Alcohol consumption can lead to various liver diseases known as alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Chronic heavy drinking is responsible for 50% of chronic liver disease cases in India. Symptoms of ALD may not appear until the disease is advanced and include fatigue, abdominal swelling and pain, and jaundice. Alcohol is metabolized in the liver, producing reactive oxygen species that can cause oxidative stress, fatty liver, inflammation, fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis over many years. Diagnosis involves assessing drinking history, symptoms, lab tests and biopsy. Treatment focuses on abstaining from alcohol. Corticosteroids and antioxidants may help in some cases. Liver transplantation is an option for end-stage ALD but is not usually recommended for
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses a spectrum of injury, ranging from simple steatosis to frank cirrhosis and is the oldest form of liver injury known to mankind. The pathophysiology of ALD is quite complex: encompassing factors related to genetics, gender, ethnicity, consumption patterns and co-morbid conditions. The diagnosis of ALD is based on a combination of features, including history of ‘significant’ alcohol intake, clinical evidence of liver disease, and supporting laboratory abnormalities such as Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), Hepatic imaging, Full blood count and liver biopsy. Treatment and management of alcoholic liver disease are abstinence from alcohol, Liver Transplantation and Therapy for Alcoholic Hepatitis which includes Nutrition Therapy, and Steroids.
DILI is possible consequence of ingestion of OTC drugs like PCM.
so it require careful clinical knowledge before taking drugs without doctors prescriptions...
UC is an idiopathic IBD that affects the colonic mucosa.
Hallmark of UC is bloody diarrhea often with prominent symptoms of rectal urgency and tenesmus.
The clinical course is marked by exacerbations and remissions.
The diagnosis of UC is suspected on clinical grounds and supported by the appropriate findings on
Proctosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
Biopsy
By negative stool examination for infectious causes
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses a spectrum of injury, ranging from simple steatosis to frank cirrhosis and is the oldest form of liver injury known to mankind. The pathophysiology of ALD is quite complex: encompassing factors related to genetics, gender, ethnicity, consumption patterns and co-morbid conditions. The diagnosis of ALD is based on a combination of features, including history of ‘significant’ alcohol intake, clinical evidence of liver disease, and supporting laboratory abnormalities such as Alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), Hepatic imaging, Full blood count and liver biopsy. Treatment and management of alcoholic liver disease are abstinence from alcohol, Liver Transplantation and Therapy for Alcoholic Hepatitis which includes Nutrition Therapy, and Steroids.
DILI is possible consequence of ingestion of OTC drugs like PCM.
so it require careful clinical knowledge before taking drugs without doctors prescriptions...
UC is an idiopathic IBD that affects the colonic mucosa.
Hallmark of UC is bloody diarrhea often with prominent symptoms of rectal urgency and tenesmus.
The clinical course is marked by exacerbations and remissions.
The diagnosis of UC is suspected on clinical grounds and supported by the appropriate findings on
Proctosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
Biopsy
By negative stool examination for infectious causes
Review on Health Implications, Benefits and Biochemistry of Alcohol Intoxicat...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Ethanol is typically referred to as alcohol. It is broadly used without restrictions and supervision. It
is of the most abused substances which produces countless undesirable effects on its users. The
metabolism of alcohol from a toxic substance to water and carbon dioxide is performed by the liver
with the rest excreted through the lungs, the kidneys and in sweat. The effects of excessive intake of
alcohol include fatty liver, liver cirrhosis and metabolic impairment of tissues and cells due to
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species emanating from its metabolism to acetaldehyde. Unguided and
unrestricted use of alcohol depending on frequency and duration results in acute or chronic
intoxication and even more complex problems like alcohol tolerance and dependence. The
consumption of alcohol not only affects physical structures of the body such as the liver, but also
physiological processes and behaviour. Alcohol taken in moderate quantities can act like a
beverage. It has therapeutic potentials but in low or moderate doses.
Keywords: Alcohol, intoxication, metabolism, ROS and toxicity.
Moderate drinking too can cause a miserable liver.Jia Maheshwari
What places senior citizens, diabetics and the obese at the highest risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)? Why does it occur even among those people who drink extremely low quantities of alcohol or don’t drink at all. The quest is on to find the answers.
