Inflammatory Bowel Disease(IBD).
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
5 likes•2,220 views
definition,types of ibd,etiology,epidemology,lab investigations,anatomy and physiology,clinical manifestations,treatment,life style modifications
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Peptic ulcer disease
The document defines peptic ulcer disease as erosion of the GI mucosa from HCL acid and pepsin. Common sites are the lower esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, smoking, NSAIDs, and stress. Symptoms include epigastric pain, nausea, and tarry stools. Diagnosis involves endoscopy, blood tests, and breath tests for H. pylori. Treatment focuses on reducing acid with PPIs and antibiotics for H. pylori infection. Surgery may be needed for complications like bleeding or perforation. Long term management involves lifestyle changes and continued medication use.
inflammatory bowel disease
This document discusses inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. IBD is characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown etiology. Ulcerative colitis only affects the large intestine, while Crohn's disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and causes transmural inflammation. Both involve periods of disease activity and remission. Common symptoms include abdominal pain and diarrhea. Treatment involves dietary changes, medications like aminosalicylates and immunosuppressants, and sometimes surgery.
Inflammatory bowel disease
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two major types of inflammatory bowel disease. Ulcerative colitis only involves the colon while Crohn's disease can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Both diseases involve chronic inflammation and can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves blood tests, endoscopy, imaging, and biopsy. Treatments include medications to reduce inflammation like 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and biological therapies. Surgery may be required for complications or drug-resistant disease.
Irritable bowel syndrome (ibs)
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort associated with changes in bowel habits. IBS has no identifiable organic cause and is diagnosed based on symptom criteria. While IBS negatively impacts quality of life, it does not increase risk of serious disease or mortality. Potential contributing factors include abnormal gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, disturbed pain processing, and psychiatric comorbidities like anxiety and depression. Differential diagnoses that require exclusion include inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and colon cancer. All IBS patients should undergo basic blood tests and stool tests to rule out other conditions.
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the rectum and colon. Common symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, and weight loss. Tests used to diagnose include physical exam, medical history, blood tests, and stool samples. While the specific cause is unknown, genetic and environmental factors may play a role. Treatment often involves medications like mesalazine which reduce inflammation. The disease course varies depending on extent of involvement, with limited disease usually having a milder course.
Alcoholic liver disease [autosaved]
Alcoholic liver disease is caused by overconsumption of alcohol which damages the liver. It ranges from fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Symptoms vary depending on the stage of disease. Diagnosis involves liver function tests, imaging and biopsy. Complications include portal hypertension, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment focuses on abstinence from alcohol, nutrition supplementation to address deficiencies, medications for complications, and liver transplantation in severe cases.
Irritable bowel syndrome
This document provides information on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, investigations, treatment, and prognosis. IBS is a functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and altered bowel movements in the absence of structural abnormalities. It has a prevalence of 1-20% worldwide and is more common in women. The cause is uncertain but may involve GI motor abnormalities, visceral hypersensitivity, brain-gut axis dysregulation, and abnormal psychology. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and ruling out other diseases. Treatment involves diet modification, pharmacotherapy including antispasmodics, antidepressants, and probiotics, as well as psychological therapies like CBT.
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn's can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and is characterized by transmural inflammation and granulomas. Ulcerative colitis only affects the colon and causes superficial ulcers. Both conditions are diagnosed based on symptoms, endoscopic findings, and histology. Treatment involves medications to induce and maintain remission as well as surgery for complications.
Recommended
Peptic ulcer disease
The document defines peptic ulcer disease as erosion of the GI mucosa from HCL acid and pepsin. Common sites are the lower esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, smoking, NSAIDs, and stress. Symptoms include epigastric pain, nausea, and tarry stools. Diagnosis involves endoscopy, blood tests, and breath tests for H. pylori. Treatment focuses on reducing acid with PPIs and antibiotics for H. pylori infection. Surgery may be needed for complications like bleeding or perforation. Long term management involves lifestyle changes and continued medication use.
inflammatory bowel disease
This document discusses inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. IBD is characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown etiology. Ulcerative colitis only affects the large intestine, while Crohn's disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and causes transmural inflammation. Both involve periods of disease activity and remission. Common symptoms include abdominal pain and diarrhea. Treatment involves dietary changes, medications like aminosalicylates and immunosuppressants, and sometimes surgery.
Inflammatory bowel disease
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the two major types of inflammatory bowel disease. Ulcerative colitis only involves the colon while Crohn's disease can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Both diseases involve chronic inflammation and can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves blood tests, endoscopy, imaging, and biopsy. Treatments include medications to reduce inflammation like 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and biological therapies. Surgery may be required for complications or drug-resistant disease.
