Communication is the process of exchanging information through symbols and behaviors to create shared meaning and understanding, develop relationships, and achieve goals. It is symbolic, requires a shared code, and occurs through various channels in a transactional process as depicted in models of communication. Perception involves interpreting experiences through schemas that organize information and can be influenced by factors like culture, which relates to values, beliefs, organizations, gender, and location that shape communicative behaviors. Effective intercultural communication involves listening, thinking before acting, empathy, and doing the right thing.
2. What IS communication?
Definition Outcomes
Communication is the Create shared meaning
process by which
individuals use symbols and Create understanding
behaviors to exchange
information Develop relationships
O’Hair and Wiemann (2009)
3. Why do we communicate?
To express affiliation
To achieve goals
To influence other
4. How we communicate…
Communication is symbolic
Communication requires a shared code
Encoding and decoding
Communication is linked to culture
Communication need not be intentional
Interpersonal vs Intrapersonal
Communication occurs through various channels
Communication is a transactional process
8. Perception
A cognitive process through
which we interpret our
experiences and come to
our own unique
understandings
To gather, organize, and
evaluate the information
we receive we use schemas
9. Schemas: organizing perceptions
Schemas are… Types of schemas…
Mental structures that put Prototype
together related bits of
information Stereotype
Help you understand how Script
things work and how they
should proceed
Evolve and change over
time
11. Changing perceptions
Understand ourselves
Understand how we manage our own circles or influence
and identities; this changes over time
Words crystalize perceptions
Check with others
Distinguish between facts and inference
Monitor the self-serving bias
12. Communication and culture
Culture is defined as a Culture relates to:
person’s beliefs and Values
attitudes about their world. Beliefs
Their spirituality, their
Organizations
sense of status and
Gender
hierarchy, their use of time
and physical space, and Physical ability or disability
their relationships to one Location
another. …all shape our communicative
Samovar & Porter, 2003) behaviors.
13. Individualism-Collectivism
Dimension
Individualistic Collective
Personal goals and Collective goals take
achievements are more priority over individual
important than collective goals
