1. The most common means of diagnosing pinworm infection is via the “Scotch tape” test, where a clear
adhesive cellulose tape is applied to the anal area early in the morning before bathing or defecation. This
is then observed under a microscope for the presence of pinworm eggs. These eggs may also be stained
blue with lactophenol cotton blue, which aids in detection and identification. The sensitivity of this test
when performed for three consecutive mornings is 90%. Anal swabs ("Swube tubes:" paddles coated with
adhesive material) may also be used.
Alternatively, the adults may be seen in stool or toilet paper, though the ova and larvae are rarely present
in either the stool or urine. Extra-intestinal infections may require more invasive diagnostic tests. One
case diagnosed via colonscopy . Pre-operative diagnosis of finding the parasite via cervical smears,
vaginal wet mounts, and vaginal pooled specimen is possible but difficult.
Cara yang palingumumuntukmendiagnosainfeksi cacingkremi adalahmelalui" selotip"test,di mana
pitaperekatselulosayangjelasditerapkanke daerahanal pagi sebelummandi ataubuangairbesar.Ini
kemudiandiamati di bawahmikroskopuntukkehadirantelurcacingkremi .Telurini jugadapatdiwarnai
birudenganLactophenol katunbiru,yang membantudalamdeteksi danidentifikasi .Sensitivitastesini
biladilakukanselamatigapagi berturut-turutadalah90 % . Penyekadubur( "Swube tabung: " dayung
dilapisi denganbahanperekat) jugadapatdigunakan.
Atau, orang dewasadapat dilihatdalamtinjaataukertastoilet,meskipunovadanlarvajaranghadir
baikdalamtinjaatau urin.
Infeksi Extra- ususmungkinmemerlukantesdiagnostikyanglebihinvasif .Satukasusdidiagnosismelalui
colonscopydiikuti dengankonfirmasimelalui mikroskopdidokumentasikanolehPetroetal . padatahun
2005 , dan infeksi padasalurankelaminperempuanbiasanyamemerlukanlaparotomidaneksisi
granulomauntukdiagnosisyangpasti .Diagnosispra-operasi untukmenemukanparasitmelaluipap
serviks,gunungbasahvagina, dan spesimendikumpulkanvaginaadalahmungkintetapi sulit.

2. The pinworm, or Enterobius vermicularis, is a small parasitic worm that can live inside the human lower
intestine. Only 3 mm to 10 mm long,it causes an intense itching in the area of an infected person's anus,especially
at night.
Pinworms usuallyinfect people as a resultof overcrowding in schools and familygroupings or due to unsanitaryliving
conditions and poor food preparation.However,they usuallydon't indicate poor personal hygiene.They can be
commonlyfound in institutional settings such as dormitories and mental health hospitals or homes.
They're the mostcommon parasite to affect North American children,with estimates thatone-third ofCanadian
children will have pinworms atsome time in their life.
Causes of Pinworms
At night, the female worm leaves her home in an infected person's lower intestinal tract. She slips outof her
host's rectum and lays eggs in the folds of skin around the edge of the anus.The eggs are deposited in a sticky, jelly-
like substance that,along with the wriggling ofthe mother pinworm,causes severe itching.The eggs can be
transferred to the fingers,either by directly scratching the anal area or by way of clothing or bedding.They can then
be carried to the mouth and swallowed or can be transmitted to others by touch.
Since the eggs can survive for up to 20 days, they might be found in bedding and clothing. If these materials
are shaken,itis even possible to spread the eggs in the air and swallow them directly.Once eaten, the eggs hatch in
the intestine and develop into adultworms within 2 to 6 weeks.Adult worms can live for approximately 3 months and
an adultfemale can lay more than 10,000 eggs in her lifetime.
Pinworm eggs attached to the skin around the anus hatch within 6 hours, and the emerging larvae migrate
back into the anus to reside and mature within the lower intestine. For the eggs thatfell off onto adjacent
clothing or bedding,they can survive for as long as 3 weeks atroom temperature - waiting for unsuspecting hands to
carry them into the mouth.Humans are the only natural hostof pinworms.
Symptoms and Complications of Pinworms
Pinworms mainly infest children 5 to 10 years old, most of whom have no symptoms apart from itching
around the anus, which may then become raw from scratching. Pinworms are uncommon in children less than 2
years old.In girls,pinworm infection can cause vaginal itching and irritation (vaginitis).
In severe cases,weightloss,restlessness,irritability,and loss ofappetite may occur. In a few rare cases,attacks of
appendicitis mayhave been caused by pinworms blocking the appendix.

3. The cacing kremi , atau Enterobius vermicularis ,adalah cacing parasit kecil yang dapat hidup di dalam usus yang
lebih rendah manusia.Hanya 3 mm sampai 10 mm panjang ,hal itu menyebabkan rasa gatal di daerah anus orang
yang terinfeksi , terutama pada malam hari .
Cacing kremi biasanya menginfeksi orang sebagai akibatdari kepadatan penduduk di sekolah-sekolah dan kelompok
keluarga atau karena kondisi hidup yang tidak sehatdan persiapan makanan miskin .Namun,mereka biasanya tidak
menunjukkan kebersihan pribadi yang buruk . Mereka dapatumumnya ditemukan dalam pengaturan kelembagaan
seperti asrama dan rumah sakitkesehatan mental atau rumah .
Mereka parasityang paling umum untuk mempengaruhi anak-anak di Amerika Utara , dengan perkiraan bahwa
sepertiga dari anak-anak Kanada akan memiliki cacing kremi pada suatu waktu dalam hidup mereka .
Penyebab cacing kremi
Pada malam hari , cacing betina meninggalkan rumahnya di saluran usus lebih rendah orang yang terinfeksi . Dia
tergelincir keluar dari rektum host-nya dan bertelur di lipatan kulit di sekitar tepi anus . Telur yang disimpan dalam
lengket, substansi jelly- seperti itu , bersama dengan menggeliatdari cacing kremi ibu , menyebabkan gatal parah .
Telur dapatditransfer ke jari-jari , baik dengan langsung menggaruk daerah anal atau dengan cara pakaian atau
tempattidur . Mereka kemudian dapatdibawa ke mulutdan tertelan atau dapatditularkan kepada orang lain dengan
sentuhan .