About textile industries

1. TEXTILE INDUSTRIES
V.VYBHAVA LAKSHMI
¾ CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
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2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION ABOUTTEXTILE INDUSTRY
• TEXTILE INDUSTRY ORGANISATION
• RAW MATERIAL
• MANUFACTURE OF NATURAL FIBER
• MANUFACTURE OF SYNTHETIC FIBER
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3. INTRODUCTION
• The term 'Textile' is a Latin word originating from the word 'texere' which means 'to
weave' Textile refers to a flexible material comprising of a network of natural or
artificial fibers known as yarn. Textiles are formed by weaving , knitting, crocheting,
knotting and pressing fibers together.
• The textile industry in India traditionally, after agriculture, is the only industry
that has generated huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labour in
textiles. The textile industry continues to be the second-largest employment
generating sector in India. It offers direct employment to over 35 million in the
country.
• India is the largest producer of jute in the world. India is second in global
textile manufacturing and also second in silk and cotton production.
• The share of textile and clothing in India’s total exports stands at 12.4% in
2018.
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4. TEXTILE INDUSTRY ORGANISATION
• The textile industries comprises of three individual units .
• They are: 1)Textile mills
2)Textile product mills
3) Apparel manufacturing
1)Textile mills:
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5. • Textile mills provide raw material to the product mills and apparel
manufactures to make textile products.
2)Textile product mills:
These mills convert raw material into finished products other than
apparel like household items ,furniture ,towels ,rugs ,carpets ,automotive
upholstery ,firehoses.
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6. 3) Apparel manufacturing:
These units convert fabrics produced by textile manufacturers into clothing
and accessories
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7. RAW MATERIAL OFTEXTILE
Raw material of to make a cloth are as follows:
• Fibre
• Yarn
• Fabric
• Dyes
• Chemicals and auxiliaries
Fibre :
Fibre is considered as the smallest visible unit of textile production.It is defined as a hair like strand that is very small in
diameter in relation to its length.
Fibre is classified into two types
1) Natural Fibres – derived from nature
Examples : cotton ,silk ,wool ,jute
2) Synthetic Fibres – manually produced
Examples : polyester ,acrylic ,nylon
Yarn :
Long continuous threads that can be directly woven into fabric.
Yarn is made by the process called spinning.
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8. • In olden days spinning is done by the equipment named charkha
• But now modern equipment like spinning machines are used which made
the whole process easier.
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Spinning machine
yarn

9. • Fabric :
• Fabric is made by weaving the yarn.
Fabric is constructed by different processes like weaving ,knitting ,crocheting ,
knotting
Weaving is done with the help of looms.
Loom is not a machine but is a device that is used to produce woven fabric Looms are
basically two types .They are:
1) Handlooms
2) Power looms
Handloom :
It is powered by hand. It is the first and oldest loom. In the case of handloom ,the
warp yarn passes through a heddle and space between the shed . Here the shuttle is
used for the insertion of the pick.
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10. 10
Handloom
Handloom is five types .The types are:
1) Verticle r primitive loom
2) Pit loom
3) Frame loom
4) Hattersley loom
5) Chittaranjan loom

11. • Power loom:
Power loom is a mechanised loom. The first power loom was designed in
1786.Power loom is again classified into three types . They are:
1)Ordinary power loom
2)Modern loom/ shuttle less loom
3)Automatic power loom
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12. • Dyes :
Dye is a complex compound containing chromophore and auxochrome. It is
necessary to know which dyes have an affinity for the natural or man made
fibres to select the proper dye for a fibre . Different types of dyes are used in
textile industries as raw materials are as follows-
• Basic dyes –These are water soluble , mainly applied to acrylic fibres.
• Acid dyes – Used to dye wool ,silk ,etc.
• Mordant dyes – Acid dye containing inorganic oxide which fixes the colour
to the textile.
• Substantive direct dyes –These work on high content of fibrous cellulose.
• Developed dyes –These dyes change their colour when they are treated
with developing solution
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13. • Azoic direct dye –These can be applied to all types of fabrics directly.
• Disperse dye –This dye is applied for polyester and other hydrophobic
fibres.
• Vat dyes –These are water insoluble , used particularly on cellulose fibres.
• Pigment dye –These dyes are organic and inorganic materials.They are
fixed on textile material using binding agents.
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14. • Chemicals and auxiliaries : -
Auxiliaries are formulated chemicals which enables a processing
operation in dyeing to be carried out more effectively .These chemicals
and auxiliaries include the following.
• Whitening agent – Give whitening effect to the fabrics.
• Wetting – Reduces surface tension of the liquid and allow easier
spreading.
• Fixing – It is done after dyeing . Improves colour fastness.
• Detergent – applying detergent removes sizing particles and oil from
fabrics.
• Stiffening – Stiffness of fabrics is increased by adding these agents.
• Water proofing – Prevents absorption of liquid.
• De – foaming – It is done to eliminate foam.
• Enzyme wash –This breaks surface cellulose fibres of fabrics and
removes them during washing.
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15. • Caustic soda – increases the strength,lustre and dye affinity of fabric.
• Soda ash – Increases pH of fabric so that they can better absorb the dye
results in brighter and longer lasting colours.
• Acetic acid – For disinfecting.
• Oxalic acid – Used for removal of ink stains and mordant
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16. MANUFACTURE OF NATURAL FIBRE
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COTTON
PICKER
MODULE
PROCESSING
PLANT
DEBRIS
REMOVA
L
FEEDE
R
DISPENSER
CONVEYO
R BELT
HOT BOX
WAD
BUSTE
R
STEADY
FLOW
2
PROCESSIN
G LINES
BURR
MACHINES
NETWORK
OF PIPES
GIN
STANDS
PACKAGING

17. MANUFACTURE OF SYNTHETIC FIBRE
PLASTIC
BOTTLES
SHREDDING INDUSTRIES
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SORTING
BATH
CORROSIVE
NaOH
OVENS
ROTATING
DRUMS
(10 HRS)
ROTATING
SCREWS
SIEVE
STRINS
IN
CONTAI
NER
HEATED
SEVERAL
TIMES
TEAR IT
APART
AGIAN

18. FLUFF
BAILED UP
SCRAPPED
INTO CLOTH
CARDING SPINNNING
BOBBINS LOOM
TEXTILE
IS
SOTENED
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19. THANKYOU
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