This document provides an overview of microgrids. It defines a microgrid as a small-scale power supply network designed to provide power for a small community. Key points: - Microgrids allow for local power generation and distribution for local loads. They comprise various small generation sources like solar panels and wind turbines, making them flexible and efficient. - Microgrids are connected to both local generation and the main utility grid, preventing power outages. Excess power can be sold back to the utility grid. - Microgrid components include distributed generation sources, loads, energy storage, a controller, and a connection point to the main grid. - Typical microgrid configurations and an example from Indonesia are shown.

1. ABHISHEK YADAV
DILIP KUMAR
PANKAJ YADAV
SACHI KUMAR
SUMIT SAHU
19EED26
19EED66
19EED50
19EE22
19EED61
8/25/2009 1
GUIDED BY
RISHABH UPADHYAY
SHIVAM SRIVASTAV

2. Introduction To Microgrid
2
⚫What is Microgrid?
⚫It isa small-scale powersupply network that is designed
to provide power fora small community
.
⚫Itenables local powergeneration for local loads.
⚫Itcomprises of various small powergenerating sources
that makes it highly flexibleand efficient.

3. Introduction To Microgrid
3
⚫What is Microgrid?
⚫It isconnected to both the local generating unitsand the
utilitygrid thus preventing poweroutages.
⚫Excess powercan be sold to the utilitygrid.
⚫Sizeof the Microgrid may range from housing estate to
municipal regions.

4. Introduction To Microgrid
⚫Microgrid Components
⚫Distributed Generation
⚫Loads
⚫Immediatestorage
⚫Controller
⚫Point of Common Coupling
4

5. 8/25/2009
Typical Microgrid is shown below:
5

6. 8/25/2009
Pomelo, Indonesia - Village microgrid
6

7. ARDUINO
{BLOCK DIAGRAM}
METHODOLOGY

8. 1. MOTIVATION:
With the tremendous increase in the power consumption and with the
introduction of electric vehicles, supply of power has got far greater
attention and its interruption will bring the lives ofpeople to halt. To
overcome power cutouts, microgrids are the only solution, and the
continuousincrease in the demand of dc loads has motivated the
researchers to work on dc distribution system. This was our
motivation of working on dc microgrid for better efficiency and
reduced losses.

9. 1.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3. Circuit diagram

10. COMPONENTS
 ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER
 WINDMILL
 SOLAR PANNEL
 BRIDGE RECTIFIER
 RESISTORS
 CAPACITORS
 4 CHANNEL RELAY
 VOLTAGE REGULATOR
 LED
 TRANSFORMER
 LOAD

11. Hardware prototype

12. Microgrid Operating Modes
⚫Grid Connected Mode:
⚫ Utilitygrid is active.
⚫ Staticswitch is closed
⚫ All the feedersare being
supplied byutilitygrid.
12

13. The Need Of Microgrid
13
⚫Microgrid could be theanswer toourenergycrisis.
⚫Transmission losses gets highly reduced.
⚫Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts
emissionswithout majorchanges to lifestyles.
⚫Provide high qualityand reliableenergy supply to
critical loads

14. Interconnected Microgrids
14
Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks
⚫Practical sizeof Microgrids is limited toa few MVA.
⚫For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many
Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network called
PowerParks.
⚫The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures
greaterstabilityand controllability for the Power Parks.

15. Environmental Aspects
15
⚫Microgrid encourages the useof the renewable energy
sources.
⚫Large land use impactsareavoided.
⚫CO2 Emissions are reduced.

16. Conventional Grid vs. Microgrid
16
⚫Efficiencyof conventional grid isvery low as compared
to Microgrid.
⚫Large amountof energy in the formof heat is wasted in
conventional grid.
⚫Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred toas
Microsources) are small and are located in close
proximityto load.

17. Advantages & Disadvantages
17
⚫ Microgrid Advantages
⚫ A majoradvantageof a Microgrid, is itsability, during a utility
grid disturbance, to separate and isolate itself from the utility
seamlessly with little or no disruption to the loads within the
Microgrid.
⚫ In peak load periods it prevents utilitygrid failure by
reducing the load on thegrid.
⚫ Significantenvironmental benefits made possible by the use
of low orzeroemission generators.

18. Advantages & Disadvantages
18
⚫Microgrid Advantages
⚫The useof both electricityand heat permitted by the
close proximityof thegenerator to the user, thereby
increasing theoverall energy efficiency.
⚫Microgrid can act to mitigate theelectricitycosts to its
users bygenerating someorall of itselectricity needs.

19. Advantages & Disadvantages
19
⚫Microgrid Disadvantages
⚫ Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main
parameters that must be considered and controlled to
acceptablestandardswhilst the powerand energy balance is
maintained.
⚫ Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks thus
requiring morespaceand maintenance.
⚫ Resynchronization with the utilitygrid is difficult.

20. Advantages & Disadvantages
20
⚫Microgrid Disadvantages
⚫ Microgrid protection is oneof the most importantchallenges
facing the implementationof Microgrids.
⚫ Issues such as standbychargesand net metering may pose
obstacles for Microgrid.
⚫ Interconnection standards needs to be developed to ensure
consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard proposed by Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers may end up filling
thevoid.

21. Future Directions on Microgrid
Research
21
⚫ Toinvestigate full-scale development, field demonstration,
experimental performanceevaluationof frequencyand voltagecontrol
methodsundervariousoperation modes.
⚫ Transition between grid connected and islanded modeson interaction
phenomena between distribution generation and high penetration of
distributed generation.
⚫ Transformationof Microgrid system today into the intelligent,
robust energy delivery system in the future by providing
significantreliability and security benefits.

22. 22
ARDUINO PROGRAMING CODE
const int VOL_PIN = A0;
const int VOL_PIN1 = A1;
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,20,4);
void setup(){
lcd.init(); // initialize the lcd
lcd.init();
// Print a message to the LCD.
lcd.backlight();
Serial.begin( 9600 );
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
}
void loop(){
int value;
int value1;
float volt;
float volt1;
value = analogRead( VOL_PIN );
value1 = analogRead( VOL_PIN1 );
volt = value * 5.0 / 1023.0;
volt1 = value1 * 5.0 / 1023.0;
Serial.print( "Value: " );
Serial.print( value );
Serial.print( " Volt: " );
Serial.println( volt );
Serial.print( "Value1: " );
Serial.print( value1 );
Serial.print( " Volt1: " );
Serial.println( volt1 );
if (volt1 > 1.8 && volt < 2) {
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("WINDMILL ON");
} else
{
digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
lcd.clear();
}
if (volt > 2.5 && volt1 < 1.8) {
digitalWrite(7,LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("SOLAR ON");
} else
{
digitalWrite(7,HIGH);
lcd.clear();
}
if (volt < 0.99 && volt1 < 0.9) {
digitalWrite(6,LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("ELECTRICITY ON");
} else
{
digitalWrite(6,HIGH);
lcd.clear();
}
delay( 500 );
}

23. Thank You
23

24. Queries?
24