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Assigned by:
Ma’am Sumbal Ali
Presented by:
Iqra Saeed
Saia Kokab
Khadija Nisar
Touseef Ahmad
Adeel Akram
2/6/2021 1
Contents
• Introduction to Fertilizers
• Types of Fertilizers
a) Single Fertilizers
b) Compound Fertilizers
c) Organic Fertilizers
d) Inorganic Fertilizers
• Advantages and Disadvantages of fertilizers
• Summary
2/6/2021 2
Introduction to Fertilizers
Definition:
“Fertilizers are natural and synthetic materials used to supply the essential
elements to the plant in a readily available form for the growth and development
of plant”
These compounds are given to plants either
• By soil____________ uptake by plant roots
• Foliar feeding______ uptake through leaves
2/6/2021 3
Introduction to Fertilizers
Why Fertilizers are applied?
Fertilizers are applied because they can provide:
• Certain elements ( N, P, K )
• Nutrients
• Support plant growth
• Increase flowering
• Increase the yield of crops and fruits
• Increase soil fertility
• Increase soil aeration
• Increase Water holding capacity
• Provide deficient elements
2/6/2021 4
Essential Nutrients
There are 17 essential nutrients which effect the growth of plants:
2/6/2021 5
Nutrients
Natural Primary Secondary Micro
Nutrients Nutrients Nutrients Nutrients
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
• Potassium
• Phosphorous
• Calcium
• Sodium
• Sulfur
• Magnesium
• Copper
• Molybdenum
• Manganese
• Cobalt
• Zinc
• Boron
• Iron
2/6/2021 6
2/6/2021 7
Types Of Fertilizers
• Single Fertilizers
e.g NH4Cl, KCl, NH4NO3
• Compound Fertilizers
e.g KNO3 , Mono, Di, Tri
Ammonium Phosphate
• Organic Fertilizers
e.g Biofertilizers like Organic
Manures, Composts etc.
• Inorganic Fertilizers
e.g Artificial and Chemical
Fertilizers
2/6/2021 8
Organic Fertilizers
• These are derived from Organic sources
• These can range from organic compost to cow manure
• Cow manure from a conventional farm
• Pesticides would not be considered organic fertilizers
2/6/2021 9
Types of Organic Fertilizers
Organic Fertilizers can b categorized into following groups:
• Manures and compost
• Plant manures
• Plant stubble and residues
• Other fertilizers
2/6/2021 10
Animal Manure and Compost
• Animal manure consists of solid and liquid
feces and litter
• Good quality manure is excellent source of
organic nutrients
• Fresh manure may be available from the
livestock operations
• Compost can be made from the materials such
as yard waste, sawdust, manures and
industrial by-products
• It usually has a dark brown appearance,
granular in size and has a musty smell
• Commercially packed manures generally
contain composted material litter.
2/6/2021 11
Green Manures
Green fertilizing is a method in which,
 Plants are produced and their
whole mass is turned into mass in
soil
 They increase the soil fertility by
incorporating nutrients and organic
matter in soil
 Leguminous plants such as clover
are often use for this
2/6/2021 12
Plant, Stubbles and roots Residues
• The roots of cultivated plants play a
significant role in the maintenance
of the fertility, digestion of nutrients
and improving the structure of the
soil.
• They have a great advantage on the
organic manures that they
homogenously net in the soil and in
this way the organic material
distribution is even.
2/6/2021 13
Other Fertilizers
There are some other fertilizers which
include:
 Peet
 Lime
 Algae-Products
a) Calcareous Algae
b) Liquid product made of dried
green and brown algae
 Bacterial and Microbial Fertilizers
2/6/2021 14
2/6/2021 15
Inorganic Fertilizers
• These fertilizers are made up of simple inorganic chemicals or minerals.
• Inorganic Fertilizer are used to distinguish the manufactured product from
natural organic material of plant and animal.
Specifications
• They are easy to store.
• They have analysis than organic fertilizer.
• They can be custom formulated for specific purpose.
• Easy to apply and can be applied uniformly.
• They available in liquid and solid form.
• Nutrients are readily available to plant
2/6/2021 16
Sources of Inorganic Fertilizers (majorly)
Major sources of inorganic fertilizers which impart important characteristics
on plant growth are:-
• Nitrogen Fertilizers (N)
• Phosphorous Fertilizers (P)
• Potassium Fertilizers (K)
These are commonly called
as NPK Fertilizers.
2/6/2021 17
Nitrogen Fertilizers
• Promotes rapid vegetative growth (leaf and stems) hastening
recovery after mowing and imparting vigor to the turf.
