Chandigarh is a planned city in India that serves as the capital of Punjab and Haryana. It was designed by Le Corbusier in the 1950s as a modernist experiment in urban planning. Some key points: - Le Corbusier divided the city into sectors separated by roads in a grid pattern. Each sector was designed to be self-sufficient with amenities like schools and shops. - The city has distinct zones for living, working, recreation and government functions. Major landmarks include the Capitol Complex, City Center and Leisure Valley park. - Sustainable design principles were used like solar orientation of buildings, hierarchy of green spaces and separation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic. However

1. CHANDIGAR
H- “THE CITY
BEAUTIFUL”

2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO CHANDIGARH
CHANDIGARH is a City and a UNION
TERRITORY in the Northern part of India
that serves as the capital of the states of
PUNJAB and HARYANA.
CHANDIGARH, the Dream city of
India’s first PM, Pt.Jawaharlal Nehru
was planned by the legendary
architect LE CORBUSIER.

3. GEORAPHICAL LOCATION & LINKAGES
SHIVALIK
HILL RANGES
SUKHNA
CHOE
PATIALA-
KI-RAO
It is located on the border
of Punjab & Haryana.

4. Area 114 sq kms
Longitude 760 47' 14E
Latitude 300 44' 14N
Altitude
304-365 meters above MSL with
1% drainage gradient
Annual Rainfall
(average)
1110.7 mm
Monsoon July-September
Prevalent Winds
From the North West to South
East in Winter and reverse in
Summer
Original survey plan of the proposed
Chandigarh.
CLIMATE AND DEMOGRAPHY
Chandigarh was planned for a population of half-a-
million. Demographic data indicate that between 1961
and 1971, the population increased by 144.59%,one of
the highest for urban areas in India. According to 1981
census, it grew by another 75.55 percent, followed by
42.16 percent in 1991 and by 40.33 per cent in 2001
(with a total population of 9,00,635).

5. HISTORY
INDIA DURING PARTITION
•After the loss of Lahore, the idea of building a new capital for the Indian part of Punjab took
form in 1948.
•Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru said “Let this be a new town, symbolic of freedom of India
unfettered by the traditions of the past….. an expression of the nation’s faith in the future”.
The city is a product of Nehru’s vision.
A need for the capital
Rehabilitating refugees
A centre for governance
A rich cultural legacy like Lahore
A vision of the future

6. SITE SELECTION
• The present site was selected in 1948 taking into account various attributes such as
 Central location in the state
 proximity to the national capital
 availability of sufficient water supply
 fertile of soil
 gradient of land for natural drainage
 beautiful site with the panorama of blue hills as backdrop
 moderate climate.
 The site was the sub mountainous area of the Ambala district about 150 miles north of New
Delhi.
 The area was a flat, gentle sloping plain of agriculture land consisting of 59 villages.
SITE SELECTION

7. B
D
C
C
E
A
F
PLANNER:
ALBERT MAYER: THE MASTER PLAN
BY: MATHEW NOWICKI
A- APARTMENT HOUSING
B-LOW RISE HOUSING
C-SCHOOLS
D-TEMPLE
E –OUTDOOR THEATRE
F -BAZAR
• Fan shaped master plan
• Spreads gently to fill the site between
the two river beds
• A curving network of main roads
surrounds the residential blocks
• 2 axial routes bordered by linear
parks connected the zones.
• The overall pattern avoids the
geometric grid in favor of a loosely
curving system

8. Novicki was tragically killed in an air accident and Mayer decided to discontinue.
Thereafter, the work was assigned to a team of architects led by Charles Eduard
Jeanneret better known as Le Corbusier in 1951.
He was assisted by three senior architects, Maxwell Fry, his wife Jane B Drew and
Corbusier’s cousin, Pierre Jeanneret.
Le Corbusier Pierre Jeanneret Maxwell Fry Jane B. Drew

9. LE CORBUSIER CONCEPT
• BASIC PLANNING CONCEPTS
• The city plan was conceived as post war
‘garden city’ wherein vertical and high rise
buildings were ruled out, keeping in view
the living habits of the people.
• Le modular system
• Analogous to human body
– HEAD : capital (place of power)
– HEART : the city centre
– STOMACH :the commercial area
– ARMS :university and industrial
zone
– LUNGS : leisure valley, open spaces
– ARTERIES : network of roads

10. The Master plan prepared by Le Corbusier was
broadly similar to the one prepared by the team of
planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki
except that the shape of the city plan was modified
from one with a curving road network to
rectangular shape with a grid iron pattern for the
fast traffic roads, besides reducing its area for
reason of economy.