Irritable bowel syndrome (ibs)
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort associated with changes in bowel habits. IBS has no identifiable organic cause and is diagnosed based on symptom criteria. While IBS negatively impacts quality of life, it does not increase risk of serious disease or mortality. Potential contributing factors include abnormal gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, disturbed pain processing, and psychiatric comorbidities like anxiety and depression. Differential diagnoses that require exclusion include inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and colon cancer. All IBS patients should undergo basic blood tests and stool tests to rule out other conditions.
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the rectum and colon. Common symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue, and weight loss. Tests used to diagnose include physical exam, medical history, blood tests, and stool samples. While the specific cause is unknown, genetic and environmental factors may play a role. Treatment often involves medications like mesalazine which reduce inflammation. The disease course varies depending on extent of involvement, with limited disease usually having a milder course.
Alcoholic liver disease [autosaved]
Alcoholic liver disease is caused by overconsumption of alcohol which damages the liver. It ranges from fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Symptoms vary depending on the stage of disease. Diagnosis involves liver function tests, imaging and biopsy. Complications include portal hypertension, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy. Treatment focuses on abstinence from alcohol, nutrition supplementation to address deficiencies, medications for complications, and liver transplantation in severe cases.
Irritable bowel syndrome
This document provides information on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, investigations, treatment, and prognosis. IBS is a functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort and altered bowel movements in the absence of structural abnormalities. It has a prevalence of 1-20% worldwide and is more common in women. The cause is uncertain but may involve GI motor abnormalities, visceral hypersensitivity, brain-gut axis dysregulation, and abnormal psychology. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and ruling out other diseases. Treatment involves diet modification, pharmacotherapy including antispasmodics, antidepressants, and probiotics, as well as psychological therapies like CBT.
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn's can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and is characterized by transmural inflammation and granulomas. Ulcerative colitis only affects the colon and causes superficial ulcers. Both conditions are diagnosed based on symptoms, endoscopic findings, and histology. Treatment involves medications to induce and maintain remission as well as surgery for complications.
Inflamatory bowel disease, IBD
1) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown cause.
2) Crohn's disease can affect any part of the GI tract and causes granulomatous inflammation, while ulcerative colitis causes non-granulomatous inflammation of the rectum and colon.
3) Symptoms of IBD include diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, weight loss, and malnutrition. Diagnostic tests include endoscopy, colonoscopy, imaging, and lab tests.
4) Treatment involves medications to reduce inflammation like aminosal
Ulcerative Colitis (IBD)
This document provides information about ulcerative colitis (UC), including:
- UC is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that affects only the large intestine. It causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the intestine.
- Symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and frequent bowel movements. The disease involves periods of remission and flares of symptoms.
- UC is diagnosed through patient history, physical exam, lab tests, endoscopy, and biopsy of the intestine. Treatment aims to induce and maintain remission of symptoms and includes mesalamine, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and surgery in severe cases.
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon. It involves diffuse inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa. The cause is unknown but likely related to genetic and immune factors. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea. Diagnosis involves colonoscopy and biopsy. Treatment involves medications to induce and maintain remission such as mesalamine, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologics. Surgery may be required for severe cases or cancer prevention. Long-term monitoring is needed due to cancer risk.
Ulcerative colitis
This document outlines ulcerative colitis (UC), an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease that involves the colonic mucosa. It commonly affects the rectum and may extend proximally in a continuous pattern. UC is characterized by relapsing and remitting inflammation. The document discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, severity indices, and medical and surgical management approaches for UC. Key points include that UC has a bimodal age of onset, involves the colonic mucosa continuously from the rectum up, and is managed primarily through aminosalicylates and immunosuppressants with surgery reserved for severe cases unresponsive to medical therapy.
Acute leukemias
Acute leukemias are cancers of the blood and bone marrow characterized by an overproduction of immature white blood cells. There are two main types: acute myeloid leukemia (AML) involving myeloid cells, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) involving lymphoblasts. AML and ALL are classified according to cell morphology, immunophenotyping, genetics, and other lab findings. Common symptoms include fatigue, bleeding, and infections due to low blood cell counts. The document discusses the definitions, types, causes, diagnostic criteria, and clinical manifestations of acute leukemias.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as hepatic steatosis without significant alcohol consumption or other known liver diseases. It includes nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) characterized by hepatic fat accumulation without inflammation or fibrosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by fat accumulation with inflammation and hepatocyte injury. NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle interventions including weight loss and exercise are recommended first-line treatment, while pioglitazone and vitamin E may improve liver histology in non-diabetic adults with NASH. Liver biopsy is needed to distinguish NASH from NAFL and assess fibrosis to guide management.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
This document provides an overview of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specifically Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It defines IBD as a chronic immune-mediated inflammation of the bowel. Crohn's disease causes focal, asymmetrical, and transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Ulcerative colitis only affects the colon. Both diseases are treated with medications like steroids, immunomodulators, and biologics. Surgery may be required for complications or if medical management is unsuccessful. Regular colon cancer screening is also recommended for patients due to their increased risk.
