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High performance polymers
- 1. High Performance Polymers Submitted to : Dr.Rouchdy Zahran Presented By : Ahmed Mamdouh Spring 2019 Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department Polymer Engineering
- 2. Outline Why HPPs ? HPPs Market Examples for common HPPs Applications Additives HPPs market to where?!
- 4. Why HPPs ? • High mechanical properties • High strength to weight ratio • High chemical resistance • Thermal degradation resistance even at elevated temperatures But???? • High-priced • high processing temperatures and melt viscosities
- 5. Market • North America is dominant in the high performance plastics market by about 47%. • Victrex (England) • Daikin industries, Ltd. (Japan) • Solvay S.A. (Belgium) • Evonik Industries AG (Germany) • E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company (U.S.A) • SABIC (Saudi Arabia)
- 6. Examples for common HPPs Structural PEEK • Two ether groups and the keto group • Condensation of 4,4-Difluorodiphenyl ketone with Hydroquinone • Thermoplastic Extreme temperature PAI & PI • condensation of a tricarboxylic acid and a primary diamine • Considered a Thermoset polymer
- 7. PEEK vs PI • PEEK (like most thermoplastics) quickly loses its mechanical properties above the onset of its glass transition temperature (289˚F for PEEK) • while PI maintains significant strength and stiffness at temperatures well above 500˚F • Vespel®
- 8. Applications
- 9. Aerospace • In addition to engine connections & valve seats • PI exhibit a wide range in service temperature and are therefore candidates for such applications • In the aerospace market High Performance Polymers are replacing metals • reduce weight and improve fuel efficiency, while allowing for simplified manufacture • For example PEEK is a substitute for aerospace materials, including aluminum (40% lighter), titanium (55% lighter), and stainless steel (70% lighter)
- 10. Medical & Dental applications
- 12. Coating & insulation films Coating • Extreme environment conditions • chemical, high temperature, abrasion, and wear resistance • Aerospace applications • For example VICOTE Coatings (PEEK-based Coatings) Insulation films • polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) film was used for insulation films but recently HPPs has partly replaced PVF in this field • For example APTIV film (PEEK-based films) • These systems reduce weight by up to 60% when compared to PVF film
- 13. Additives Special for medical & dental Reinforcing Processing
- 14. Melt stablizers • In the course of melt processing Some polymers show a strong tendency to crosslink like unstabilized poly(aryletherketone)s • This behavior is highly undesirable since the melt viscosity increases • such as zinc oxide or zinc sulfide
- 15. Reinforcing Additives • Adding glass fiber and carbon fiber reinforcements to neat polymers significantly increases strength, making them suitable for structural applications
- 16. Radiopaque fillers • PEEK exhibits an X-ray absorption close to human tissue and is invisible in X-ray • Radiopaque fillers ,such as barium sulphate and tungstene, are opaque • therefore are visible under x-ray, so a radiofiller Is added to PEEK • Unlike metals, the materials do not generate X-ray artifacts
- 17. Anti-microbial additives • Cause of the contact with blood, implantable devices and parts need to be highly biocombaitable • Therefore silver Oxide (AgO) is added to HPPs which release of silver ions upon contact to water
- 18. HPPs market to where?!
- 19. • 2016 (14.49 billion) • reach USD 35.27 Billion by 2026 • an increase of 2.5%