• A vital element in the formation and function of
chlorophyll–the key ingredient imparting dark green color.
• Synthesizes amino acids which in turn form protein.
• Regulates the uptake of other nutrients.
• Basic ingredient of vital compounds - Nucleic acid
• Commercial inorganic source include salt of ammonia and
potassium.
2/6/2021 18
Ammonium Sulfate (N- Fertilizer)
• (NH4)2SO4 has been used in sugarcane and pineapple as
on small farm.
• It contain 21%N and 11% S.
• It will lower soil pH if used continuously over long time.
2/6/2021 19
Urea ( N-Fertilizer)
• Urea is a type of nitrogen fertilizer which is white crystalline substance with
the chemical formula NH2CONH2.
• It is highly water soluble.
• It contains 46% nitrogen
Urea Manufacturing
Raw material:
• Amonia(NH3)
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Reaction:
• Urea is synthesized from NH3 and CO2 in two stage reaction.
• Formation of ammonium carbonate.
• 1.2NH3+CO2 NH2COONH4
2/6/2021 20
Synthesis of Urea
Several parts
• Ammonium pumping
• Carbon dioxide
compression
• Urea synthesis tower
• Distillation tower and flash
drum
• Vacuum evaporator
• Prilling tower
2/6/2021 21
Phosphorous Fertilizers (P-Fertilizers)
• Animal manure is a source of Phosphorus.
• Commercial fertilizer are made primarily from Rock phosphate.
• Other commercial form are ammonium phosphate and triple super
phosphate.
• They are water soluble.
Ammonium Phosphate (P-Fertilizers)
• Ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4 is salt ammonium and
phosphate acid.
• It consists of ammonium cations and ammonium anoins.
• It is water soluble and aqueous solution on boiling losses
ammonia.
2/6/2021 22
Synthesis of Ammonium phosphate
Raw Material:-
Basis=1000Kg of Diamonium phosphate
Amonium=200Kg
Phosphoric=465Kg
Reaction:
NH3+H3PO4 NH4H2PO4
2/6/2021 23
Potassium Fertilizers ( K-Fertilizers)
• Used to replenish soil supplies.
• Community fertilizer may purchase as potassium sulfate.
• The nitrate firm is more expensive.
• Used only for high premium crop such as vegetables and orchard plant.
Potassium Chloride Fertilizers (K-Fertilizer)
• Potassium chloride is well suited for rice wheat , cotton and corn.
• Because of physiological acidity potassium can be used in neutral
calcareous soil.
• It can be used as top dressing.
• Because Potassium Chloride fertilizer contain large amount of
chloride, it will help to growth of seed.
2/6/2021 24
2/6/2021 25
Effects of Fertilizers
Biofertilizers
2/6/2021 26
Effects on Agriculture
• Increase crop harvest yield .
(from 20-37percent)
• (Algae on rice increase yield from
10-45percent)
• +)) Production of plant hormones.
• (Phytohormones)
• Protection from drought and soil
borne disease.
• (Aquatic cynobact),(azotobacter)
2/6/2021 27
Effects on Environment
• Ecofriendly.
• Remove pollutants.
• Improve soil water holding capacity.
• Decrease soil erosion.
• Activate soil biologically.
2/6/2021 28
Advantages of Biofertilizers
• Decompose plant residues & stabilize C:N ratio in soil
• Stimulate plant growth by secreting growth hormones
• Secrete antifungal and antibiotic like substances
• No adverse effects on plants growth
• It also produce IAA (indole acetic acid), Gibberellins, and vitamin
B that catalyze the growth of crops and yields
• Cheaper then the commercial fertilizers, 200 grams of solid bio-
fertilizers are available in Rs.6 while liquid bio-fertilizers are
available in Rs.280/liter
• Can be used in paddy Crops( Rice)
2/6/2021 29
Disadvantages of Biofertilizers
• Specific to plants.
• Require skills to maintain
• In adequate awareness of use and
benefits.
• Different machinery from that of
chemical fertilizers.