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
The document discusses the complications of diabetes mellitus, including both acute and chronic complications. Acute complications involve alterations in blood sugar levels, leading to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia events like diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome. Chronic complications affect the macrovasculature (large blood vessels) like atherosclerosis, and the microvasculature (small blood vessels) of tissues like the eyes and kidneys. Precise management of blood sugar levels can help prevent both acute and chronic complications of diabetes.
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes recurring episodes of inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the colon. The main symptoms are diarrhea mixed with blood, abdominal pain, and urgency. Disease severity can range from mild with a few daily bowel movements to severe with over 10 bloody stools per day and systemic toxicity. Long-term risks include colon cancer, especially with pancolitis extending throughout the entire colon. Treatment aims to induce and maintain remission through medications, with surgery as a last resort for severe cases or cancer prevention.
Lab diagnosis autoimmune disease
This document discusses autoimmune diseases and provides an overview of key concepts. It covers mechanisms of autoimmunity like central and peripheral tolerance. It also discusses theories of autoimmunity such as susceptibility genes and environmental triggers. The document then describes the spectrum of autoimmune disorders including organ-specific and systemic diseases. It concludes by noting the diagnostic problems associated with autoimmune diseases.
ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE
Scientist Ebiweni James gave a seminar on alcoholic liver disease to the Department of Histopathology at the Federal Medical Centre in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The seminar covered the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, types (steatosis, hepatitis, cirrhosis), risk factors, signs and symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, and recommendations regarding alcoholic liver disease. Alcoholic liver disease ranges from fatty liver to cirrhosis and is dependent on the volume and duration of alcohol consumption, with heavy drinking over 10-20 years often required to develop cirrhosis. The likelihood of developing alcoholic liver disease is largely determined by the amount and duration of heavy alcohol use.
Peptic ulcer disease
Peptic ulcer disease involves breaks in the mucosal lining of the stomach or duodenum that penetrate through the muscular layer. The most common causes are infection with H. pylori bacteria and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves endoscopy to visualize the ulcers. Treatment involves antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori, proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid secretion, and avoidance of NSAIDs. Surgery is reserved for complications or treatment failure.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. The main symptoms are cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea and constipation. IBS has three subtypes based on predominant stool pattern: IBS with constipation, IBS with diarrhea, or IBS with mixed bowel habits. While the exact cause is uncertain, IBS involves abnormalities in gut motility and visceral sensitivity. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications to manage symptoms based on IBS subtype.
alcoholoc liver disease
Alcohol consumption can lead to various liver diseases known as alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Chronic heavy drinking is responsible for 50% of chronic liver disease cases in India. Symptoms of ALD may not appear until the disease is advanced and include fatigue, abdominal swelling and pain, and jaundice. Alcohol is metabolized in the liver, producing reactive oxygen species that can cause oxidative stress, fatty liver, inflammation, fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis over many years. Diagnosis involves assessing drinking history, symptoms, lab tests and biopsy. Treatment focuses on abstaining from alcohol. Corticosteroids and antioxidants may help in some cases. Liver transplantation is an option for end-stage ALD but is not usually recommended for
IBS
This document provides an overview of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), including its definition, prevalence, demographics, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, severity assessment, management, and prognosis. Some key points are:
- IBS is a functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated with changes in bowel habits. It predominantly affects those aged 15-65 and is more common in women.
- The pathophysiology involves altered gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal gas handling, low-grade inflammation, food sensitivities, abnormal gut microbiota, and central nervous system dysregulation.
- Diagnosis is based on symptoms meeting certain criteria and exclusion of organic diseases. Management focuses on
Inflammatory bowel disease
This document discusses inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specifically Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It defines IBD as a group of conditions that cause inflammation of the digestive tract, and notes the two major types are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Crohn's disease can impact any part of the digestive tract and often spreads deep into tissues, while ulcerative colitis exclusively impacts the innermost lining of the large intestine and rectum. Symptoms for both include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss and more. While causes are unknown, it is believed to involve defects in the immune system. Diagnosis involves blood tests, stool samples, imaging and endoscopy. Treatment depends on the severity but may include
Zollinger ellison syndrome
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by severe peptic ulcers, gastric acid hypersecretion, and a neuroendocrine tumor that secretes high amounts of gastrin. This excessive gastric acid causes ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, leading to diarrhea, steatorrhea, and poor response to standard ulcer treatments. Diagnosis involves finding elevated gastrin levels and localizing the gastrin-secreting tumor through imaging tests. Treatment consists of surgery to remove a single localized tumor when possible, or medications like PPIs and octreotide to reduce acid secretion and gastrin levels when the tumor is not resectable.
