discussing the types of errors occur in doing research: 1. Theortical errors 2. Methodological errors

1. ERRORS IN
CONDUCTING
RESEARCH
•THEORTICAL ERRORS
•METHODOLOGICAL ERRORS

2. THEORITICAL ERRORS
These errors occur at different stages:-
Such as choice of area of an
investigation
Assumptions about constants and
variables
Defining variables

3. CHOICE OF AREA OF STUDY
Interdisciplinary knowledge
Field of specialization
Field of full understanding
Review of earlier studies

4. ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT A STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM
Knowledge of variables
Operational Defination
Understanding the nature of variables
Demarcation of the role of variables

5. ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT CONSTANTS &
VARIABLES
Identification
Probing
delimitation

6. DEFINATION OF VARIABLES
Operational Defination
Only one Defination
Research Defination

7. METHODOLOGICAL ERRORS
These are occur at different methods
in research:-
Descriptive research
Historical research
Experimental study

8. SUGGESTIONS TO AVOID ERRORS
 Use appropriate method
 Check the internal &external validity.
How to reduce these errors
 Controlling the validity
 Ex-post-facto study/casual comparative research
 Method according to the objectives
 Follow-up

9. THANK YOU
Prepared By:-
Aastha Bhatia