1. Over View
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⚫Introduction to Microgrid
⚫Microgrid Operating Modes
⚫The Need of Microgrid
⚫Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks
⚫Environmental Aspects
⚫Conventional Grid Vs. Microgrid
⚫Advantages & Disadvantages of Microgrid
⚫Future Directionson Microgrid Research
⚫References
2. Introduction To Microgrid
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⚫What is Microgrid?
⚫It isa small-scale powersupply network that is designed
to provide power fora small community
.
⚫Itenables local powergeneration for local loads.
⚫Itcomprises of various small powergenerating sources
that makes it highly flexibleand efficient.
3. Introduction To Microgrid
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⚫What is Microgrid?
⚫It isconnected to both the local generating unitsand the
utilitygrid thus preventing poweroutages.
⚫Excess powercan be sold to the utilitygrid.
⚫Sizeof the Microgrid may range from housing estate to
municipal regions.
4. Introduction To Microgrid
⚫Microgrid Components
⚫Distributed Generation
⚫Loads
⚫Storage
⚫Controller
⚫Point of Common Coupling
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Fig.01
5. Microgrid Operating Modes
⚫Grid Connected Mode:
⚫ Utilitygrid is active.
⚫ Staticswitch is closed
⚫ All the feedersare being
supplied by utilitygrid.
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Fig.02
6. Microgrid Operating Modes
⚫Island Mode:
⚫ Utilitygrid is not supplying power
⚫ Staticswitch is open.
⚫ FeederA, B, C are being supplied
by Microsources.
⚫ Feeder D (not sensitive )
isdead.
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Fig.03
7. The Need Of Microgrid
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⚫Microgrid could be theanswer toourenergycrisis.
⚫Transmission losses gets highly reduced.
⚫Microgrid results in substantial savings and cuts
emissionswithout majorchanges to lifestyles.
⚫Provide high qualityand reliableenergy supply to
critical loads
8. Interconnected Microgrids
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Interconnected Microgrids – Power Parks
⚫Practical sizeof Microgrids is limited toa few MVA.
⚫For larger loads, it is desirable to interconnect many
Microgrids to form a larger Microgrid network called
PowerParks.
⚫The advantages of this Microgrid structure insures
greaterstabilityand controllability for the Power Parks.
10. Conventional Grid vs. Microgrid
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⚫Efficiencyof conventional grid isvery low as compared
to Microgrid.
⚫Large amountof energy in the formof heat is wasted in
conventional grid.
⚫Power sources in case of Microgrid (often referred toas
Microsources) are small and are located in close
proximityto load.
11. Advantages & Disadvantages
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⚫ Microgrid Advantages
⚫ A majoradvantageof a Microgrid, is itsability, during a utility
grid disturbance, to separate and isolate itself from the utility
seamlessly with little or no disruption to the loads within the
Microgrid.
⚫ In peak load periods it prevents utilitygrid failure by
reducing the load on thegrid.
⚫ Significantenvironmental benefits made possible by the use
of low orzeroemission generators.
12. Advantages & Disadvantages
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⚫Microgrid Advantages
⚫The useof both electricityand heat permitted by the
close proximityof thegenerator to the user, thereby
increasing theoverall energy efficiency.
⚫Microgrid can act to mitigate theelectricitycosts to its
users bygenerating someorall of itselectricity needs.
13. Advantages & Disadvantages
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⚫Microgrid Disadvantages
⚫ Voltage, frequency and power quality are three main
parameters that must be considered and controlled to
acceptablestandardswhilst the powerand energy balance is
maintained.
⚫ Electrical energy needs to be stored in battery banks thus
requiring morespaceand maintenance.
⚫ Resynchronization with the utilitygrid is difficult.
14. Advantages & Disadvantages
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⚫Microgrid Disadvantages
⚫ Microgrid protection is oneof the most importantchallenges
facing the implementationof Microgrids.
⚫ Issues such as standbychargesand net metering may pose
obstacles for Microgrid.
⚫ Interconnection standards needs to be developed to ensure
consistency. IEEE P1547, a standard proposed by Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers may end up filling
thevoid.
15. Future Directions on Microgrid
Research
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⚫ Toinvestigate full-scale development, field demonstration,
experimental performanceevaluationof frequencyand voltagecontrol
methodsundervariousoperation modes.
⚫ Transition between grid connected and islanded modeson interaction
phenomena between distribution generation and high penetration of
distributed generation.
⚫ Transformationof Microgrid system today intothe intelligent, robust
energy delivery system in the future by providing significant
reliabilityand security benefits.