Liver pathology & Disease condition
This document provides information on liver pathology and disease. It begins with the anatomy and functions of the liver. It then discusses various liver diseases including hepatic injury, cirrhosis, hepatitis, and tumors. It also provides in-depth descriptions of jaundice, portal hypertension, and hepatic encephalopathy - discussing their causes, signs/symptoms, investigations, and treatments. The document is an informative overview of liver conditions and diseases.
IBD
This document discusses the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It defines the diseases, describes their classification systems and severity indices. It covers epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic testing and differential diagnoses. Treatment strategies are outlined for induction and maintenance of remission for mild to severe ulcerative colitis. Management of Crohn's disease is discussed including medications such as aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biologics and their monitoring. Surgical options are also summarized.
Pathology cell injury i
The document discusses cell injury and cell death. It explains that cells have a normal steady state of homeostasis but stress can force cells to adapt or become injured if the stress exceeds their capacity. Cell injury can be reversible or irreversible and leads to cell death if irreversible. Key systems vulnerable to injury are membranes, respiration, protein synthesis and the genetic apparatus. Causes of injury include hypoxia, toxins, infections and more. Reversible injury disrupts mitochondria while irreversible injury causes mitochondrial and lysosomal damage leading to cell death.
Inflammatory bowel disease,
This document provides an overview of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It defines IBD as an idiopathic inflammatory intestinal disease resulting from inappropriate immune activation to intestinal microflora. The two main types of IBD are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The document discusses the history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, complications, management, and ongoing research of IBD.
IBD - irritated?
The document discusses mesalazine (mesalamine), a medication used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It notes that mesalazine works locally in the gut to reduce inflammation and induce remissions in mild to moderate cases of IBD. While it has few side effects and is relatively inexpensive, mesalazine is not effective for severe disease and may not maintain remission after steroids. The document provides an overview of mesalazine's mechanisms of action and efficacy compared to placebo.
More Related Content
What's hot
Inflamatory bowel disease, IBD
1) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown cause.
2) Crohn's disease can affect any part of the GI tract and causes granulomatous inflammation, while ulcerative colitis causes non-granulomatous inflammation of the rectum and colon.
3) Symptoms of IBD include diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, weight loss, and malnutrition. Diagnostic tests include endoscopy, colonoscopy, imaging, and lab tests.
4) Treatment involves medications to reduce inflammation like aminosal
Ulcerative Colitis (IBD)
This document provides information about ulcerative colitis (UC), including:
- UC is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that affects only the large intestine. It causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the intestine.
- Symptoms include bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and frequent bowel movements. The disease involves periods of remission and flares of symptoms.
- UC is diagnosed through patient history, physical exam, lab tests, endoscopy, and biopsy of the intestine. Treatment aims to induce and maintain remission of symptoms and includes mesalamine, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and surgery in severe cases.
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon. It involves diffuse inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa. The cause is unknown but likely related to genetic and immune factors. Symptoms include bloody diarrhea. Diagnosis involves colonoscopy and biopsy. Treatment involves medications to induce and maintain remission such as mesalamine, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologics. Surgery may be required for severe cases or cancer prevention. Long-term monitoring is needed due to cancer risk.
Ulcerative colitis
This document outlines ulcerative colitis (UC), an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease that involves the colonic mucosa. It commonly affects the rectum and may extend proximally in a continuous pattern. UC is characterized by relapsing and remitting inflammation. The document discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, severity indices, and medical and surgical management approaches for UC. Key points include that UC has a bimodal age of onset, involves the colonic mucosa continuously from the rectum up, and is managed primarily through aminosalicylates and immunosuppressants with surgery reserved for severe cases unresponsive to medical therapy.
Acute leukemias
Acute leukemias are cancers of the blood and bone marrow characterized by an overproduction of immature white blood cells. There are two main types: acute myeloid leukemia (AML) involving myeloid cells, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) involving lymphoblasts. AML and ALL are classified according to cell morphology, immunophenotyping, genetics, and other lab findings. Common symptoms include fatigue, bleeding, and infections due to low blood cell counts. The document discusses the definitions, types, causes, diagnostic criteria, and clinical manifestations of acute leukemias.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as hepatic steatosis without significant alcohol consumption or other known liver diseases. It includes nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) characterized by hepatic fat accumulation without inflammation or fibrosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by fat accumulation with inflammation and hepatocyte injury. NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle interventions including weight loss and exercise are recommended first-line treatment, while pioglitazone and vitamin E may improve liver histology in non-diabetic adults with NASH. Liver biopsy is needed to distinguish NASH from NAFL and assess fibrosis to guide management.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
This document provides an overview of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specifically Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It defines IBD as a chronic immune-mediated inflammation of the bowel. Crohn's disease causes focal, asymmetrical, and transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Ulcerative colitis only affects the colon. Both diseases are treated with medications like steroids, immunomodulators, and biologics. Surgery may be required for complications or if medical management is unsuccessful. Regular colon cancer screening is also recommended for patients due to their increased risk.
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
The document discusses the complications of diabetes mellitus, including both acute and chronic complications. Acute complications involve alterations in blood sugar levels, leading to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia events like diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome. Chronic complications affect the macrovasculature (large blood vessels) like atherosclerosis, and the microvasculature (small blood vessels) of tissues like the eyes and kidneys. Precise management of blood sugar levels can help prevent both acute and chronic complications of diabetes.
Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that causes recurring episodes of inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the colon. The main symptoms are diarrhea mixed with blood, abdominal pain, and urgency. Disease severity can range from mild with a few daily bowel movements to severe with over 10 bloody stools per day and systemic toxicity. Long-term risks include colon cancer, especially with pancolitis extending throughout the entire colon. Treatment aims to induce and maintain remission through medications, with surgery as a last resort for severe cases or cancer prevention.
Lab diagnosis autoimmune disease
This document discusses autoimmune diseases and provides an overview of key concepts. It covers mechanisms of autoimmunity like central and peripheral tolerance. It also discusses theories of autoimmunity such as susceptibility genes and environmental triggers. The document then describes the spectrum of autoimmune disorders including organ-specific and systemic diseases. It concludes by noting the diagnostic problems associated with autoimmune diseases.
ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE
Scientist Ebiweni James gave a seminar on alcoholic liver disease to the Department of Histopathology at the Federal Medical Centre in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The seminar covered the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, types (steatosis, hepatitis, cirrhosis), risk factors, signs and symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, and recommendations regarding alcoholic liver disease. Alcoholic liver disease ranges from fatty liver to cirrhosis and is dependent on the volume and duration of alcohol consumption, with heavy drinking over 10-20 years often required to develop cirrhosis. The likelihood of developing alcoholic liver disease is largely determined by the amount and duration of heavy alcohol use.
Peptic ulcer disease
Peptic ulcer disease involves breaks in the mucosal lining of the stomach or duodenum that penetrate through the muscular layer. The most common causes are infection with H. pylori bacteria and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves endoscopy to visualize the ulcers. Treatment involves antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori, proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid secretion, and avoidance of NSAIDs. Surgery is reserved for complications or treatment failure.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. The main symptoms are cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea and constipation. IBS has three subtypes based on predominant stool pattern: IBS with constipation, IBS with diarrhea, or IBS with mixed bowel habits. While the exact cause is uncertain, IBS involves abnormalities in gut motility and visceral sensitivity. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications to manage symptoms based on IBS subtype.
alcoholoc liver disease
Alcohol consumption can lead to various liver diseases known as alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Chronic heavy drinking is responsible for 50% of chronic liver disease cases in India. Symptoms of ALD may not appear until the disease is advanced and include fatigue, abdominal swelling and pain, and jaundice. Alcohol is metabolized in the liver, producing reactive oxygen species that can cause oxidative stress, fatty liver, inflammation, fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis over many years. Diagnosis involves assessing drinking history, symptoms, lab tests and biopsy. Treatment focuses on abstaining from alcohol. Corticosteroids and antioxidants may help in some cases. Liver transplantation is an option for end-stage ALD but is not usually recommended for
IBS
This document provides an overview of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), including its definition, prevalence, demographics, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, severity assessment, management, and prognosis. Some key points are:
- IBS is a functional bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated with changes in bowel habits. It predominantly affects those aged 15-65 and is more common in women.
- The pathophysiology involves altered gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal gas handling, low-grade inflammation, food sensitivities, abnormal gut microbiota, and central nervous system dysregulation.
- Diagnosis is based on symptoms meeting certain criteria and exclusion of organic diseases. Management focuses on
Inflammatory bowel disease
This document discusses inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specifically Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It defines IBD as a group of conditions that cause inflammation of the digestive tract, and notes the two major types are Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Crohn's disease can impact any part of the digestive tract and often spreads deep into tissues, while ulcerative colitis exclusively impacts the innermost lining of the large intestine and rectum. Symptoms for both include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss and more. While causes are unknown, it is believed to involve defects in the immune system. Diagnosis involves blood tests, stool samples, imaging and endoscopy. Treatment depends on the severity but may include
Zollinger ellison syndrome
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by severe peptic ulcers, gastric acid hypersecretion, and a neuroendocrine tumor that secretes high amounts of gastrin. This excessive gastric acid causes ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, leading to diarrhea, steatorrhea, and poor response to standard ulcer treatments. Diagnosis involves finding elevated gastrin levels and localizing the gastrin-secreting tumor through imaging tests. Treatment consists of surgery to remove a single localized tumor when possible, or medications like PPIs and octreotide to reduce acid secretion and gastrin levels when the tumor is not resectable.