2/6/2021 30
Effects of Chemical Fertilizers
2/6/2021 31
Advantages of Chemical Fertilizers
• Help in fight plant disease
• Increase root growth & make plant
pest resistant
• It make poor soil fertile immediately
• Eliminate crop rotation
• Cheap & easy to use
• Make nutrients available to crops
2/6/2021 32
Disadvantages of Chemical Fertilizers
• Create dead zones
• Kill aquatic life
• Decrease water holding capacity in soil
• Increase soil erosion
• Kill nitrogen supplying microbes to plants
• Cause breathing problems & skin disease in
farmers
2/6/2021 33
2/6/2021 34
2/6/2021 35

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Role of Biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers in agriculture

  • 1. Assigned by: Ma’am Sumbal Ali Presented by: Iqra Saeed Saia Kokab Khadija Nisar Touseef Ahmad Adeel Akram 2/6/2021 1
  • 2. Contents • Introduction to Fertilizers • Types of Fertilizers a) Single Fertilizers b) Compound Fertilizers c) Organic Fertilizers d) Inorganic Fertilizers • Advantages and Disadvantages of fertilizers • Summary 2/6/2021 2
  • 3. Introduction to Fertilizers Definition: “Fertilizers are natural and synthetic materials used to supply the essential elements to the plant in a readily available form for the growth and development of plant” These compounds are given to plants either • By soil____________ uptake by plant roots • Foliar feeding______ uptake through leaves 2/6/2021 3
  • 4. Introduction to Fertilizers Why Fertilizers are applied? Fertilizers are applied because they can provide: • Certain elements ( N, P, K ) • Nutrients • Support plant growth • Increase flowering • Increase the yield of crops and fruits • Increase soil fertility • Increase soil aeration • Increase Water holding capacity • Provide deficient elements 2/6/2021 4
  • 5. Essential Nutrients There are 17 essential nutrients which effect the growth of plants: 2/6/2021 5
  • 6. Nutrients Natural Primary Secondary Micro Nutrients Nutrients Nutrients Nutrients • Carbon • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Nitrogen • Potassium • Phosphorous • Calcium • Sodium • Sulfur • Magnesium • Copper • Molybdenum • Manganese • Cobalt • Zinc • Boron • Iron 2/6/2021 6
  • 8. Types Of Fertilizers • Single Fertilizers e.g NH4Cl, KCl, NH4NO3 • Compound Fertilizers e.g KNO3 , Mono, Di, Tri Ammonium Phosphate • Organic Fertilizers e.g Biofertilizers like Organic Manures, Composts etc. • Inorganic Fertilizers e.g Artificial and Chemical Fertilizers 2/6/2021 8
  • 9. Organic Fertilizers • These are derived from Organic sources • These can range from organic compost to cow manure • Cow manure from a conventional farm • Pesticides would not be considered organic fertilizers 2/6/2021 9
  • 10. Types of Organic Fertilizers Organic Fertilizers can b categorized into following groups: • Manures and compost • Plant manures • Plant stubble and residues • Other fertilizers 2/6/2021 10
  • 11. Animal Manure and Compost • Animal manure consists of solid and liquid feces and litter • Good quality manure is excellent source of organic nutrients • Fresh manure may be available from the livestock operations • Compost can be made from the materials such as yard waste, sawdust, manures and industrial by-products • It usually has a dark brown appearance, granular in size and has a musty smell • Commercially packed manures generally contain composted material litter. 2/6/2021 11
  • 12. Green Manures Green fertilizing is a method in which,  Plants are produced and their whole mass is turned into mass in soil  They increase the soil fertility by incorporating nutrients and organic matter in soil  Leguminous plants such as clover are often use for this 2/6/2021 12
  • 13. Plant, Stubbles and roots Residues • The roots of cultivated plants play a significant role in the maintenance of the fertility, digestion of nutrients and improving the structure of the soil. • They have a great advantage on the organic manures that they homogenously net in the soil and in this way the organic material distribution is even. 2/6/2021 13
  • 14. Other Fertilizers There are some other fertilizers which include:  Peet  Lime  Algae-Products a) Calcareous Algae b) Liquid product made of dried green and brown algae  Bacterial and Microbial Fertilizers 2/6/2021 14
  • 16. Inorganic Fertilizers • These fertilizers are made up of simple inorganic chemicals or minerals. • Inorganic Fertilizer are used to distinguish the manufactured product from natural organic material of plant and animal. Specifications • They are easy to store. • They have analysis than organic fertilizer. • They can be custom formulated for specific purpose. • Easy to apply and can be applied uniformly. • They available in liquid and solid form. • Nutrients are readily available to plant 2/6/2021 16