Alcoholic liver disease is a term that encompasses the hepatic manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis.
Pharmacist pay scales in 7th cpc proposed by ihpa Dr B Naga Raju
Y.Goverdhan, Sr Pharmacist,SWRailway/Ministry of Railways/ Govt of India presented Pharmacist's demands on behalf of Indian Hospital Pharmacists Association as General Secretary/ Mysore Branch/ Karnataka
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
2. India : alcohol
The prevalence of use of alcohol
Ranges from a low of 7% in Gujarat, to 75% in
Arunachal Pradesh.
The per capita consumption is 4 lit/adult/year
It accounts for 50% of CLD
ALD cause of mortality M: 11/100000
F:6/100000
Alcohol induced liver diseases 2
3. Alcohol induced liver diseases 3
Symptoms of Alcoholic Liver Disease may not appear
until the condition is relatively advanced. They vary
with the severity of the disease and worsen after a bout
of heavy drinking.
Alcoholics are at an increased risk for gastrointestinal
disorders, heart diseases and high blood pressure.
Excessive alcohol use can also cause peptic
ulcers, aggression, anxiety and depression.
A number of cancers can be developed as a result of
alcoholism. Cancer of
mouth, throat, oesophagus, stomach and liver are the
few commonly- occurring ones.
4. Common symptoms:
Dry mouth
Fatigue/nausea /loss of appetite
Swollen abdomen due to an enlarged liver
Pain in the abdomen
Jaundice/ fever/Pallor
Weight loss
Fluid build-up in legs (oedema) and abdomen in case of
cirrhosis
Pain/numbness in hands and legs
Hypo /hyper pigmentation on the skin
Small spider like blood vessels on skin
Red colouration on hands /feet
Yellow colouration of skin /eyes in case of jaundice
Bloody faeces
Bleeding nose /gums
Vomiting blood
Changing moods /confusion/hallucinations/decreased
alertness
Impaired memory /poor judgment
Alcohol induced liver diseases 4
5. Serious complications of alcohol
consumption:
It include advanced diseases such as brain
damage (Alcoholic Encephalopathy) and
hypertension (high blood pressure within
the liver).
The disease usually affects those who are
older than 30 years.
Alcohol induced liver diseases 5
6. Liver
Liver is the Largest solid organ,
Largest Gland,
Main Metabolic organ of the Body
The liver is located in the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal
cavity, beneath the diaphragm, and on top of the stomach, right
kidney, and intestines. Shaped like a cone, the liver is a dark reddish-
brown organ that weighs about 3 pounds.
Liver is Made up of different cell types however 4 important cell types are
discussing here
Hepatocytes,
Endothelial cells
Kupffer cell
Stellate cell
Alcohol induced liver diseases 6
8. Hepatocytes:
They are rich in Organelle such as ER,
Golgi complex, Mitochondria.
Function:
Participate in Protein, Carbohydrate & Lipid
Metabolism.
Produce serum protein such Albumin, Coagulation
factor, Trasferrin.
Endothelial cells:
Sinusoidal endothelial cell lines the walls of
hepatic sinusoid.
Function:
Filtration due to presence of Fenestration.
Alcohol induced liver diseases 8
9. Kupffer cell:
They are located within sinusoidal cell.
Upon activation they secrete Inflammatory mediator:
Cytokine
Function: Phagocytosis
Stellate cell: Play central role in storage of Vitamin
A(Retinol).
Overall functions of Liver:
As a Detoxifying Organ
As a Metabolic Organ
As an Immunological Organ,
As an Emulsifying agent(Bile salts) Producing Organ.
Alcohol induced liver diseases 9
10. ALCOHOL
Ethanol: is a small two carbon alcohol that, due to its small
size and alcoholic hydroxyl group is soluble in both aqueous
and lipid environments.
This allows ethanol to freely pass from bodily fluids into cells.
Since the portal circulation from the gut passes first through
the liver, the bulk of ingested alcohol is metabolized in the
liver.
The process of ethanol oxidation involves at least three
distinct enzymatic pathways.
Alcohol induced liver diseases 10
11. Alcohol induced liver diseases 11
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) which
involves the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2E1 and requires
NADPH instead of NAD+ as for ADH. The MEOS pathway is
induced in individuals who chronically consume alcohol.
Fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) synthase. This latter
pathway results in the formation of fatty acid ethyl esters and
takes place primarily in the liver and pancreas, both of which
are highly susceptible to the toxic effects of alcohol.
12. Acute Effects of Ethanol Metabolism
The metabolism of ethanol via the CYP2E1 pathway results in
increased ROS production, including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
ROS production is associated with cancer
development, atherosclerosis, diabetes, inflammation, aging, and other
harmful processes.
The cell regulates ROS levels via numerous defense systems involving
a variety of different antioxidant compounds (e.g. glutathione, GSH).
During ethanol oxidation ROS production increases dramatically due to
induction of CYP2E1 and by activation of Kupffer cells in the liver.
Both acute and chronic alcohol consumption can increase ROS
production and lead to oxidative stress.
Alcohol induced liver diseases 12
14. Chronic Effects of Ethanol Metabolism
In addition to the negative effects of the altered NADH/NAD+
ratio on hepatic gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation is also
reduced as this process requires NAD+ as a cofactor.
Concomitant with reduced fatty acid oxidation is enhanced
fatty acid synthesis and increased triacylglyceride production
by the liver.
In the mitochondria, the production of acetate from
acetaldehyde leads to increased levels of acetyl-CoA. Since
the increased generation of NADH also reduces the activity of
the TCA cycle, the acetyl-CoA is diverted to fatty acid
synthesis.
Alcohol induced liver diseases 14
15. Alcohol induced liver diseases 15
The reduction in cytosolic NAD+ leads to reduced activity of
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (in the glycerol 3-phosphate
to DHAP direction) resulting in increased levels of glycerol 3-
phosphate which is the backbone for the synthesis of the
triglycerides.
Both of these two events lead to fatty acid deposition in the liver
leading to fatty liver syndrome and excessive levels of lipids in
the blood, referred to as hyperlipidemia.
Because ethanol metabolism by ADH and ALDH occurs
essentially only in the liver, any of the adverse effects described
above that are associated with ethanol metabolism by these
enzymes, and the associated ROS production, primarily affect that
organ.
16. In contrast, CYP2E1 is found in many tissues in addition to the
liver, including the brain, heart, lungs, neutrophils, and
macrophages.
Accordingly, metabolic consequences of CYP2E1-mediated
ethanol oxidation will affect numerous tissues. The harmful
effects associated with CYP2E1-mediated ethanol metabolism
are primarily related to the production of ROS, mainly
superoxide and hydroxyl radicals.
In the liver, the oxidative stress resulting from CYP2E1-
mediated ethanol metabolism plays an important role in
alcohol-related development of liver cancer.
Alcohol induced liver diseases 16
17. Alcohol induced liver diseases 17
Chronic ethanol consumption and alcohol metabolism also
negatively affects several other metabolic pathways, thereby
contributing to the spectrum of metabolic disorders
frequently found in alcoholics.
These disorders include fatty liver syndromes such as
NAFLD and NASH, hyperlipidemia, lactic
acidosis, ketoacidosis, and hyperuricemia.
The first stage of liver damage following chronic alcohol
consumption is the appearance of fatty liver, which is
followed by inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and finally
cirrhosis.
.
20. Alcohol induced liver diseases 20
In the home, methanol is most frequently found in the form
of "canned heat" or in windshield-washing products.
Poisonings occur from accidental ingestion of methanol-
containing products or when it is misguidedly ingested as an
ethanol substitute.
Methanol poisoning causes visual disturbance, frequently
described as "like being in a snowstorm.
Methanol (methyl alcohol, wood alcohol) is widely used in
the industrial production of synthetic organic compounds and
as a constituent of many commercial solvents.
22. Alcohol induced liver diseases 22
Risk for the development of ALD.
Time to develop ALD = to amount of alcohol
consumed
Men: 60-80 gm/day for 10 years
Women:20-40 gm/day for 10 years
Alcoholic cirrhosis,
Develops ONLY in 10 to 20% of those who are
chronically heavy drinkers.
