The Senna plant, scientifically known as Senna alexandrina, is a remarkable botanical treasure with a rich history in traditional medicine. Join us on a journey through the world of Senna as we delve into its diverse uses, pharmacological properties, and cultural significance. In this presentation, we will uncover the secrets of the Senna plant, a member of the legume family, and explore its role as a natural remedy. Discover how Senna has been employed for centuries as a gentle and effective laxative, aiding in digestive health and providing relief from constipation. We will also examine the plant's active compounds, such as sennosides, and their mechanisms of action within the human body. Gain insights into the careful cultivation and harvesting of Senna leaves, which are the primary source of its medicinal properties. Furthermore, we'll explore the global traditions and indigenous practices that have revered the Senna plant as a valuable herbal resource. From traditional Ayurvedic medicine in India to its use among Native American tribes, the Senna plant has left an indelible mark on herbal medicine.

1. PHARMACOGNOSY
LAXATIVE I SENNA
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2. SENNA
Biological source: It consists of dried leaflets of Alexandrian Senna-
Cassia acutifolia / Indian Senna (Tinnevelly senna) Cassia angustifolia
Family: Leguminosae
Macroscopic Characters
Isobilateral type of leaf
Indian Senna- Lanceolate
Alexandrian Senna- Ovate lanceolate

3. SHAPE
Alexandrin senna – ovate Lanceolate
VEIN ISLET : 25-29.5
STOMATO INTEX : 12.5
Indian Senna – Lanceolate
VEIN ISLET : 19.5-22.5
STOMATO INTEX : 17
SENNA
In Indian variety less, hairs are present as compared to European Senna
Active constituents present in epicarp of leaf and pericarp of pods
It is a leguminous plant, so add nitrogen soil at regular interval

4. Cultivation & Collection
Forcultivation red loamy or coarse gravelly soil is selected. also grown in alluvial
loamy soil.
Sowing of seeds by broadcasting method( feb-march & oct-nov)
It is leguminous plant- not have root nodules- so apply nitrogenous fertilizers
After 2-3 month of sowing harvesting is done in 3 stages-
ISt plucking-when leaflets are thick, full grown and greenish in color
2nd after one month of ISt plucking
3rd after 4-6 weeks of 2nd plucking
Leaflets dried under shade or indoor(7-10 days) and after drying leaves become
yellowish green color

5. Microscopy
Stomata present in Senna leaves- Parasitic stomata, (Rubiaceous)
Trichomes are curved, warty, unicellular, non-lignified
Microscopically two varieties of Senna are distinguished by vein
islet number and stomatal indexes
Cluster crystal of calcium oxalate- Prismatic
It has mesophyll having upper and lower palisade layer of the cluster sheath
(Spongy mesophyll)
Presence of cluster sheath and collenchyma are characteristics of Senna leaf

6. Chemical Constituents
2 anthraquinone glycoside- sennoside A & sennoside B- they
are stereoisomers- contain rhein
dianthrone as aglycone- responsible for purgative action.
Also contain sennoside C & D, aloe emodin, rhein 8 glucoside,
kaempferol, rhein, calcium oxalate,
salicylic acid resin and mucilage
Sennoside A and C are trans isomer , B and D are meso isomer
It also contain 2 naphthalene glycosides- tinnevelly glycoside
and 6- hydroxy musizin glycoside

7. IDENTIFICATION TEST
• Borntrager's test- presence of anthraquinone glycoside ( O-glycoside )
Drug boiled with sulphuric acid
Filtered
To the filtrate add benzene or ether or chloroform and shake well
Organic layer was separated to which ammonia is added slowly
Ammoniac layer shows pink to red color

8. Adultrant and substituents
1. Dog senna ( C. obovata)— leaves are obovate in shape with tapering apex.
Papillose cells in lower epidermis. Contains 1 % anthraquinone glycosides
2. Palthe senna (C. auriculata)-absence of anthraquinone glycosides. When leaves are
boiled with chloral it shows crimson colour

9. THANK YOU