Sir Liwanag's Powerpoint Presentations

1. CHAPTER 20
THE SOCIOLOGICAL MEANING OF
RACE AND ETHNIC GROUPS

2. o The differences between people are brought about by
physical characteristics of genetic origin , the term
“race” is commonly used. The concept of race applies
to a group of people with similar physical traits which
are genetically transmitted.
o The commonness of genetic heritage may be
manifested in the shape of the head and face, the
shape and the color of the eyes, the shape of the nose,
lips and ears, the texture and the color of the hair, the
skin color, height , blood type, and other characteristics.
o Among the significant racial categories studied by early
social scientists were the Caucasoids , Mongoloids,
and Negroids and the subgroups of primary and
derived races.

3. o An Ethnic group or Ethnicity refers not to physical
characteristics but social traits that are shared by a
human population. Some of the social traits often
used for ethnic classification include:
 Nationality
 Tribe
 Religious Faith
 Shared language
 Shared culture
 Shared traditions

4. o Patterns of Ethnic group Relations
o Minority refers to a group who because of physical
or cultural characteristics , occupy a subordinate
position in society and are singled out for
discriminatory treatment.
o The specific pattern of ethnic group relations that
arises is greatly dependent upon a number of
factors including the number and the sized of
different groups, the nature of the physical and
cultural traits, the available physical resources, and
most significantly, the nature of social organization
of the society of which they become a part.

5. o Prejudice and ethnic group relation
o Prejudice is an attitude involving prejudgment on
the basis of race or ethnicity.
o Discrimination is actual behavior involving unequal
treatment.
o Stereotypes generalizations or assumptions, that
people make about the characteristics of all
members of a group, based on an image (often
wrong) about what people in that group are like.

6. o Ethnic Group
o The integration of cultural minorities into the
national way of life , the search or a national
identity, and the projection of a national image in
the international scene inevitably involve the
different ethnic groups in the country.

7. o In terms of distinctive physical traits ,the ethnic
composition of the Philippines consists of four
identifiable groups.They are:
1. The Negritoes who are regarded as the oldest
residents in the Philippines.
2. Indonesian-Malayan stock which is prevalent
among the Filipinos.
3. The Chinese who make up the largest foreign
national group; and
4. The American and the Spanish, and a few other
Europeans who came as colonizers.

8. o Ethnic Group Relations in the Philippines
o Important ethnic group relations in the Philippines
Cultural Communities , Ethnic groups who have
retained their indigenous way of life , and Asian
Minorities and the Christian Majority group:of the
regional groups and the majority group:and the
European and the Christians.

9. o Cultural Communities and Christian
Filipinos
o About three million non-Christian Filipinos, now
identified as Cultural Communities, make up 10
percent of total national population. Representing
different degrees of cultural development, they
have maintained their culture is their clothes, art,
religion, and other superficial differences.
o The muslim groups still practice polygyny and
divorce, wear their distinctive style of dressing and
have a distinctive art. The datu and agama system
are still practice.

10. o Regional Relations
o Membership in ethnic groups plays a vital role in
the different aspect of living in the Philippines. A
very important manifestation of this is regionalism.
o The use of epithets, stereotypes, jokes, folk
tales, movies, and other forms of communication
tends to develop and reinforce regionalism. A few
examples are Ilokano, bantay kuako;
Pampangueno, dugong aso; Bisaya, taeng pusa;
Etc.
o The Ilocanos are the major ethnic groups in the
Philippines because of relative poverty.

11. o Filipino Chinese Relations
o The Chinese came to the Philippines long before
the Spaniards. They first came as merchants in
Chinese junks. When the country prospered, they
came to stay and gradually increased in number.
o As early as 1582, the Spanish colonial government
set u a separate Chinese area, called the Parian, to
keep them under surveillance. The large number of
Chinese caused fear and suspicion among the
Spaniards that when threatened, the Spaniards
often resorted to massacre and expulsion.

12. o The Chinese also introduced many cultural
elements that have become integral parts of the
Filipino way of life.
o Despite the long-standing social distance between
the Chinese and the Filipino, there have been a
considerable number of intermarriages between
them.

13. o Filipino-Spanish Relations
o The Spaniards succeeded in Hispanizing the
Filipinos in varied aspects of life. In spite of the
hostility and conflict between the Spaniards and the
Filipinos, a considerable degree of miscegenation
occurred.
o The teaching of Spanish is included in the
educational curriculum and the Christianization of
the Philippines is celebrated.

14. o Filipino-American Relations
o The first contacts between the Filipinos and the
Americans were characterized by conflict,
America’s policy of attraction gradually brought
about peace and order. Filipino-American relations
have been friendly.
o Before World War II, Filipino-American
intermarriages were quite limited. The period
following World War II, however, saw more shifts in
Filipino-American relations.

15. o Another issue besetting Filipino-American
relationship is the fight of Filipino veterans who
served in the US military during World War II for US
citizenship and corresponding veteran benefit.
o In November 1993, President Fidel Ramos went on
a working visit to the USA to entice more American
investors. Aside from that, President Ramos and
US President Clinton embarked on preliminary talks
on setting mutual benefit treaties such as an
extradition agreement. A new era of Filipino-
American relations is emerging as the Philippines
sits down on the negotiating table as an equal to its
former “big brother” America.

16. o Filipino-Indian Relations
o The great majority of Indian and Pakistan
nationals are found in Manila. They are reputed
to be reliable and trustworthy and they work as
clerks and night watchmen in larger Indian
business establishments.
o The Indian and Filipinos have restricted their
social relationships. No conflict whatsoever has
arisen in Filipino-Indian relations. However,
Filipinos assign the Indians a comparatively low
social status.

17. o Filipino-Japanese Relations
o Filipino-Japanese relations can be traced back to
the sixteenth century. Because of the business
activities initiated by trade, a number of Japanese
immigrated to the Philippines and grew into a
colony.
o Filipino-Japanese relations were never pleasant
during the Second World War. Japan was reported
as the second largest foreign investor in the
Philippines. In 1992, women in the Philippines and
South Korea who were forced to provide sexual
services to Japanese soldiers during the war.

18. ~End ^^
Thank you for
listening.