23. Alcohol induced liver diseases 23
SIMPLE CONVERSION
BEER: ml/25
WINE: ml/10 Gms of alcohol
HARD LIQOUR : ml/3
25. Alcohol induced liver diseases 25
ALCOHOL ABUSE VS. ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
ALCOHOL abuses as those who drink despite
recurrent social, interpersonal, and legal problems
Dependence- presence of 3 or more symptoms
a) Tolerance
b) Withdrawal symptoms
c) Loss of control over drinking
d) Strong desire to drink
e) Drinking despite harm
26. Alcohol induced liver diseases 26
DETECTION OF ALCOHOL ABUSE
CAGE(Cut down,annoyed by criticism, guity about
drinking, Eye-opener in the morning)
AUDIT (Alcohol use Disorders Identification Test) 10-
item questionnaire
27. Alcohol induced liver diseases 27
CLINICAL FEATURES
SYMPTOMS PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Jaundice stigma of CLD
Fatigue Tender hepatomegaly
Anorexia Hepatic
Weight loss decompensation
Fever Ascities,
Pain in RHC Eso.varies
Encephalopathy.
28. Alcohol induced liver diseases 28
LAB
Both AST and ALT are INC., <300IU/ml
AST>ALT of 2 (80%)
Inc in GGT
Macocytosis with anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Leukocytosis –correlates with degree of injury.
Increasing Bilrubin and PT correlate with severity of liver
disease
30. Alcohol induced liver diseases 30
Life style Medication
EtoH intake : 80% survival rate in those who
abstain
Smoking: Cigarette smoking is an independent
risk factore for cirrhosis in ALD
Obesity
31. Alcohol induced liver diseases 31
NATURITION THERAPY
Nutritional supplement improves hepatic
function, and out come in AH,
•Patients consuming > 3000kcal/d had virtually
no mortality,
•Whereas those consuming <1000 kcal/d had >
80% 6-month mortality
34. Alcohol induced liver diseases 34
Corticosteroids
Decrease the immune response
Anti inflammatory
Antifibritic
Increase production of albumin
Improve ascites
Improve caloric intake by improving
appetite
35. Alcohol induced liver diseases 35
Prednisolone: 32 mg Po for 4 week followed
by taper
Active form prednisolone, rather than the in
active precursor prednisone, is preferred
No long term survival benefits
36. Alcohol induced liver diseases 36
Pentoxifylline
It attenuates TNF-a release and action
Exertes an antifibrinogenic action
Lower portal hypertention
Decrease blood viscosity
Improve organ microcirculation
Tissue Oxygenation
37. Alcohol induced liver diseases 37
Side-effects: Epigastric pain, vomiting, and
dyspepsia
Dose: 400 mg TID
Improvement in short-term (4-week)
Survival
Decrease in the rate of development of
hepatorenal syndrome
38. Alcohol induced liver diseases 38
Antioxidants:
s-adenosylmethionine: Benefits of SAM in
ALD include roles as an
Antioxidant
Critical methyl donor
Decreasing TNF levels, and Glutathionine
39. Alcohol induced liver diseases 39
Propylthiouracil:
No siginificant effects of PTU vs Placebo
on mortality, complications of liver disease
Colchicine:
No beneficial effect on overall mortality
40. Alcohol induced liver diseases 40
Newer Approaches
Polyenylphosphatidylcholine
N-Acetyl cysteine
Combinational therapy
Liver transplantation:
OLT for alcoholic hepatitis is not currently
recommended.
42. Alcohol induced liver diseases 42
CONCLUSION
All Alcoholic patients should be screened for alcoholic liver
disease. The diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease requires a
detailed patient history, with supportive laboratory and
imaging studies.
Liver biopsy may be useful to confirm the diagnosis, rule
out other diseases, and prognosticate. All patients with
alcohol-related liver disease should abstain from alcohol.
For those with severe disease and no contraindications to
their use, steroids should be considered. Liver
transplantation remains an option for select patients with
end-stage liver disease due to alcohol.