The document describes the process of respiration and the structures involved in gas exchange in the human respiratory system. It explains that oxygen is absorbed into the blood and carbon dioxide is released from the blood in alveoli, tiny air sacs found in the lungs. A series of tubes called the windpipe and bronchi transport air to and from the lungs, where gas exchange with blood takes place across the thin membranes of the alveoli.

2. Process of air exchange
Oxygen is obtained and carbon dioxide is eliminated
Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli

3. This is the respiration in which glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to release carbon dioxide, water and energy. It takes place in most organisms.
GLUCOSE + OXYGENCARBON-DI-OXIDE + WATER

4. This is the respiration in which glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to release alcohol, carbon dioxide and energy. It takes place in yeast.
GLUCOSE + OXYGENETHANOL + CARBON-DI-OXIDE
In anaerobic respiration in our muscle cells glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen to release lactic acid and energy.

5. STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
nose / nasal cavity
warms, moistens, & filters air as it is inhaled
pharynx (throat)
passageway for air, leads to trachea
larynx
the voice box, where vocal chords are located
trachea (windpipe)
keeps the windpipe "open" trachea is lined with fine hairs called ciliawhich filter air before it reaches the lungs
bronchi
two branches at the end of the trachea, each lead to a lung
bronchioles
a network of smaller branches leading from the bronchi into the lung tissue & ultimately to air sacs
alveoli
the functional respiratory units in the lung where gases are exchanged

7. Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
Series of tubes that function as airway passages
Filter, warm and humidify incoming air

9. Passageway for respiration
Receptors for smell
Filters incoming air to filter larger foreign material
Moistens and warms incoming air
Resonating chambers for voice

11. Functions:
Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food and air appropriately, assists in sound production
Trachea: transports air to and from lungs
Bronchi: branch into lungs
Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange

14. Definition:
The bronchi are small air passages, composed of hyaline cartilage, that extend from the trachea to the bronchioles. There are two bronchi in the human body that branch off from the trachea. The bronchi are lined with mucous membranes that secrete mucus and cilia that sweep the mucus and particles up and out of the airways.

16. Have a very thin membrane that allows rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between capillary blood and alveolar air spaces.
Lined with surfactant to prevent alveolar collapse.

19. You should take care of your Respiratory System because if you don’t you won’t be able to breathe. Using drugs can keep your brain from telling your lungs to breathe. Smoking can make your lungs turn black and not work well. Breathing clean air is healthiest for you. Exercise keeps your lungs strong.

20. Did You Know That...
Your right lung has three lobes and your left lung only has two?
The right lung is a little larger than the left lung?
A person sleeping almost always breathes twelve or fifteen times a
minute?

22. Cockroach breathes through small openings in their body called spiracles. The spiracles are connected to air tubes called trachea. Oxygen rich air enters through the spiracles and passes through the trachea to all cells in the body. Carbon dioxide from the cells passes through the trachea and spiracles out of the body.

23. Earthworms breathe through their moist skin.
The moist skin helps in the exchange of gases.
Fishes breathe through gills.
The gills have blood vessels which help in the exchange of gases.

24. Did You Know That...
The exhaling rate is faster in kids than in adults?
The trachea is made out of cartilage shaped rings?
The fastest recorded “ sneeze speed” is 165 km per hour?
It is healthier to breathe through your nose than your mouth, because your nose hairs and mucus clean the air.

25. At rest, we breathe 15 to 20 times a minute and exchange nearly 17 fluid ounces (about 500 milliliters) of air with each complete breath in and out.
Approximately 5 fluid ounces (about 150 milliliters) of the air we breathe in with each breath fills the passageways of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
We breathe over 5,000 times a day, taking in enough air throughout a lifetime to fill 10 million balloons.

26. The average set of human lungs has approximately 600 million alveoli (300 million per lung), creating a respiratory surface about the size of a singles tennis court or a square about 27 to 28 feet long on each side.
At birth, an infant’s lung is estimated to have approximately 20 to 30 million alveoli and 1,500 miles of airway passages.
The right lung is slightly larger than the left.
The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600 meters, or about one mile, if placed end to end.