2. Synthetic Time
Synthetic time means that you can calculate the
basic time rather than find it from observations.
To have Synthetic time you need to have:
The nature of the element time is varying with one or
more variables.
Previous records are available for that element at different
values of the time depending variable (s).
All expected data about the future time depending
variables.
3. Synthetic Time (Example)
In a production process the worker is fetching empty
boxes in order to pack the product at. The process
can be divided into four elements as follows: E1:
walking to the empty boxes pile fetch 5 boxes at a
time, E2: Open the box and close the base with tape,
E3: Put products in the box 4 at a time, E4: Close the
box lid with tape. Since the boxes are of different
sizes and the piles are at different places, a time study
was previously done for two different sizes and the
results are given in the following table:
4. Synthetic Time (Example)
Element 48 products Box 24 Products Box
O1 O2 O3 O4
E1 2:23 min 2:25 min 2:58 min 3:00 min
E2 0:35 min 0:34 min 0:32 min 0:36 min
E3 3:21 min 3:27 min 1:45 min 1:51 min
E4 0:23 min 0:27 min 0:26 min 0:24 min
If the 48 products boxes pile is 7 m away and that of the 24 boxes is 10 m
away, find the standard time for packing 36 products boxes knowing that their
pile will be 5 m away.
5. Learning Curves
It is normal that repeating the task for several times
will cause that the worker will be trained on
performing it.
After training the time needed to complete the task
will be less than the first time the task was done.
Time
per
repetition
Number of repetitions
Y=KX-A,
𝑪 =
𝑲 𝑵𝟐 + 𝟎. 𝟓 𝟏 −𝑨 − 𝑵𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟓 𝟏 −𝑨
𝟏 − 𝑨
6. Learning Curves with Remission
It is assumed that
after remission
the learning will
be faster.
No. of
cycles
Time
Xi CS
R
R=K−(K−S) ×
Xi
CS
S
K
A
A`
7. Example
A Company wants to establish the standard time for a
certain task using the learning curves method.
Determine the standard time data collected are as
follows:
Time at 50 cycles = 6.23 min.
Time at 250 cycles = 5.01 min.
Total learning time = 2400 min.
If the production stopped after 300 cycles for 2 months
then it is resumed with an order of 600 units.
Determine the time needed for the production of the
new order.
9. Incentive Schemes
One of the most important uses of the standard time
is to use it to establish the incentives which will be
given to the workers.
Workers who are operating faster than standard
should be awarded incentives.
Those who are operating slower than standard
should be investigated as they may:
Lack training.
The job is too difficult or complex for them.
The are slow workers who are under motivated.
No reason.
10. Incentive Schemes
E: is the worker earning during a specified period.
H: the number of working hours during the same
period.
R: the hourly rate.
S: Standard hours.
x: The participation starting percentage.
𝐸 = 𝑅 × 𝐻 + 𝑅 × 𝑆 − 𝐻 +
