it is very easy and simplify for MLT Students to understand about different parameters are used in CBC test . This slides give you basic knowledge and information about complete blood count..

1. COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT TEST
LECTURE BY:
ABUBAKAR RIAZ MINHAS
MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGIST BY PROFESSION

2. WHAT IS COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT ?
 A complete blood count (CBC) is a test that measure the cells
that make up your Blood. They are as follows:
I. Red blood cells
II. White blood cells
III. Platelets &other Parameters

3. Why complete blood count test is
Recommended?
 Your doctor may order you a CBC test as a routine check-up or to:
 To check for Anemia
 See if you have another health issues or to explain symptoms like weakness
fever bruising or feeling tired .
 Keep an eyes on a blood conditions you already have .
 To see your medication or treatment is working or not like through
chemotherapy Effecting your blood.

4. What kinds of disorders can be detected
with a complete blood count ?
Abnormal CBC test results help to diagnose:
 Infections
 Inflamations
 Cancer ,Leukemia
 Bone marrow failure,
 Autoimmune conditions (The condition in which immune system attacks the
body others cells as foren partical/ antigen.
 Abnormal development of bone marrow .
 Anemia , dehydration ,effects of chemotherapy, effects of antibiotics and
vitamins and minrels deficiencies.
 Thalasemia (it is condition in which RBCs production is abnormal.

5. How to take blood sample for CBC
test ?
 It is very simple and takes just few minutes .
 Phlebotomist will take blood through
venipuncture by inserting syringe needle in
to vein in your arm.
 The phlebotomist send it to lab for diagnosis.
 You can leave and get right back to your
normal routine.

6. How to interpretation from CBC Reports ?
In interpretation period we checked the High
level , low level and normal level of different
components .
In this methods different terms are used for
different components of blood if they are
increase or decrease by there normal ranges.

7.  RBCs:
 A type of blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found
in the blood. Red blood cells contain a protein called
hemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of
the body. Checking the number of red blood cells in the blood is
usually part of a complete blood cell (CBC) test
 High level of RBCs:
 Heart failure ,causing low level of oxygen level
 Low level of RBCs:
 Low level of RBCs indicate vitamin B6,B12 or folate
deficiency .it may cause internal bleeding ,kidney disease.
Red blood cell count mean.

8. HEAMOGLOBIN
 The levels of different parameters in complete blood count can be provide
information about different possible problems like:
 HEAMOGLOBINE:
 Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen to your body's
organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide from your organs and tissues
back to your lungs. If a hemoglobin test reveals that your hemoglobin level is
lower than normal, it means you have a low red blood cell count (anemia).
 High levels :of hemoglobin may be seen in patients with polycythemia. Like heart
disease.
 Low levels :of hemoglobin may be seen in patients with anima .they causes
fatigue and weakness.

9. Why WBC are increase or decreases
from normal ranges?
 NORMAL RANGES:
The normal range of WBC is 4500-11000 per microliter. This range is diffrent in
different labs.
 High level:
 High level of wbc can be seen in the patients with:
1. Infection, inflammatory disorders ,
2. Leukemia and myeloproliferaction disorder .
 Low level:
 Low level of wbc can be seen in the patients with:
1. Aplastic anemia ,bone marrow disorders
2. Autoimmune conditions.

10. Why Neutrophil is increase /decrease
from normal Ranges?
 Neutrophils are an important type of wbc ,vital for fighting against the
pathogens particularly bacterial infection .in adults a count of 1500
neutrophils per microliter of blood or less is conceder neutropenia with any
count below 500 microliter of blood cause severe case.
 High neutrophil count can be seen in the patients with:
 Acute bacterial infection,inflammation and burns.
 Low neutrophils count can be seen in the patients with:
 Aplastic anemia and autoimmune disorders
 Drug reaction and chemotherapy.

11. Why Lymphocytes is increase /decrease
from normal Ranges?
 Lymphocytes are activate in the body when viruses are enter the body our body
defense system activate the lymphocytes.
 High Lymphocytes count can be seen in the patients with:
 Acute viral infection
 Tuberculosis
 Lymphocytic leukemia
 Low Lymphocytes count can be seen in the patients with:
 Bone marrow damage
 Aplastic anemia
 Autoimmune disorders.

12. Why monocytes is increase /decrease from
normal Ranges?
 Monocytes are a type of WBC that fight certain infections
and help other white blood cells remove dead or damaged
tissues destroy cancer cells and regulate immunity against
foreign substances.
 High monocyte count can be seen in the patients with:
 Tuberculosis ,bacterial endocardititis ,collagen vascular
disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases
 Low monocytes count can be seen in the patients with:
 Bone marrow damage

13. Why Eosionophils count is increase
/decrease from normal Ranges?
Eosinophiles are the type of disease –fighting white blood cells .tis
condition most often indicates a parasitic infection an allergic
reaction or cancer .
 High eosinophil count can be seen in the patients with:
 Asthma , Allergies Reaction
 Drug reaction
 Parasitic infection
 Low eosinophil count can be seen in the patients with:
 They are very rare and medically insignificant .

14. Why Basophil is increase /decrease from
normal Ranges?
 Basophils are the types of white blood cell . Basophils are the least
commont type of granulocytes representing about 0.5%to1% of
circulating wbc. However ,they are the largest type of granulocytes.
 High basophil count can be seen in the patients with:
 They can be seen in chronic myeloid leukemia.
 Low basophils count can be seen in the patients with:
 They are medically insignificant.

15. Why platelet count is increase /decrease
from normal Ranges
 Platelet are helping in clotting of bllod it helps to heal the injury .its normal ranges is
150,000-350,000.
 High platelet count : It is also called thrombocytosis and seen in patient with :
1. Choronic infection or inflammatory disease
2. Removel of spleen
3. Blood loss from recent surgery or injury.
 Low platelet count: it is also called thrombocytopenia and seen in patient with :
1. Dengue fever
2. Bleeding or platelet disorder

16. Why MCV,MCH and MCHC Increase or
decrease?
 Why increase :
1. Anemia due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency .
 Why decrease:
1. It is seen in patient when they are suffering from
iron deficiency anemia.

17. CBC Report: