this is for theoritical practical notebook

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DIGITECH HARDWARE ACADEMY
33/2, EAST GHOSH PARA ROAD, PO- AUTHPUR, DIST.- 24 PGS (N),
PIN- 743128, WEST BENGAL.
PHONE:- 033- 2502 1786 / 2502 4114. MOBILE:- 9330934815.
Project By: - NIRAJ CHOUDHARY
MOBILE:- 9903485789.
E.MAIL:- niraj_niraj15@yahoo.com
TABLE OF CONTENT PAGE NO 1-50
COMPUTER BASIC PROGRAMMING:-
DESCRIPTION OF COMPUTER 1-12
PAINT PROGRAMMING 13-15
WORD PAD 16-16
WINDOW EXPLORER 17-18
MICROSOFT OFFICE PROGRAMMING:-
MICROSOFT OFFICE WORD 2007 18-22
MICROSOFT OFFICE EXCEL 2007 22-42
MICROSOFT OFFICE POWERPOINT 2007 42-44
WHAT IS INTERNET? 44-47
MS-DOS 48-49

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COMPUTER
Computer is an electronic device or machine in which store and process data or infor-mation
and give us a meaning full result or output is called Computer.
Introduction to Computer
Contents
 Digital and analog computers
 Characteristics of computer—Speed, accuracy, diligence, storage capability, versa-tility
 History of computer—Calculating machines, Napier’s bones, slide rule, Pascal’s add-ing
and subtraction machine, Leibniz’s multiplication and dividing machine, punch
card system, Babbage’s analytical engine, Hollerith’s punched card tabulating machine
 Generations of computer
o First generation (1940 to 1956): Using vacuum tubes
o Second generation (1956 to 1963): Using transistors
o Third generation (1964 to 1971): Using integrated circuits
o Fourth generation (1971 to present): Using microprocessors
o Fifth generation (present and next): Using artificial intelligence
 Classification of computer—Microcomputers (desktop computer or Personal Com-puter
(PC), notebook computers or laptop, netbook, tablet computer, handheld com-puter
or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), smart phones), minicomputers, mainframe
computers, supercomputers
 The computer system—Hardware, software, data, users
 The Input-process-output concept
 Components of computer hardware—Input/output unit, central processing unit,
storage unit
 Application of computers—Education, entertainment, sports, advertising, medicine,
science and engineering, government, home
Digital and Analog Computers
A digital computer uses distinct values to represent the data internally. All information
are represented using the digits 0s and 1s. The computers that we use at our homes and
offices are digital computers.

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Analog computer is another kind of a computer that represents data as variable across a
continuous range of values. The earliest computers were analog computers. Analog com-puters
are used for measuring of parameters that vary continuously in real time, such as
temperature, pressure and voltage. Analog computers may be more flexible but generally
less precise than digital computers. Slide rule is an example of an analog computer.
This book deals only with the digital computer and uses the term computer for them.
Classification of Computer
The digital computers that are available nowadays vary in their sizes and types. The
computers are broadly classified into four categories (Figure 1.8) based on their size and
type—(1) Microcomputers, (2) Minicomputers, (3) Mainframe computers, and (4) Super-computer.
Figure 1.8. Classification of computers based on size and type
1.6.1. Microcomputers
Microcomputers are small, low-cost and single-user digital computer. They consist of
CPU, input unit, output unit, storage unit and the software. Although microcomputers are
stand-alone machines, they can be connected together to create a network of computers
that can serve more than one user. IBM PC based on Pentium microprocessor and Apple
Macintosh are some examples of microcomputers. Microcomputers include desktop
computers, notebook computers or laptop, tablet computer, handheld computer, smart
phones and netbook, as shown in Figure 1.9.

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Figure 1.9. Microcomputers
 Desktop Computer or Personal Computer (PC) is the most common type of microcom-puter.
It is a stand-alone machine that can be placed on the desk. Externally, it consists of
three units—keyboard, monitor, and a system unit containing the CPU, memory, hard
disk drive, etc. It is not very expensive and is suited to the needs of a single user at home,
small business units, and organizations. Apple, Microsoft, HP, Dell and Lenovo are some
of the PC manufacturers.
 Notebook Computers or Laptop resemble a notebook. They are portable and have all the
features of a desktop computer. The advantage of the laptop is that it is small in size (can
be put inside a briefcase), can be carried anywhere, has a battery backup and has all the
functionality of the desktop. Laptops can be placed on the lap while working (hence the
name). Laptops are costlier than the desktop machines.
 Netbook These are smaller notebooks optimized for low weight and low cost, and are de-signed
for accessing web-based applications. Starting with the earliest netbook in late
2007, they have gained significant popularity now. Netbooks deliver the performance
needed to enjoy popular activities like streaming videos or music, emailing, Web surfing
or instant messaging. The word netbook was created as a blend of Internet and notebook.
 Tablet Computer has features of the notebook computer but it can accept input from a
stylus or a pen instead of the keyboard or mouse. It is a portable computer. Tablet com-puter
are the new kind of PCs.
 Handheld Computer or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) is a small computer that can be
held on the top of the palm. It is small in size. Instead of the keyboard, PDA uses a pen or
a stylus for input. PDAs do not have a disk drive. They have a limited memory and are
less powerful. PDAs can be connected to the Internet via a wireless connection. Casio
and Apple are some of the manufacturers of PDA. Over the last few years, PDAs have
merged into mobile phones to create smart phones.
 Smart Phones are cellular phones that function both as a phone and as a small PC. They
may use a stylus or a pen, or may have a small keyboard. They can be connected to the
Internet wirelessly. They are used to access the electronic-mail, download music, play

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games, etc. Blackberry, Apple, HTC, Nokia and LG are some of the manufacturers of
smart phones.
1.6.2. Minicomputers
Minicomputers (Figure 1.10) are digital computers, generally used in multi-user systems.
They have high processing speed and high storage capacity than the microcomputers.
Minicomputers can support 4–200 users simultaneously. The users can access the mini-computer
through their PCs or terminal. They are used for real-time applications in indus-tries,
research centers, etc. PDP 11, IBM (8000 series) are some of the widely used mini-computers.
Figure 1.10. Minicomputer
1.6.3. Mainframe Computers
Mainframe computers (Figure 1.11) are multi-user, multi-programming and high perfor-mance
computers. They operate at a very high speed, have very large storage capacity
and can handle the workload of many users. Mainframe computers are large and powerful
systems generally used in centralized databases. The user accesses the mainframe com-puter
via a terminal that may be a dumb terminal, an intelligent terminal or a PC. A dumb
terminal cannot store data or do processing of its own. It has the input and output device
only. An intelligent terminal has the input and output device, can do processing, but, can-not
store data of its own. The dumb and the intelligent terminal use the processing power
and the storage facility of the mainframe computer. Mainframe computers are used in or-ganizations
like banks or companies, where many people require frequent access to the
same data. Some examples of mainframes are CDC 6600 and IBM ES000 series.
Figure 1.11. Mainframe computer

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1.6.4. Supercomputers
Supercomputers (Figure 1.12) are the fastest and the most expensive machines. They
have high processing speed compared to other computers. The speed of a supercomputer
is generally measured in FLOPS (FLoating point Operations Per Second). Some of the
faster supercomputers can perform trillions of calculations per second. Supercomputers
are built by interconnecting thousands of processors that can work in parallel.
Figure 1.12. Supercomputer
Supercomputers are used for highly calculation-intensive tasks, such as, weather forecast-ing,
climate research (global warming), molecular research, biological research, nuclear
research and aircraft design. They are also used in major universities, military agencies
and scientific research laboratories. Some examples of supercomputers are IBM Road-runner,
IBM Blue gene and Intel ASCI red. PARAM is a series of supercomputer assem-bled
in India by C-DAC (Center for Development of Advanced Computing), in Pune.
PARAM Padma is the latest machine in this series. The peak computing power of
PARAM Padma is 1 Tera FLOP (TFLOP).
The Computer System
Computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, processes the input data by
performing mathematical and logical operations on it, and gives the desired output. The
computer system consists of four parts—(1) Hardware, (2) Software, (3) Data, and (4)
Users. The parts of computer system are shown in Figure 1.13.

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Figure 1.13. Parts of computer system
Hardware consists of the mechanical parts that make up the computer as a machine. The
hardware consists of physical devices of the computer. The devices are required for input,
output, storage and processing of the data. Keyboard, monitor, hard disk drive, floppy
disk drive, printer, processor and motherboard are some of the hardware devices.
Software is a set of instructions that tells the computer about the tasks to be performed
and how these tasks are to be performed. Program is a set of instructions, written in a
language understood by the computer, to perform a specific task. A set of programs and
documents are collectively called software. The hardware of the computer system cannot
perform any task on its own. The hardware needs to be instructed about the task to be
performed. Software instructs the computer about the task to be performed. The hardware
carries out these tasks. Different software can be loaded on the same hardware to perform
different kinds of tasks.
Data are isolated values or raw facts, which by themselves have no much significance.
For example, the data like 29, January, and 1994 just represent values. The data is pro-vided
as input to the computer, which is processed to generate some meaningful infor-mation.
For example, 29, January and 1994 are processed by the computer to give the
date of birth of a person.
Users are people who write computer programs or interact with the computer. They are
also known as skinware, liveware, humanware or peopleware. Programmers, data entry
operators, system analyst and computer hardware engineers fall into this category.
1.7.1. The Input-Process-Output Concept
A computer is an electronic device that (1) accepts data, (2) processes data, (3) generates
output, and (4) stores data. The concept of generating output information from the input
data is also referred to as input-process-output concept.

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The input-process-output concept of the computer is explained as follows—
 Input The computer accepts input data from the user via an input device like keyboard.
The input data can be characters, word, text, sound, images, document, etc.
 Process The computer processes the input data. For this, it performs some actions on the
data by using the instructions or program given by the user of the data. The action could
be an arithmetic or logic calculation, editing, modifying a document, etc. During pro-cessing,
the data, instructions and the output are stored temporarily in the computer’s
main memory.
 Output The output is the result generated after the processing of data. The output may be
in the form of text, sound, image, document, etc. The computer may display the output on
a monitor, send output to the printer for printing, play the output, etc.
 Storage The input data, instructions and output are stored permanently in the secondary
storage devices like disk or tape. The stored data can be retrieved later, whenever needed.
1.7.2. Components of Computer Hardware
The computer system hardware comprises of three main components —
1. Input/Output (I/O) Unit,
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU), and
3. Memory Unit.
The I/O unit consists of the input unit and the output unit. CPU performs calculations and
processing on the input data, to generate the output. The memory unit is used to store the da-ta,
the instructions and the output information. Figure 1.14 illustrates the typical interaction
among the different components of the computer.
Figure 1.14. The computer system interaction

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THERE ARE THREE COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM.
i) INPUT DEVICE, ii) OUTPUT DEVICE, iii)C.P.U.
 Input/Output Unit The user interacts with the computer via the I/O unit. The Input unit
accepts data from the user and the Output unit provides the processed data i.e. the infor-mation
to the user. The Input unit converts the data that it accepts from the user, into a
form that is understandable by the computer. Similarly, the Output unit provides the out-put
in a form that is understandable by the user. The input is provided to the computer us-ing
input devices like keyboard, trackball and mouse. Some of the commonly used output
devices are monitor and printer.
 Central Processing Unit CPU controls, coordinates and supervises the operations of the
computer. It is responsible for processing of the input data. CPU consists of Arithmetic
Logic Unit (ALU) and Control Unit (CU).
 ALU performs all the arithmetic and logic operations on the input data.
 CU controls the overall operations of the computer i.e. it checks the sequence of
execution of instructions, and, controls and coordinates the overall functioning of
the units of computer.
Additionally, CPU also has a set of registers for temporary storage of data, instructions,
addresses and intermediate results of calculation.
 Memory Unit Memory unit stores the data, instructions, intermediate results and output,
temporarily, during the processing of data. This memory is also called the main memory
or primary memory of the computer. The input data that is to be processed is brought into
the main memory before processing. The instructions required for processing of data and
any intermediate results are also stored in the main memory. The output is stored in
memory before being transferred to the output device. CPU can work with the infor-mation
stored in the main memory. Another kind of storage unit is also referred to as the
secondary memory of the computer. The data, the programs and the output are stored
permanently in the storage unit of the computer. Magnetic disks, optical disks and mag-netic
tapes are examples of secondary memory.
Memory is the major components of the CPU. It store data, information and intermediate
results. It supplies when required the stored information to the other parts of the CPU.

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THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MEMORY
INTERNAL MEMORY :-
This is the primary memory of the computer system. The storing capacity of this memory
is less than the external memory.
There are two types of internal memory.
i) RAM (Random Access Memory).
ii) ROM (Read only Memory).
i) RAM :-
It is a type of internal memory. In this memory the user can read and write easily. It mean
you can access (delete, modify and retrieve etc) randomly. One disadvantage of Ram is,
if the power is off, than all the content of Ram is delete so Ram is called volatile memory.
ii) ROM :-
It is a also type of internal memory. In this memory, the user can only read but cant write
anything else. If the is off, no data will be erased.
EXTERNAL MEMORY :-
The storing capacity of this memory is very high and much more than the
internal memory.

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There are two types of External Memory
i) F.D.D. (Floppy Disk Drive), ii) H.D.D. (Hard Disk Drive)
i)F.D.D. :-
It is a type of external memory. The storing capacity of this memory is much more less
than the Hard disk drive. To transfer data from one place to another place we use Floppy
disk drive. The capacity ranges from 1.2 MB to 1.44 MB.
ii) H.D.D. :-
It is also type of external memory. The storing capacity of this memory is much more
longer than others memory. The storing capacity ranges from 10 MB to 1024 GB.
8 BIT = 1BYTES
1024 BYTES = 1 KB (Kilo Bytes)
1024 KB = 1 MB (Mega Bytes)
1024 MB = 1 GB (Giga Bytes)
1024 GB = 1 TB (Tera Bytes)
MOUSE :- It is type of input device by which we can insert data or information into the
computer system.

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There are three button in the Mouse.
1) LEFT BUTTON, 2) RIGHT BUTTON, 3) SCROLL OR WHEEL.
LEFT CLICK BUTTON OR CLICK BUTTON :- Single pressing the left button of
the Mouse is called left click or Click.
DOUBLE CLICK :- Twice pressing the left button of the Mouse is called Double click.
RIGHT CLICK :- Single pressing the right button of the Mouse is called right click.
SCROLL / WHEEL:- For page up & down by scrolling.
Motherboard And Connected Devices

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Office Computer Working With Different
Programming
PAINT
Paint is a type of program in which we can draw picture with different size and color is
called Paint.
To enter into the Paint program
 START ––click––––ALL PROGRAM–––click––––––ACCESSORIES–––click–––––
PAINT.
Your Paint program will open.
To enter into the Paint program by RUN COMMAND
 Start ---Run----type there MSPAINT-----click Ok

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PAINT PAGE WITH TOOLS
FILE
i) NEW :- To open the new page of paint file.
 FILE––click–––––NEW–––click–––––NEW PAGE WILL OPEN
ii) OPEN :- To see all saved file paint.
 FILE–––click––––OPEN––––click–––––ALL SAVED FILE WILL OPEN.
iii) SAVE :- To save file of paint.
 FILE–––click––––SAVE–––click–––––NOW YOU CAN SAVE YOUR FILE.
iv) SAVE AS :- To change the saved file name.
 FILE––––click–––SAVE AS––––click––––NOW YOU CAN CHANGE FILE
NAME

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v) PRINT PREVIEW :- To see the preview before printing.
 FILE–––clcik––––PRINT PREVIEW–––click––––YOU CAN SEE PREVIEW BEFORE
PRINTING.
vi) PRINT :- To print paint file
 FILE–––click–––PRINT––––click––––YOU CAN PRINT YOUR FILE.
EDIT
i) UNDO :- To go to the previous position of the file.
 EDIT–––click–––UNDO–––click––––NOW YOUR FILE WILL GO TO PREVIOUS
POSITION.
ii) SELECT ALL :- To select all picture at a time.
 EDIT–––click–––SELECT ALL–––click–––YOUR WHOLE DOCUMENTS OR PIC-TURE
WILL BE SELECTED.
VIEW
i) TOOL BOX :- To bring or hide the Tool Box from the Monitor screen of the paint page.
 VIEW–––click–––TOOL BOX–––click––––TOOL BOX WILL BE ON MONITOR
SCREEN.
ii) COLOR BOX :- Text tool bar all tools can be hide or bring on Monitor screen by above
same process.

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WORD PAD
It is a type of programs in which we can write text document with different size and
font color.
To enter into Word Pad.
 START–––click–––ALL PROGRAM––––click––––ACCESSORIES–––click––––
WORD PAD–––click–––– YOUR PAGE WILL OPEN.
To enter into the Wordpad program by RUN COMMAND
 Start ---Run----type there WORDPAD-----click Ok
Word pad menu bar also have same function a in Paint.
EDIT
i) COPY :- To Copy the selected text
 EDIT–––click–––COPY–––click–––YOUR TEXT WILL BE COPIED.
ii) PASTE :- To Paste the copied text.
 EDIT–––click–––PASTE–––click–––YOUR TEXT WILL BE PASTE.
iii) CUT :- To cut the selected text.
 EDIT––click––––CUT–––click–––YOUR TEXT WILL BE CUT.
iv) SELECT ALL :- To selected all text at a time.
 EDIT––click––––SELECT ALL–––click––––ALL TEXT WILL BE SELECTED.

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WINDOW EXPLORER
In Windows Explorer we can make folder or directory and also can able to search any file or
folder.
FOLDER OR DIRECTORY :- It is a storing or holding place where we can store any file
or subfolder in it.
How To Make Folder Or Directory-
 Right click in any drive and click on open. Now you entered in the drive. Here you again
–––R.click–––– -FOLDER––––click–––––NEW–––––click––––YOUR FOLDER IS
MADE.
To Change The Folder Name-
 ON THE FOLDER––––R.click–––––RENAME–––––click––––NOW YOU CAN
CHANGE NAME
To Delete The Folder-
 ON THE FOLDER––––R.click–––––DELETE–––––click––––NOW YOUR FOLDER
IS DELETED.
To Enter Into Folder
 ON THE FOLDER––––R.click–––––OPEN–––––click––––NOW YOU CAN ENTER
INTO FOLDER.

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To Copy & Paste Folder-
 ON THE FOLDER––––R.click–––––COPY–––––click––––NOW FOLDER IS COP-IED.
MICROSOFT OFFICE WORD 2007
It is type of program in which we can write text and also can able to insert picture with
deferent color and size is called Microsoft Word.
To enter into the Microsoft Word Program
 START–––click––––ALL PROGRAM––––click––––MICROSOFT OFFICE––––click–
––– MICROSOFT OFFICE WORD 2007------ Click----- PAGE WILL OPEN.
To enter into the Microsoft word program by RUN COMMAND
 Start ---Run----type there WINWORD-----click Ok
In Microsoft Word page, a number of short cut key are available, These are given below-
 CTRL+A :- All select (sentence or text) in M.S. Word page.
 CTRL+B :- To bold the selected text.
 CTRL+I :- To italics the selected text.
 CTRL+U :- To underline the selected text.
 CTRL+Z :- To go the previous position.
 CTRL+2 :- To give double space in between the lines of text.

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 CTRL+1 :- To give single space in between the line of text.
 CTRL+5 :- To give 1.5 spaces between the line of text.
 CTRL+C :- To copy selected text.
 CTRL+INSERT :- To copy selected text.
 CTRL+V :- To paste the copied text.
 SHIFT+INSERT :- To paste the copied text.
 CTRL+X :- To cut the selected text.
 BACKSPACE :- To cut the single letter from back.
 DELETE :- To cut the single letter from front.
 CTRL+S :- To save the M.S. Word file.
 F12 :- To open the save option of M.S. Word.
 CTRL+L :- To bring the selected text at the left side.
 CTRL+R :- To bring the selected text at the right side.
 CTRL+E :- To bring the selected text at the middle.
 CTRL+D :- To open the font option.
 CTRL+ [ ] :- To increase or decrease the font size.
 END :- Go to end of line
 HOME :- Go to home of line
 CTRL + END :- Go to end of document
 CTRL + HOME :- Go to top of document
 SHIFT + END :- Highlight from current position to end of line
 SHIFT + HOME :- Highlight from current position to beginning of line
 SHIFT+ :- Select particularly top to bottom(single or more lines)
 SHIFT+ :- Select particularly left to right (single or more lines)
 CTRL + :- Move one word to the left at a time
 CTRL + :- Move one word to the right at a time
 SHIFT+F3 :- To change the letters from capital to small And small
to capital and to sentence case also.
 CTRL+K :- To make Hyperlink (attachment).
 CTRL+SHIFT+8 :- To see spaces in between the lines or words.
 START+M :- To minimize the active windows page.
 ALT+TAB :- To open the active window page.
 START+D :- To minimize & restore the all active windows.
 CTRL+F10 :- To maximize & Restore the active MS. Word Page.
 ALT+F4 :- To close the entire active window page directly.
HOME:-
All option in Home like Formatting of Fonts
 Bold :- To bold the selected text
 Italics :- To italics the selected text.
 Underline :- To underline the selected text.
 Strikethrough :- To draw a line through the middle of selected text.
 Subscript & Super Sct. :- To Create small letter below & above the text baseline.
 Change Case :- To change letter in other cases.
 Font Style :- To change the font Style.
 Size :- To increase or decrease the font size.
 Highlight Color :- To apply the highlight color in selected text.
 Font Color :- To change the color of font.
 Bullets & Numbering :- To apply bullets & Numbering.

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 Alignment :- To set the alignment (Like Left, Right, Middle& Justify).
 Shading :- To set shading in line.
 Indent Configuration :- To set the indent or tab configuration.
 Show & Hide :- To mark hide space & symbols.
 Styles :- To give styles in text like heading1 & heading2.
 Find & Replace :- To find and replace to the content from page.
 Select :- To select all & object from file.
INSERT:-
 Cover Page :- To apply the cover page.
 Blank Page :- To open a new window page.
 Page Break :- To page break for a new blank page.
 Insert Table :- To insert a table format.
 Draw Table, Color in line
Fill color in table box &
Remove draw line :- To fill color in table box & change line color, draw &
remove lines.(Select table—go to Design—Shading,
Border, Line weight, Line Color, Draw table & Eraser.
 Insert Column, Delete,
Merge Table & Text Align. :- To insert column, delete, merge & text alignment.
(Select table—Go to—Layout and also modify to table.
 Picture, Clip art & Shapes :- To insert a picture, Clip art & Auto Shapes.
 Edit to Line & Arrow Shapes :- To edit auto shapes select shape -- format-- shape out
line—then change color or styles.
 Smart art & Chart :- To apply Smart art & Chart Clip.
 Hyperlink :- To attach or make hyperlink from one file to another file.
 Header & Footer :- To apply & Remove header & footer
for creat a title in header and footer in the page.
 Page Number :- To insert & remove page number of page.
 Text Box :- To creat a Text box for writing & insert picture.
 Quick Parts :- To apply a quick parts word for find a word Indicate that
which word refer to author, page title or company name
or profile.
 Word Art :- To create Word art with Outline Boader & shading.
 Drop Cap :- To make a drop cap of a word or sentence.
 Date and Time :- To insert date & time.
 Object :- To draw a object or insert text from other file.
 Equation & symbol :- To insert equational symbol or other symbol.
PAGE LAYOUT
Page layout is formatting for the setup page by Themes Color, Size, column, Page break,
Line number, Watermark, Page Color, Page Borders, indent size, Spacing & by Alignment.
 Themes Color :- To change themes color means page water
marks color change specialist by themes color.
 Margins :- To setup page size by margins.
 Orientation :- To change page to Landscape to Portrait.
 Size :- To setup page size in A4, A5, Legal size & other.

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 Columns :- To divided page in Columns.
 Breaks :- To apply break of page.
 Line Number :- To insert number by line, Section & Every Page.
 Watermark :- To apply water mark text or picture as a background
 Edit Watermark :- Go to Page Layout – Watermark—
Custom or edit & Remove to Watermark.
 Page Color :- To apply and remove page color with fill effect.
 Page Borders :- To apply and remove Borders & Page Borders &
Line shading in highlight color of a sentence.
 Indent :- To increase & decrease indent size or Tab setup.
 Spacing :- To give spacing before & after paragraph.
 Position & Page layout :- To give a position to object & order to object for
Bring to front, Sent to back & text wrapping.
 Align. & Rotate :- To give a align to selected object & also Rotating.
REFERENCES
 Table of Content :- To create a table content on project by a Page-wise.
 Add text & Update table :- To add text & update table for new addition in table.
 Insert Footnote & Endnote :- To Insert footing & ending notes or title of pages.
 Insert Citation & Manage :- To insert citation & manage by a record of any Report,
Project, Bibliography & Author (Example- Type Written
Books then record of whose person written by, when,
where & why total record of documents.)
 Insert Caption :- To insert caption & table content with page numbers.
MAILINGS
MAIL MERGE:- To create multi letter and also merge all the letters in a single file this is
called Mail merge.
 Envelopes & Labels :- To create Envelopes & Labels print like a postal letter.
 Mail Merge :- To Start a mail merge ---Mailing-Click--Start Mail
Merge-click—Letter-click—Select Recipient-click—
Type new list-click—Fill the Date Page by Title, First
Name, Last Name, Company Name, Address,
Phone Number etc.
REVIEW
 Spelling & Grammar :- To check Spelling & Grammar of Word-Content.
 Thesaurus :- To get a nearest meaning of word--Select word-Review-click—
thesaurus-click—show meaning in right side.
 Comment insert & Remove :- To add a comment with a word or sentence.(Select
word—review—new comment-click --show space in
right side of the page where we can write your comment.
 Comment Delete & Show Step:- To delete single or all comment and also show Previous
& Next comment step by step.
 Reviewing Pane :- To show & hide reviewing pane.
 Show Comments & Tracks :- To show or hide comments or tracks –click-Reviewing—

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Accept –Accept & Move to next for showing also click
on reject for hide all tracking.
 Compare :- To Compare between two documents if any changed.
 Protect Document :- No required without protected software.
VIEW
 Print layout :- To view page with page setup & Print Layout.
 Full Screen Reading :- To view documents in full Screening.
 Web layout :- To View documents with Web Layout.
 Outline View & Hide :- To View & Hide Outline Mode.
 Draft :- To view draft mode to the document.
 Ruler, Gridlines, Doc. Map :- To View Ruler, Gridlines & Document Map.
 Thumbnails :- To View All pages in Thumbnails Mode in Left Side
Page.
 Zoom & View Pages :- To View in Zoom and also view with 1 to more pages.
 New Window :- To View New Windows in same window page.
 Arrange All :- To arrange all document for showing at a time for work-ing.
 Split & Remove Split :- To work with one page with splitting.
 View Side by Side :- To View more page in Horizontal in one screening page.
 Synchronous Scrolling :- To Synchronized the scrolling of two documents togeth-er.
 Reset windows Position :- To Reset position of the document being Compared.
 Switch Windows :- To Switch a different currently Open Window.
MICROSOFT OFFICE EXCEL 2007
Excel is a type of data sheet page in which we can create A/c. Balance, Profit and Loss
Accounts and Expenditure Accounts etc in a table is called Excel.
To enter into the Excel program:-
 START––click–-ALL PROGRAM––click–– Microsoft office—click--Microsoft office
excel 2007—click--NOW EXCEL PAGE WILL OPEN.
To enter into the Microsoft Excel program by RUN COMMAND
 Start ---Run----type there EXCEL-----click Ok
In a single page total no. of Column is 350, and total no. of Row is 1048576.

23. 23
EXCEL PAGE WITH CHART
All the Calculation we made in Excel is through the formulas.
For Addition :-
=SUM(first cell add : last cell add) enter
For Subtraction :-
=Large cell add – Small cell add enter
For Multiply :-
=Product(first cell add : last cell add) enter
For Division :-
=Large cell add / small cell add enter
For Average :-
=Average(first cell add : last cell add) enter.
For Percentage :-
=cell add*5% , 10%, or 15% enter.
For Square Root :-
=SQRT(cell add)enter.

24. 24
For Square :-
=cell add ^ 2,3,4, etc enter.
To see the current date and time:-
=Now ( ) enter.
To see the current date:-
=Today ( ) enter.
To see the current time:-
Ctrl + Shift + ;
For making all letter as a Capitals.
=Upper (cell add) enter.
For making all letter as Sentence case.
=Proper(cell add) enter.
For making all letter as Small case.
=Lower(cell add) enter.
SALARY OR PAY SLIP
NAME DESIG. BASIC D.A. T.A. H.R.A. T.D.S. LOAN GROSS= NET =
Name of
Employ-ee
Post Monthly
payment
(40%
OF
BASIC
)
(10%
OF
BASI
C)
(15%
OF
BASIC
)
(5 % OF
BASIC)
Deduc-tion
amount
for loan
from
basic
Basic+
D.a.+
T.a.+
H.r.a
Gross-
T.d.s-
Loan
TO CHANGE THE COLOUR OF VALUE IN CONDITION.
=SELECT A COLUMN –HOME-- CONDITIONAL FORMATING- SELECT A
CONDITION AND APPLY A COLOUR- OK.
TO APPLY A AUTO-FORMAT COLOUR IN PAGE.
= SELECT SPACE – - HOME--FORMAT AS TABLE—CHOOSE A DESIGN.
TO SHOW INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CELL FORMULA .
= SELECT CELL – CLICK IN FORMULA- TRACE PRECEDENTS.
.

25. 25
TO SHOW THE DETAIL OF SINGLE SALARY SLIP.
= SELECT HEAD TITLE OF ROW – DATA- FILTER – Select a range of amount –Ok.
TO GET THE MAXIMUM VALUE.
= MAX(SELECT COLUMN OR ROW) ENTER =max(A1:A5)
TO GET THE MINIMUM VALUE.
= MIN(SELECT COLUMN OR ROW) ENTER =min(A1:A5)
TO COUNT THE TOTAL NUMBER OF CELL VALUE.
= COUNT(SELECT COLUMN OR ROW) ENTER
TO GET THE SUM IN IF CONDITION.
=SUMIF(SELECT A COLUMN VALUE,”>10000”)
TO GET THE AVERAGE IN IF CONDITION.
=AVERAGEIF(SELECT A COLUMN VALUE,”>10000”)
TO GET THE VALUE IN ROUND FIGURE.
=ROUND(CELL ADD,0)
TO GET THE ROUNDUP VALUE.
=ROUNDUP(CELL ADD,0)
TO COUNT THE TOTAL NUMBER OF BLANK CELL.
= COUNTBLANK(SELECT COLUMN OR ROW) ENTER =countblank(A1:A5)
Or
=COUNTIF(SELECT A COLUMN,””) PRESS ENTER.
TO COUNT THE TOTAL NUMBER OF NON-BLANK CELL.
=COUNTA(SELECT A TOTAL COLUMN WITH VALUE & TEXT)
TO COUNT THE TOTAL NUMBER OF GRATER THAN /
LESS THAN CELL VALUE.
= COUNTIF(SELECT ALL COLUMN VALUE) ENTER =countif(A1:A5,”>10000”)

26. 26
TO COUNT THE TOTAL NUMBER OF YES/NO & Present and absent
CELL ADD.
=COUNTIFS(B2:D2,"=Yes")
TO GET THE PERCENTAGE IN IF CONDITION AFTER A FIX RANGE.
(Suppose VALUE is 400000, for that got 10% interest, but I want got a % increase
2% in every step of increasing value of basic 450000/-.
=IF(J14=450000, J14*10%, IF(J14>450000, J14*10%)+(J14*2%))
INT(10%)
700000 84000.00 (10+2%)
70000(10%)
14000(2%)
Sales Person Work Quota 1st Day Work Quota
2nd Day
Work Quota 3rd Day
NIRAJ Yes No No
KAMLESH Yes Yes No
AFSHANA Yes Yes Yes
RAJA No Yes Yes
=countifs (select a column,”=yes”) enter.
Formula Description (result)
=COUNTIFS(B2:D2,"=Yes") Counts how many times NIRAJ exceeded a sales quota for
Widgets, Gadgets, and Doodads (1)
=COUNTIFS(B2:B5,"=Yes",C2:C5,
"=Yes")
Counts how many sales people exceeded both their KAMLESH
and AFSHANA Quota (2)

27. 27
TO KNOW TOTAL SALE BY MONTHLY.
= SUMIFS (SELECT SALES COLUMN, SELECT YEAR COLUMN,”=
2001”,SELECTMONTH COLUMN,”=1”).
TO SUM AFTER SQUARE ROOT WITH MORE CELL ADDRESS.
=SUMSQ(Number1, Number2, Number3 & more) Enter.
TO SUM AFTER SQUARE BETWEEN MORE CELL ADDRESSES.
=SUMX2PY2(A1:A3,B1:B3) …………………………………..………>
TO SUM IN IF CONDITION AFTER MATCHING SAME NUMBER
IN ARRAY.
=SUMIF(A1:A10,20,B1:B10)……….……………………….…………>
TO CALCULATE NUMBER OF DAYS BETWEEN TWO DATES.
=AFTER DATE – PREVIOUSE DATE. (Example: 6/20/2013 & 6/8/2013)
TO CALCULATE / OCCURRING MONTH BETWEEN TWO DATES
IN THE SAME YEAR.
2 4
4 8
6 12
2 4
4 8
6 12
20 16
10 20
12 24
14 28
16 32
18 20
20 40
22 8

28. 28
=MONTH(SELECT AFTER DATE) – MONTH(SELECT PREVIOUS DATE).
(Example: Month(6/20/2013) – Month(6/8/2013).
TO CALCULATE / OCCURRING MONTH BETWEEN TWO DATES IN OVER
A YEAR.
A
1 DATE
2 6/9/2013
3 9/2/2013
4 12/10/2013
=(YEAR(A4)-YEAR(A3))*12+MONTH(A4)-MONTH(A3)
TO CALCULATE YEAR BETWEEN TWO DATES.
A
1 DATE
2 6/9/2007
3 9/4/2010
=YEAR(A3)-YEAR(A2)
TO CALCULATE DAYS BETWEEN TWO DATES.
A
1 DATE
2 6/9/2007
3 9/4/2010
=A3-A2
TO CALCULATE TOTAL HOUR BETWEEN TWO TIMES.
A B
1 START TIME END TIME
2 6/9/2007 10:35 AM 6/10/2007 3:30 PM
=INT((B2-A2)*24)
TO CALCULATE TOTAL MINUTE BETWEEN TWO TIMES.

29. 29
=(B2-A2)*1440
TO CALCULATE TOTAL SECOND BETWEEN TWO TIMES.
=(B2-A2)*86400
TO CONVERT DAYS TO HOUR.
A
1 DATA
2 6
=CONVERT(A2,”day”,”hr”)…………………(type day and hr in small letter)
TO CONVERT HOUR TO MINUTE.
=CONVERT(A2,”hr”,”mn”)………….(type hour and minute in small letter)
TO CONVERT YEARS TO DAYS.
=CONVERT(A2,”yr”,”day”)………….(type year and day in small letter)
TO CALCULATE THE NUMBER OF DAYS BETWEEN TWO DATES
IN NETWORKDAYS FUNCTIONAL FORMULA (NDAYS=5 WORKING DAYS).
=NETWORKDAYS(A1,A2,A3:A4)
TO KNOW TOTAL SALE BY YEARLY
START 7/9/2012
FINISH 11/2/2012
HOLIDAY -1 9/3/2012
HOLIDAY -2 10/8/2012
=SUMIF(SELECT YEAR COLUMN,”=2001”,SELECT SALES COLUMN)

30. 30
COUPDAYSNC function
Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date.
Syntax
COUPDAYSNC(settlement,maturity,frequency,basis)
Important Dates should be entered by using the DATE function, or as results of
other formulas or functions. For example, use DATE(2008,5,23) for the 23rd day of
May, 2008. Problems can occur if dates are entered as text.
Settlement is the security's settlement date. The security settlement date is the date
after the issue date when the security is traded to the buyer.
Maturity is the security's maturity date. The maturity date is the date when the se-curity
expires.
Frequency is the number of coupon payments per year. For annual payments, fre-quency
= 1; for semiannual, frequency = 2; for quarterly, frequency = 4.
Basis is the type of day count basis to use.
Basis Day count basis
0 or omitted US (NASD) 30/360
1 Actual/actual
2 Actual/360
3 Actual/365
4 European 30/360

31. 31
Remarks
 Microsoft Excel stores dates as sequential serial numbers so they can be used in calcula-tions.
By default, January 1, 1900 is serial number 1, and January 1, 2008 is serial num-ber
39448 because it is 39,448 days after January 1, 1900. Microsoft Excel for the Mac-intosh
uses a different date system as its default.
 The settlement date is the date a buyer purchases a coupon, such as a bond. The maturity
date is the date when a coupon expires. For example, suppose a 30-year bond is issued
on January 1, 2008, and is purchased by a buyer six months later. The issue date would
be January 1, 2008, the settlement date would be July 1, 2008, and the maturity date
would be January 1, 2038, which is 30 years after the January 1, 2008, issue date.
 All arguments are truncated to integers.
 If settlement or maturity is not a valid date, COUPDAYSNC returns the #VALUE! error
value.
 If frequency is any number other than 1, 2, or 4, COUPDAYSNC returns the #NUM! er-ror
value.
 If basis < 0 or if basis > 4, COUPDAYSNC returns the #NUM! error value.
 If settlement ≥ maturity, COUPDAYSNC returns the #NUM! error value.
1
2
3
4
5
A B
Data Description
January 25, 2007 Settlement date
November 15, 2008 Maturity date
2 Semiannual coupon (see above)
1 Actual/actual basis (see above)
Formula Description (Result)
=COUPDAYSNC(A2,A3,A4,A5) The number of days from the settlement date to the
next coupon date, for a bond with the above terms
(110)
Settlement Date 25-Jan-07
Maturity Date 15-Nov-08
Semiannual coupon 2
Actual/actual basis 1
TO KNOW HOW MUCH DAY REST FOR NEW SETTLEMENT=
COUPDAYSNC(G3,G4,G5,G6)
Total count coupon date in
day as period settlement ba-sis
After = 110 Days
TO KNOW NEXT COUPON DATE AFTER SETTLEMENT DATE AS PERIOD
BASIS.
=COUPNCD(J4,J5,J6,J7)

32. 32
Coupan Date is 15/5/2007 by help above formula.
Calculate a compound annual growth rate
(CAGR)
A compound annual growth rate (CAGR) measures the rate of return for an invest-ment
— such as a mutual fund or bond —over an investment period, such as 5 or 10
years. The CAGR is also called a "smoothed" rate of return because it measures the
growth of an investment as if it had grown at a steady rate on an annually compounded
basis. To calculate a CAGR, use the XIRR function.
A B
1 VALUE DATE
2 -10000 January 1, 2008
3 2750 March 1, 2008
4 4250 October 30, 2008
5 3250 February 15, 2009
6 2750 April 1, 2009
=XIRR(A2:A6,B2:B6) THE COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE
(0.373362535 OR 37.34%)
COMBINE TEXT WITH A DATE OR TIME.
A
1 DATA
2 BILLING DATE / STATEMENT DATE
3 6-MAR-1985
="STATEMENT DATE: "&TEXT(A3, "D-MMM-YYYY")
CONVERT MEASUREMENTS.
A
1 DATA
2 6

33. 33
CONVERT 6 DEGREES CELSIUS TO FAHRENHEIT
=CONVERT(A2,"C","F")…………………………….Ans.. (42.8)
CONVERT 6 TEASPOONS TO TABLESPOONS
=CONVERT(A2,"TSP","TBS")………………………Ans.. (2)
CONVERT 6 GALLONS TO LITERS
=CONVERT(A2,"GAL","L") ………………………..Ans….(22.71741274)
CONVERT 6 MILES TO KILOMETERS
=CONVERT(A2,"MI","KM") …………………….…Ans…..(9.656064)
CONVERT 6 KILOMETERS TO MILES
=CONVERT(A2,"KM","MI") ……………………......Ans…..(3.728227153)
CONVERT 6 INCHES TO FEET
=CONVERT(A2,"IN","FT") ………………………….Ans…..(0.5)
CONVERT 6 CENTIMETERS TO INCHES
=CONVERT(A2,"CM","IN") …………………………Ans…..(2.362204724)
FORMULAE OF RESULT
AT FIRST PUT THE NAME OF CANDIDATES & MARKS OF SUBJECTS.
TO GET THE TOTAL OF MARKS:-
=SUM(first cell add : last cell add) enter.
TO GET THE DIVISION OF MARKS:-
=IF(H3>300,"FIRST",IF(H3>200,"SECOND",IF(H3>150,"THIRD”,IF(H3<150,”FAIL"))))
TO GET THE AVERAGE OF MARKS:-
=Cell add (of total marks)/5, total subject number).
TO GET THE PERCENTAGE OF MARKS OBTAINED OUT OF FULL/TOTAL
MARKS:-
=Select Cell add (Marks obtained)/Total with % Symbol) Enter

34. 34
EXAMPLE OF RESULT:-
SUBJECT
SL,NO NAME HIS GEO HIN SCIENCE MATH TOTAL DIVISION AVERAGE
1 MANOJ 98 10 10 12 25 155 THIRD 31
2 SAROJ 50 42 65 12 54 223 SECOND 44.6
3 NIRAJ 40 50 45 42 55 232 SECOND 46.4
4 PUJA 55 75 88 98 55 371 FIRST 74.2
5 MUKESH 60 48 58 69 66 301 FIRST 60.2
V-LOOKUP
Searches for a value in the first column of a table array and returns a value in the same
row from another column in the table array.
The V in VLOOKUP stands for vertical. Use VLOOKUP instead of HLOOKUP when
your comparison values are located in a column to the left of the data that you want to
find.
For V-lookup Exact/Approx matching in a table array:-
At first create two table array:-
a) Student Detail-Name,Score,Grade & Verbal Details
b) Test Score, Letter Grade & Verbal Details. (Select This Table and create a table name-
Ex-Scoretable.)
STUDENT SCORE GRADE
VERBAL
DETAIL
Criteria
Range
→
TEST
SCORE
LETTER
GRADE
FOR GRADE =VLOOKUP(SELECT SCORE,TABLE NAME,2,TRUE)
FOR VERBAL=VLOOKUP(SELECT SCORE,TABLE NAME,3,TRUE)
VERBAL
DETAILS
NIRAJ 70 50 e/f failor
AFSHANA 90 60 d very poor
FIZA 80 70 c below avergae
KAMLESH 80 80 b average
BIKRAM 90 90 a above average
ROSHNI 94 100 a+ excellent

35. 35
Let's assume we are given the following sales table:
If you wish to retrieve Dan's January sales (hence cell B3), the vlookup function will be:
=vlookup("Dan" , a2:c4 , 2 , false)
Let's go over the different parts of the function in plain English (note the highlighted parts in the
following sentence, taken out directly from the formula):
The function will look for the word "Dan" at the first (left) column of the range a2:c4. It will re-trieve
the value adjacent to it on the 2nd column (thus the "January" column). The word "false"
tells the function to find Exactly the word "Dan", and not something close or similar to it. A way
to make the function more readable is to name the table, and use this name in the vlookup func-tion:
Select the table (no need to include the headers row), and write a name inside the name box
(its located at the top left of the screen). In our vlookup example, we used the name "salesTable"
(Try to avoid using spaces).
=vlookup("Dan",salesTable,2,false).
And what if you don't want to retrieve always Dan's January sales, but to retrieve the name
that will be written in cell A6?
=vlookup(A6,salesTable,2,false)
And if you wish the function to retrieve February's sales (instead of January)?

36. 36
=vlookup(A6,salesTable,3,false)
H-LOOKUP
Sales Report by Month/Year with Product Name.
PRODUCT NAME RICE DAL PAPAD SWEETS MASALA OIL
JAN 123 324 232 323 424 134
FEB 146 333 235 330 458 154
MAR 152 357 276 348 425 132
APR 155 352 270 350 420 430
MAY 170 220 300 450 500 550
Formula=HLOOKUP(SELECT FIRST ONE PRODUCT,SELECT TOTAL TABLE AREA,
RAW NO,FALSE)
SALES
ITEM MONTHLY REPORT
PRODUCT RICE JANUARY FEBUARY MARCH APRIL MAY
123 146 152 155 170
HOW TO MAKE CALENDER
STEP 1: TYPE SUNDAY TO SATURDAY ROWWISE.
STEP 2: TYPE DATE 1 TO 7 (IF DATE START FROM TUESDAY THEN TYPE IN
SUNDAY-2 & -1 in MONDAY.
STEP 3: SELECT SPACE WHERE INSERT DATE FROM 1-31.
STEP 4: GO TO- HOME-FILL OPTION- SERIES-CLICK ON COLUMN & LINEAR-TYPE
1-31-OK.
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
-2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
5 6 8 9 10 11 12
12 13 15 16 17 18 19
19 20 22 23 24 25 26
26 27 29 30 31

37. 37
HOME
Cut, Copy Paste :- To cut, Copy & Paste the selected cell.
Formatting of text :- To format text or cell by Font style, Size, Cell
Box in print, Cell background color, Font color,
Cell Alignment, Text alignment, Increase & De
crease indent size, Text Rotation, Merge & center,
specific format in Numerical, conditional format
ting, format as table, cell style, Inserting & Deleting
of cell formatting.
INSERT & Shortcut Key
Insert Clip, Text box, Chart etc :- To insert table, clip, pictures, auto shapes,
hyperlink, text box, Header & footer, word art,
signature line, Object & symbol.
Chart :-F11 (by Keyboard)
Insert a NewWorksheet :- Alt+Shift+F1 (“)
Strikethrogh in selected text :- Ctrl+5 (“)
Minimize the Current Sheet :- Ctrl +F9 (“)
Maximize the Current Sheet :- Ctrl +F10 (“)
Switching in open Worksheet :- Ctrl +F6 / Ctrl+Tab (“)
Move between Excel Worksheet
In same documents :- Ctrl Page up /Page down (“)
Move One Screen up/Down in sheet :- Page up/Page Down (“)
Move One Screen Left/Right in sheet:- Alt +Page up/Page Down (“)
Auto sum of all above cell :-Alt + = (“)
Insert the value of above cell :-Ctrl+’ (“)
Number in Comma(10.00) Format :- Ctrl+Shift+! (“)
Number in CurrencyFormat :- Ctrl+Shift+$ (“)
Number in Date Format :- Ctrl+Shift+# (“)
Move to next section :-Ctrl+ (“)

38. 38
Select Entire column :- Ctrl+Space button (“)
Select Entire Row :- Shift+Space button (“)
Enter the Current Time :- Ctrl+Shift+; (“)
Enter the Current Date :- Ctrl + ; (“)
Hide Row :- Ctrl + ( (“)
Unhide Row :- Ctrl +Shift ( (“)
Insert Row :- Alt + I +R (“)
Hide Column :- Ctrl +) (“)
Unhide Column :- Ctrl +Shift+) (“)
Insert Column :- Alt + I +C (“)
Remove the outline Border from Cell:- Ctrl + Shift+_ (“)
Apply the General Number Format :- Ctrl + Shift+~ (“)
Copy the value from above cell :- Ctrl + Shift+” (“)
Insert Cell, Column & Row :- Ctrl + Shift+ + (“)
Delete Cell, Column & Row :- Ctrl + - (“)
Show all formula in sheet :- Ctrl + ` (“)
Display the format cell dialog box :- Ctrl + ! (“)
Insert Cell, Column & Row :- Ctrl + Shift+ + (“)
Apply or Remove Bold Formatting :- Ctrl + @ / B (“)
Apply or Remove Italic Formatting :- Ctrl + # / I (“)
Apply or Remove Underline :- Ctrl + $ / U (“)
Apply or Remove Strikthrough :- Ctrl + % (“)
Display the Go to option :- Ctrl + G / F5 (“)
Display the Find & Replace option :- Ctrl + H / F (“)
Open a Blank New Worksheet :- Ctrl + N (“)
Open or Find Saved file :- Ctrl + O (“)