11. LE CORBUSIER PLANNING STRATEGIES
• Planned with focus on
urban design ,
architectural aesthetics ,
preservation of natural
environment ,
conservation of
buildings and open
spaces , hierarchical
road network
• Divided the human
functions into
circulation , living ,
working , care body
and spirit with strict
zoning
• City planning was
against the traditional
indian cities
• Replaced the native
indian town plan into
superblocks

12. SITE PLAN

13. CIRCULATION
•An integrated system of seven road
types
V1 : fast roads connecting chandigarh
to other towns
V2 : arterial roads
V3 :fast vehicular roads
V4 : MEANDERING SHOPPING STREETS
V5 :SECTOR CIRCULATION ROADS
V6 : ACCESS ROADS TO HOUSES
V7 : FOOTPATHS AND CYCLE TRACKS
`
corbusiers conceptual sketch showing the v-road system
BUSES WILL PLY ONLY ON V1, V2, V3 AND V4
ROADS
•Pathways for cyclists
•Roads intersected at right angles forming a
grid
•Hierarchy of movement
•Residential areas segregated from the traffic

15. LIVING
• 'The functions of living
occupies primary place.
• Le corbusier planned that
every dwelling should have
three elements of sun, space
and greenery.
• The housing in the city can
be sub-divided into two
parts-
– Government housing
– private housing.
GOVERNMENT HOUSING
PRIVATE HOUSE-CONTROLLED DEVELOPMENT

16. THE SECTOR
• The primary module of the city ‘s
design is a sector , neighborhood
unit of size 800mtrs×1200mtrs
• Each sector is a self sufficient unit
having shops ,school , health
centers and places of recreations
and worship
• The population of a sector varies
between 3000and 2000 depending
upon the sizes of plots and the
topography of the area
• Convenient walking distance for
social services like schools and
shopping centers

17. •• The basic planning of the city is a
sector
• to accommodate 3,000 to 25,000
persons
• 30 sectors in chandigarh
• 24 are residential
• The sectors surrounded by high
speed roads
• Bus stops every 400m
• The main principle of the sector is
that never a door will open on the
surrounding of fast vehicular road
• The size of the sector is based on
the concept of no pedestrian need to
walk for more than 10min.

18. PRINCIPLES OF URBAN DESIGN
• Convenient walking distance for
special services like schools and
shopping centers.
• Street system
• Major roads should not pass through
residential neighborhood.
• Internal road pattern should
encourage quite , safe, low volume
traffic movement.
• Facilities
• Orderly arrangement of facilities
which would be shared common by
the residents
• A unit having shops , school , health
centers and places of recreations and
worships.
• These sectors varies depending upon
the size and the topography of the
area.

19. THE BASIC BUILDING
TYPOLOGY IS OBSERVED
AS EXTEMELY
RECTILINEAR WITH
SIMILAR PROPORTIONS.
IN BOTH THE
DEVELOPMENTS THE
SMALLER INDIVIDUAL
RESIDENTIAL UNITS ARE
ARRANGED AROUND
CENTRAL COMMON
GREEN SPACES,
ALTHOUGH THE SHAPES
ARE DIFFERENT.
BUILDING TYPOLOGY

20. WORKING
Chandigarh has four
Main work centers
– The capitol complex in the north-
east
– The educational institutes in the
north-west
– The city centre in the heart
– The industrial area in the south-
east

21. THE CAPITOL COMPLEX
• Based on the design of a grate
cross axis.
• The artificial hills in the front
of the secretariat have not been
created and laid out in
accordance with le corbusier’s
conceptions.
• Designed as the great
pedestrain plaza with motor
traffic seperated into suken
trenches leading to parking
areas.
• Consists of
– Parliament
– Secretariat
– Governor’s palace
– High court
– Truncated pyramid
– Monument for the victims
– Open hand

23. HEART – THE CITY CENTER SECTOR 17
The central sector of the city, sector 17, is
the main public congregation area of the
city.
It houses all major shopping complexes,
sports facilities and congregation spaces.

24. CARE OF BODY & SPIRIT
• GARDEN CITY
• It includes
– Rose garden
– Sukhna lake
– Rock garden
– Landscaping
– Leisure valley

25. HIERARCHY OF GREEN SPACES
1. City Level Public Green
Space with Artificial
Water Body
2. Free- Flowing Green
Space, connecting the
entire site
3. Semi-Private Green
Areas for
neighborhood pockets
4. Private Green Areas
for Residential Units
A Hierarchy of Green
Spaces can be observed
in both the layout
ranging from Public
Greens at City Level to
Semi-Private to Private
Green Areas.

26. The city landscape plan of the first
phases showing the leisure valley and
the swaths of green
Spaces that also acts as flood control.
A green sprawling space extending north – east to
south – west along a seasonal rivulet gradient and
was conceived by Le Corbusier as the “lungs” of
the city.
This valley houses series of fitness trails ,
amphitheatre and spaces for open
Air exhibition.

27. LEISURE VALLEY
• A green sprawling space
extending north-east to south-
west along a seasonal riverlet
gradient.
• Conceived by le corbusier as
the lungs of the city.
• Houses the series of fitness
trails, amphitheatre and spaces
for open air exhibition.
• Rock garden designed in 1957
by nek chand.

28. CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS
• Sun path during various seasons was
studied.
• Rise of sunbreakers(new version of
sunshades/ chajjas).
• Later honeycomb brick jalis were
introduced.
• Building orientations were made sun
freindly.
• Facades designed to keep sun out in
summer and admit it in winters.
• Compactness through close spacing
of buildings known as terrace
housing.
• Light and air is drawn through front
and rear of the buildings.
• Buildings have greater depth and
narrow frontage.

29. SERIES OF DEVELOPMENT
LAYER 1(SECTORS)
•Divided in sectors
Industrial
Residential
Public
LAYER 2 (ROAD PATTERN)
•Transport interchange nodes
•Road connectivity
•Division of spaces

30. LAYER 3
• Railway station
• International airport
LAYER 4 (PERIPHERAL)
• land for industries
• distributive trade
•Transport routes

31. LAYER 5 (AGRICULTURAL)
• New development nodes identified
• 8km agricultural belt was created ( to prevent
unregulated development around the master plan)
•The belt was built for planned future extension of
the city.
LAYER 6 (STATE)
• Other city nodes identified for development

32. PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT
Drawing showing realization of first phase of chandigarh from 1951-1966
1. Inspecting the site 1951
2. Building roads, 1951
3. Minister’s bungalow, sec-2, 1956
4. Nursery school , sec-16, 1956
1. Town hall and state library, sec-17, 1961
2. Polytechnique for men , sec-26 ,1961
3. Gandhi bhawan , sec-14, 1966
4. Administration buildings, sec-14, 1966.
1951 1956 1961 1966

34. LANDMARKS

35. DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES
Governor's palace was supposed to be in the site but the idea was abandoned

36. • First modern architecture of indian
city planning
• Each sector satisfies the necessities
of human needs
• Separate roads for pedestrian
,bicycle and heavy vehicles
• Open spaces in front shopping
centers
• Buildings designed as triple storied
shop cum flats
• Shop son ground floor
• Residence on upper floor
• Continuous verandah in front of
the shop
• Shop protected from rain and sun
• As a covered walkway for the
customers
POSITIVE
• Roads being similar to each other
create confusion
• Brutal concrete gives a rough look
• City not planned for lower income
people
NEGATIVES

37. THANKYOU!!