Liver pathology & Disease condition
This document provides information on liver pathology and disease. It begins with the anatomy and functions of the liver. It then discusses various liver diseases including hepatic injury, cirrhosis, hepatitis, and tumors. It also provides in-depth descriptions of jaundice, portal hypertension, and hepatic encephalopathy - discussing their causes, signs/symptoms, investigations, and treatments. The document is an informative overview of liver conditions and diseases.
IBD
This document discusses the diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It defines the diseases, describes their classification systems and severity indices. It covers epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic testing and differential diagnoses. Treatment strategies are outlined for induction and maintenance of remission for mild to severe ulcerative colitis. Management of Crohn's disease is discussed including medications such as aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, biologics and their monitoring. Surgical options are also summarized.
Pathology cell injury i
The document discusses cell injury and cell death. It explains that cells have a normal steady state of homeostasis but stress can force cells to adapt or become injured if the stress exceeds their capacity. Cell injury can be reversible or irreversible and leads to cell death if irreversible. Key systems vulnerable to injury are membranes, respiration, protein synthesis and the genetic apparatus. Causes of injury include hypoxia, toxins, infections and more. Reversible injury disrupts mitochondria while irreversible injury causes mitochondrial and lysosomal damage leading to cell death.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Inflammatory Bowel Disease(IBD).
Inflammatory bowel disease,
This document provides an overview of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It defines IBD as an idiopathic inflammatory intestinal disease resulting from inappropriate immune activation to intestinal microflora. The two main types of IBD are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The document discusses the history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, complications, management, and ongoing research of IBD.
IBD - irritated?
The document discusses mesalazine (mesalamine), a medication used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It notes that mesalazine works locally in the gut to reduce inflammation and induce remissions in mild to moderate cases of IBD. While it has few side effects and is relatively inexpensive, mesalazine is not effective for severe disease and may not maintain remission after steroids. The document provides an overview of mesalazine's mechanisms of action and efficacy compared to placebo.
Lecture 17 Colon Disorders - Pathology
This document provides information on diseases of the small intestine and colon, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. It discusses the anatomy and functions of the small intestine and colon. IBS is characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of organic pathology. Causes may include altered motility, infection, bacterial overgrowth, and dietary intolerance. Treatment focuses on diet, lifestyle changes, and medication. IBD includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which both involve inflammation but affect different areas of the gastrointestinal tract.
Ibd pptx.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes two major entities: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Crohn's disease can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract and is transmural, while ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon and mucosa. The exact causes of IBD are unknown but likely involve genetic, immunological, environmental, and bacterial factors. The main differences between the two conditions are the locations they affect and their morphological expression.
Gastrointestinal disease
This document summarizes common gastrointestinal diseases that may affect dental care:
1) Peptic ulcer disease affects 15% of industrialized populations and is caused by an interaction of aggressive factors like H. pylori and defensive factors. Symptoms include epigastric pain and bleeding. Treatment involves anti-secretory agents and antibiotics.
2) Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) describes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. IBD is managed but not cured through medications, immunosuppressants, or surgery. Patients may experience oral lesions.
3) Pseudomembranous colitis is a severe, potentially fatal form of colitis associated with certain antibiotics in at-risk patients.
28 - IBD-1.ppt
This document discusses inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It covers the classifications, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and surgical indications for IBD. The key points are that IBD is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, Crohn's disease can affect any part of the GI tract while ulcerative colitis only involves the colon, and treatment involves medications to induce and maintain remission such as 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and anti-TNF therapies, with surgery indicated for complications or severe cases refractory to medical management.
Inflammatory bowel disease- Lower gi hemorrhage
LOWER GI HEMORRHAGE- PLAYLIST OF 6 VIDEOS
Dear Viewers,
Greetings from “Surgical Educator”.
I have made a playlist for Lower GI Hemorrhage which consists of six videos on various causes of Lower GI Hemorrhage. They are Introduction, diverticular disease, haemorrhoids, fissure-in-ano, colorectal carcinoma and inflammatory bowel disease. If you watch all these videos together you will become confident to tackle the clinical problem of Lower GI Hemorrhage. You can watch these videos in the following link: https://www.youtube.com/playlist…
Thank you for watching the videos.
28 - IBD.ppt
This document provides an overview of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It discusses the classifications, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and conclusions regarding IBD. Key points include that IBD is characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Ulcerative colitis only affects the colon while Crohn's disease can affect any part of the GI tract. Diagnosis involves ruling out other conditions through history, physical exam, labs, imaging and endoscopy. Management includes medications like 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologics and surgery for severe cases.
IBD
This document discusses inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specifically Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It describes the disease processes, clinical presentations, diagnostic workups, and treatments for each condition. Crohn's and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown cause. The document outlines the differences between the two conditions, including their impact on the GI tract and common symptoms. Diagnostic tools and blood tests that can help differentiate Crohn's from ulcerative colitis are also presented. The document discusses treatment options for acute exacerbations and maintaining remission, including medications, biologics, and surgery.
A Case of Chronic Diarrhoea
A 20-year-old girl presented with chronic diarrhea, fever, weight loss, and loss of appetite for 4 weeks. Colonoscopy and biopsy revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the duodenum and stomach. Imaging showed thickening and nodularity of the third part of the duodenum with enlarged lymph nodes. The patient was diagnosed with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the duodenum and stomach, stage II, and started on CHOP chemotherapy.
First inflammatory bowel disease presentation finished version (2)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which are chronic conditions causing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. IBD has genetic and environmental risk factors and affects millions worldwide. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Doctors diagnose IBD through tests like colonoscopies, blood tests, and imaging. While there is no cure, treatments aim to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms, ranging from medications to dietary changes and sometimes surgery.
Bohomolets Surgery 4th year Lecture #8
The document discusses inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), specifically ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. It describes the main differences between UC and Crohn's, including that UC only affects the colon and rectum while Crohn's can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. The document provides details on the symptoms, diagnosis, classification, complications, and treatment of UC. Surgical management is discussed as an option when medical treatment is not effective or complications arise.
Enfermedad Inflamatoria de Intestino ¿Como Diagnosticarla? - www.grupodeapoyo...
Enfermedad Inflamatoria de Intestino ¿Como Diagnosticarla?
Forma parte del taller del Grupo De Apoyo De Enfermedades Inflamatorias Del Intestino. Para mas informacion visita: www.grupodeapoyoeii.org
Inflammatory bowel disease imaging
Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Role of Imaging in Diagnosis and Detection of Complications: Gastrointestinal Imaging
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
This document provides an overview of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It discusses the definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, complications, investigations, classification, and treatment of IBD. The key differences between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are highlighted, such as ulcerative colitis primarily affecting the colon whereas Crohn's can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. The goals of IBD treatment are to induce and maintain remission, relieve symptoms, improve quality of life, and ensure adequate nutrition.
Peptic ulcer disease
Peptic ulcer disease is defined as erosions in the gastric or duodenal mucosa that extend through the muscularis mucosae. Lifetime prevalence of peptic ulcer disease is 10% of Americans. Common causes include H. pylori infection, NSAID use, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Diagnosis involves history, physical exam, upper endoscopy with biopsy, and tests for H. pylori. Treatment focuses on eradicating H. pylori, reducing acid with PPIs, and lifestyle changes. Complications include bleeding, perforation, and gastric outlet obstruction.
21 ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon. It is characterized by inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine. The exact cause is unknown but there is a genetic component. Symptoms include diarrhea mixed with blood, abdominal pain, and weight loss. Treatment involves medications to induce and maintain remission of symptoms, with the goal of mucosal healing of the colon. Complications can include toxic megacolon, colorectal cancer, and inflammation in other parts of the body.
Inflammatory bowel disease ppt..pptx
This document provides an overview of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. It discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of IBD. IBD is caused by genetic, environmental, and immunological factors and affects the digestive tract, causing inflammation. Diagnosis involves blood tests, endoscopy, and other imaging exams. Treatment depends on the type and severity of IBD, and may include aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics to reduce inflammation. While treatment can control symptoms, IBD currently has no cure.
IBD.pptx
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to chronic inflammation conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis that damage the gastrointestinal tract. Common symptoms include persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloody stools, weight loss and fatigue. The exact causes are unknown but involve a genetic predisposition and exaggerated immune response to environmental triggers. Complications can include colon cancer, malnutrition, and in severe cases perforation or toxic swelling of the colon. Diagnosis involves lab tests, endoscopy, and imaging. Treatment focuses on anti-inflammatory drugs, immune suppressors, antibiotics, nutrition and sometimes surgery to remove diseased sections of bowel.
Similar to Inflammatory Bowel Disease(IBD). (20)
First inflammatory bowel disease presentation finished version (2)
First inflammatory bowel disease presentation finished version (2)
Enfermedad Inflamatoria de Intestino ¿Como Diagnosticarla? - www.grupodeapoyo...
Enfermedad Inflamatoria de Intestino ¿Como Diagnosticarla? - www.grupodeapoyo...
Recently uploaded
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Learn about body grief and ways to cope with it. We will also explore methods to heal from this challenging experience.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
we have mentioned the best 10 ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups. You can check all these products and choose the best one for yourself.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Recently uploaded (20)
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Muscles of Mastication by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Inflammatory Bowel Disease(IBD).
- 1. By CH.SAMPATH KUMAR 13H61T0004 PHARM D 4th YEAR Inflammatory Bowel Disease By CH.SAMPATH KUMAR 13H61T0004 PHARM D 4th YEAR
- 2. DEFINITION It is an idiopathic inflammatory intestinal disease resulting from an inappropriate immune activation to host intestinal microflora. Types of IBD are Ulcerative colitis(UC) Crohn’s disease(CD)
- 3. Ulcerative colitis(UC): only affects the colon (large intestine) Crohn’s disease(CD) : also known as regional enteritis can affect all of the digestive system, from the mouth to the anus.