  • 17. Sources of Inorganic Fertilizers (majorly) Major sources of inorganic fertilizers which impart important characteristics on plant growth are:- • Nitrogen Fertilizers (N) • Phosphorous Fertilizers (P) • Potassium Fertilizers (K) These are commonly called as NPK Fertilizers. 2/6/2021 17
  • 18. Nitrogen Fertilizers • Promotes rapid vegetative growth (leaf and stems) hastening recovery after mowing and imparting vigor to the turf. • A vital element in the formation and function of chlorophyll–the key ingredient imparting dark green color. • Synthesizes amino acids which in turn form protein. • Regulates the uptake of other nutrients. • Basic ingredient of vital compounds - Nucleic acid • Commercial inorganic source include salt of ammonia and potassium. 2/6/2021 18
  • 19. Ammonium Sulfate (N- Fertilizer) • (NH4)2SO4 has been used in sugarcane and pineapple as on small farm. • It contain 21%N and 11% S. • It will lower soil pH if used continuously over long time. 2/6/2021 19
  • 20. Urea ( N-Fertilizer) • Urea is a type of nitrogen fertilizer which is white crystalline substance with the chemical formula NH2CONH2. • It is highly water soluble. • It contains 46% nitrogen Urea Manufacturing Raw material: • Amonia(NH3) • Carbon dioxide (CO2) • Reaction: • Urea is synthesized from NH3 and CO2 in two stage reaction. • Formation of ammonium carbonate. • 1.2NH3+CO2 NH2COONH4 2/6/2021 20
  • 21. Synthesis of Urea Several parts • Ammonium pumping • Carbon dioxide compression • Urea synthesis tower • Distillation tower and flash drum • Vacuum evaporator • Prilling tower 2/6/2021 21
  • 22. Phosphorous Fertilizers (P-Fertilizers) • Animal manure is a source of Phosphorus. • Commercial fertilizer are made primarily from Rock phosphate. • Other commercial form are ammonium phosphate and triple super phosphate. • They are water soluble. Ammonium Phosphate (P-Fertilizers) • Ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4 is salt ammonium and phosphate acid. • It consists of ammonium cations and ammonium anoins. • It is water soluble and aqueous solution on boiling losses ammonia. 2/6/2021 22
  • 23. Synthesis of Ammonium phosphate Raw Material:- Basis=1000Kg of Diamonium phosphate Amonium=200Kg Phosphoric=465Kg Reaction: NH3+H3PO4 NH4H2PO4 2/6/2021 23
  • 24. Potassium Fertilizers ( K-Fertilizers) • Used to replenish soil supplies. • Community fertilizer may purchase as potassium sulfate. • The nitrate firm is more expensive. • Used only for high premium crop such as vegetables and orchard plant. Potassium Chloride Fertilizers (K-Fertilizer) • Potassium chloride is well suited for rice wheat , cotton and corn. • Because of physiological acidity potassium can be used in neutral calcareous soil. • It can be used as top dressing. • Because Potassium Chloride fertilizer contain large amount of chloride, it will help to growth of seed. 2/6/2021 24
  • 27. Effects on Agriculture • Increase crop harvest yield . (from 20-37percent) • (Algae on rice increase yield from 10-45percent) • +)) Production of plant hormones. • (Phytohormones) • Protection from drought and soil borne disease. • (Aquatic cynobact),(azotobacter) 2/6/2021 27
  • 28. Effects on Environment • Ecofriendly. • Remove pollutants. • Improve soil water holding capacity. • Decrease soil erosion. • Activate soil biologically. 2/6/2021 28
  • 29. Advantages of Biofertilizers • Decompose plant residues & stabilize C:N ratio in soil • Stimulate plant growth by secreting growth hormones • Secrete antifungal and antibiotic like substances • No adverse effects on plants growth • It also produce IAA (indole acetic acid), Gibberellins, and vitamin B that catalyze the growth of crops and yields • Cheaper then the commercial fertilizers, 200 grams of solid bio- fertilizers are available in Rs.6 while liquid bio-fertilizers are available in Rs.280/liter • Can be used in paddy Crops( Rice) 2/6/2021 29
  • 30. Disadvantages of Biofertilizers • Specific to plants. • Require skills to maintain • In adequate awareness of use and benefits. • Different machinery from that of chemical fertilizers. 2/6/2021 30
  • 31. Effects of Chemical Fertilizers 2/6/2021 31
  • 32. Advantages of Chemical Fertilizers • Help in fight plant disease • Increase root growth & make plant pest resistant • It make poor soil fertile immediately • Eliminate crop rotation • Cheap & easy to use • Make nutrients available to crops 2/6/2021 32
  • 33. Disadvantages of Chemical Fertilizers • Create dead zones • Kill aquatic life • Decrease water holding capacity in soil • Increase soil erosion • Kill nitrogen supplying microbes to plants • Cause breathing problems & skin disease in farmers 2/6/2021 33