The document discusses plant density, defined as the number of individuals of a species per unit area, and its impact on crop growth and yield. It categorizes factors affecting plant density into genetic (internal) factors and environmental (abiotic and biotic) factors, such as soil and climate. Additionally, it explores crop geometry, emphasizing the importance of plant arrangement for efficient resource utilization and maximizing profitability.

1. Presentation
PLANT DENSITY
& Plant Geometry
Yahye Abdi Essa
Abdiasis Abdilahi Adam

2. Plant Density is the
number of individuals of a
given species that occur
within a given sample unit
or study area

3. It is most easily interpreted
in the case of monospecific
stands, where all plants
belong to the same species
and have germinated at the
same time. However, it
Plant
Density
is the number of individual
plants present per unit of
ground area.
could also indicate the
number of individual plants
found at a given location.

4. ORTANCE OF C.D
Plant density manipulates the microenvironment of the field.
Plant density affects the absorption and utilization of radiation, water, and
nutrients in plants.
Affects the growth, development, and yield formation of crops.

5. Factors affecting plant
density are grouped
into two.
FACTORS
AFFECTING 1. Genetic factors
2. Environmental fa
PLANT
DENSITY

6. 1. Genetic Factors
The genetic factor is also called
internal factor because the basis of
plant expression (the gene) is
located within the cell.
Plant size & shape.
Plant nature.

7. 2. Environmental factors
A. Abiotic factors
Topography
lay of the land.
Soil
Soil is the outermost layer of the
surface of the earth in which plants
grow.
Climate
Humidity
Aeration
Light
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Temperature
Moisture

8. 2. Environmental factors
B. Biotic factors
Mutualism is a species-to-species
interaction in which both the biotic factor
and the plant are benefited from the
relationship.
Herbivory plant-eating organisms called
herbivores, such as ruminant animals,
rodents (eg. Rats, squirrels), insects, and
mollusks feed on plant parts.
Parasitism Microorganisms such as fungi,
bacteria, and viruses injure crops by
causing diseases and are called
pathogens.

9. Crop Geometry
Crop geometry refers to the
shape of the space available for
individual plants or The
arrangement of the plants in
different rows and columns in an
area to utilize the natural
resources efficiently. It influences
crop yield through its influence on
light interception, rooting pattern,
and moisture extraction pattern.

10. Square
planting
Square arrangements of plants will
be more efficient in the utilization of
light, water, and nutrients available.

11. Rectangular
planting
Sowing the crop with a seed drill, wider
inter-row and closer intra-row and closer
intra-row spacing leads to rectangularity.
The rectangular arrangement facilitates
easy inter cultivation. Rectangular
planting mainly suits annual crops, crops
with closer spacing, etc., and the wider
section (row) is given for irrigation,
intercultural operation, etc.

12. Triangular
planting
It is a method to
accommodate plant
density under
perennial/tree crops.

13. Miscellaneous
planting
Crops are sown with seed
drills in two directions to
accommodate more number
of plants and mainly to reduce
weed population.

14. IMPORTANCE OF C.G
Maximum utilization of resources
Knowledge of plant arrangement.
Proper field management.
Increase in farm profitability.

15. THANK YOU