- 5. Epidemiology The incidence of UC is 3 times higher than that of CD. But recent data suggest that the incidence of CD is increasing. The highest rates of IBD are seen in developed countries, and the lowest in the developing regions;
- 6. Incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis in India Prevalence rate- 44.3/ 100,000 Persons Incidence rate- 6.02 cases/ 100,000 Persons CD: Hindus have a much lower incidence of CD than Europeans the minimum incidence of CD is 0.14/1lakh persons- years,
- 7. Causes The exact cause of IBD is unknown, However, most investigators believe that IBD results from a combination of : Genetic factors. Mucosal immune responses. Environmental factors Bacteria( epithelial defect ) 7
- 8. Clinical presentation of IBD A- symptoms: - diarrhea - rectal bleeding - tenesmus - passage of mucus - abdominal pain - other symptoms: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fever, and weight loss
- 9. B- Signs Loss of weight General ill health ulceration of mouth, glossitis, angular stomatitis Abdominal tenderness fissures, fistulae
- 10. Clinical findings That Differ between CD and UC CD UC Defecation Often porridge like ,sometimes steatorrhea Often mucus-like and with blood Tenesmus Less common More common Fever Common Indicates severe disease Fistulae Common ununcommon Weight loss Often rare Malignant potential With colonic involvement Yes after surgery Recurrence is common No recurrence
- 13. Endoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Used to confirm diagnosis of ulcerative colitis
- 14. Endoscopic Features of IBD Ulcerative colitis Edema Erythema/Loss of vascularity Erosions Mucopurulent exudate Spontaneous bleeding Ulceration 14
- 15. Endoscopic Features of IBD Crohn’s Disease Patchy edema, erythema (Discontinuous) ulcerations Cobblestoning 15
- 16. Radiology Double contrast barium enema
- 17. Laboratory tests Microbiological examination of stool Haematological & biochemical values High WBC countsIron deficiency anemia Low ESR Low serum albumin May provide evidence of infection as a cause of colonic inflammation
- 20. TREATMENT Treatment for IBD may include: DIETARY CHANGES LIFESTYLE CHANGES DRUG THERAPY SURGERY
- 21. Dietary Changes Eating : Low-fat foods. Smaller, more frequent meals. Avoiding : foods high in undigestible fiber. Refined sugars .
- 22. LIFESTYLE CHANGES . Taking rest No smoking Stress reductionDoing exercise
- 25. Drug Therapies 1- 5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASA) 2- Glucocorticoids (steroids) 3- Antibiotics 4- Immunosuppressants Thiopurines Azathioprine 6-mercaptopurin Methotrexate Cyclosporine(2-4mg/kg) 5- Biological Therapy Infliximab (5mg/kg)
- 26. Amino salicylates Eg Sulfasalazine Dose Maintain remission : 2-4 g / day Acute attacks : 4-8 g / day The most effective in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis ( Anti-inflammatory )
- 27. Corticosteroids Eg Predinoslone Steroid of choice as it can be used orally , rectally & parentrally in emergency Dose : 20–60 mg orally or IV Used up to 2 weeks
- 28. Used in patients unresponsive to steroid & amino salicylates Immuno suppressants Eg Azathioprine Dose: 1.5–2.5 mg/kg per day orally Inhibit purine biosynthesis & reduce IBD-associated GI inflammation
- 29. Used in patients unresponsive to steroid & amino salicylates Immuno suppressants Eg 6- Mercaptopurine Dose: 1.5–2.5 mg/kg per day orally Active form of Azathioprine
- 30. Used in patients unresponsive to steroid & amino salicylates Immuno suppressants Eg Methotrexate Dose: 15–25 mg weekly (IM/SC/orally)
- 31. Used in patients unresponsive to steroid & amino salicylates Immuno suppressants Eg Cyclosporine Dose: 4 mg/kg per day Effective in patients refractory to cenventional drug therapy
- 32. Immuno suppressants Eg INFLIXIMAB Adverse effects Intravenous administration Fever Chest Pain Hypo- tension Dyspnea Associated with reactivation of serious infections Exa- cerbation of heart failure infusion-related reactions Effective in patients whose conventional therapy failed Dis advantages Significant drug cost Potential for adverse effects
- 33. Other agents Eg Antibiotics Dose: Adults < 12 yrs : 250 - 500mg / 12 hrs for 7-14 days. Eg. Ciprofloxacin For active chrons disease accompained by fever
- 34. Other agents Eg Anti Diarrheal Relief diarrhea symptoms associated eith IBD Diphenoxylate LoperamideCodiene