39. 39
Select all cell that contains Comment:- Ctrl + Shift+ O (“)
Close the Selected Excel Window :- Ctrl + W (“)
Repeat Last find Or Last action :- Shift + F4 / F4 (“)
PAGE LAYOUT
Margins :- To setup a page with office excel margin.
Custom margin :- To custom or change margin setup in required.
Orientation :- To setup page in Portrait & Landscape.
Size :- To set a page size in specific format.
Print area :- To Set a print area & remove.
Break :- To break a page & remove option by reset break.
Background :- To apply a page background color & picture.
Print Title :- To specify raw and column to repeat on each
printed page in Top & bottom of the page.
Width & Height :- To keep always automatic option.
Scale :- To stretch & shrink (Page size increase or
decrease in %) in percentage actual page size.
Gridlines View & Print :- To view & print gridlines.
Heading View & Print :- To view & print Headings.
Bring, Send & Selection object :- To bring in front, send to back & select object.
Align, Group & Rotate :- To keep alignment with Multi Object, Grouping
with & also rotate. (after Select more object by
pressing CTRL. And apply align, group & rotate).
FORMULAS
Auto sum, Recently Used :- To use of Autosum for Addition & use recently
function.
Logical :- To see operation formulas by logically. Example:-
(Which are True, False, Error etc.)
Text :- To add text and convert into the Code of Text,
Code of Number, Convert text into Upper, Lower
and more converting option.
Date & Time :- To insert date & Time in different format.
Lookup & Reference :- To insert hyperlink from text file by formulas.
Math & Trig. :- To convert the numeric to different math & Trig.
More Function :- To use more function. (Ex:-Word count, Average)
Name Manager :- To create a Sheet Editor name or whose are man
ager & projector of Sheet 1,2 & 3.) & define, Use
in Formula.
Trace Precedents :- To show arrow that indicate what cell affect the
value of the currently selecting cell.
Trace Dependents :- To show arrow that indicate what cell are affected
by Currently selected cell.
Remove arrows :- To remove all arrows from the Excel sheet.

40. 40
Show & Evaluate Formula :- To show & Evaluate formula.
Watch Windows :- To Show details of Cell formulas by added user.
DATA
Short A to Z :- To See the selected area by ascending order.
Short Z to A :- To see the selected area by descending order.
Show & Hide Filter :- To show & hide filter means see particulars de-tailing.
Advance Filter :-
Code Items Company Rate Purchase
Rate
With Tax
Sale Rate Discount
10%
A001 HDD SAMSUNG 400 440 500 40
B002 MONITER SAMSUNG 500 550 600 50
C003 HDD HITAVHI 600 660 700 60
D004 SPEAKER CREATIVE 800 890 900 80
E007 MONITER SAMSUNG 500 550 600 50
Step:-1- Create a Above table name in cell address is “database” and press enter.
Step:-2- Copy Table Heading and Paste another place like as…..
Code Items Company Rate Purchase
Rate
With Tax
Sale Rate Discount
10%
SAMSUNG
Step:-3- Create a Above table name in cell address is “filter” and press enter.
Step:- 4- select a space where you paste your same data in all data register with advance
filter- go to- menu bar-data – advance filter- click on filter the list option- click on
right ref icon and select or type pre database- and select range –click on right side
ref.icon and select filter date or select short filter date and select option of copy to
another location-select a space and ok.
Consolidate :- Combine value from multiple ranges into a new range.
Sheet-1 Sheet-2 Sheet-3
item qnt rate amount item qnt rate amount item qnt rate amount
a 10 200 2000 a 20 200 4000 a 30 400 6000
b 20 400 8000 b 30 400 8000 b 50 800 16000
c 30 500 15000 c 40 500 10000 c 70 1000 25000
d 40 450 18000 d 50 450 9000 d 90 900 27000

41. 41
Create Outline & Clear :- To create & clear outline for raw and column.
DATA VALIDATION FORMULA
(ONLY PRACTICAL OFFICE WORK)
CATEGORY ITEM
UNIT
PRICE
INEFFICIENT METHOD BETTER WAY
FRUIT ↓ MANGO↓ CATEGORIES ITEM FRUIT FERNITURE OTHERS
FERNITURE CHAIR FRUIT MANGO MANGO TABLE LAPTOP
FRUIT BANANA FERNITURE APPLE APPLE CHAIR HDD
FERNITURE CHAIR OTHERS BANANA BANANA CABINET FDD
FRUIT APPLE GVAVA GVAVA FIXTURE RAM
OTHERS HDD GRAPES GRAPES WOODEN CD
CABINET DVD
HDD
TABLE
LAPTOP
CHAIR
STEP 1:- TYPE ALL DATA LIKE SHOWN ABOVE.
STEP 2:- SELECT CELL A3 UNDER CATEGORY AND CLICK-DATA-DATA
VALIDATION- ALLOW-SELECT-LIST-SOURCE-SELECT CATEGORY
ITEM-OK-CREAT DROP DOWN LIST UNDER CATEGORY.
STEP 3:- SELECT CELL A4 UNDER ITEMS AND CLICK-DATA-DATA VALIDA-TION-
ALLOW-SELECT-LIST-SOURCE-SELECT ALL ITEM-OK-CREAT
DROP DOWN LIST UNDER ITEMS.
STEP 4:- IF YOU ARE CREATE SOURCE FOR ATTOMATIC DROP DOWN LIST IF
FRUIT IN CATEGORY THEN COMES ONLY FRUITS ITEM IN ITEM
COLUMN.
SELECT ITEMCELL A4 UNDER ITEMS AND CLICK-DATA-DATA
VALIDATION-SOURCE- TYPE FORMULA :………….
=IF(A3="FRUIT",fruit,IF(A3="FERNITURE",ferniture,IF(A3="OTHERS",others)))
STEP 5:- IF YOU ARE CREATE A ERROR MASSAGE FOR WRONG ENTRY IN
CATEGORY & ITEMS COLUMN THEN SELECT ITEM FIRST CELL
AND GOTO…………….
CLICK-DATA-DATA VALIDATION-SELECT ERROR ALERT–
STYLE(STOP), TITLE )INVALID DATA ENTERED, ERROR MASSAGE
(INTERED INVALID DATA PLEASE SELECTDROPDOWN LIST.
STEP 6:- IF YOU ARE CREATE ANY INPUT MASSAGE FOR CATEGORY THEN SE
LECT CATEGORY FIRST CELL AND GOTO…………….
CLICK-DATA-DATA VALIDATION-SELECT INPUT MASSAGE, TYPE-TITLE-
CATEGORY- AND INPUT MASSAGE IS ANYTHING REQUIRED.

42. 42
REVIEW
Spelling & Grammar :- To check spelling & grammar of a word.
Thesaurus :- To get a nearest meaning of word--Select word-
Review-click—thesaurus-click—show meaning in
right side of page.
Translate :- To translate a word into different language.
Protect Sheet :- To protect sheet & unprotect by a password.
Protect Workbook :- To protect all workbook or sheet.
Comment :- To add comment with a word or sentence.
Show Comments :- to show comment step by step (Ex:- previous,
Next & also show all comments at a time in your
workbook.
VIEW
Normal & Page Layout :- To view page from normal to page layout & also
normal.
Page break preview :- To view page in breakup for showing page num-ber.
Full Screen :- To view page in full screen mode.
Show & Hide
(Ruler, Gridlines, Massage bar,
Formula bar, Headings) :- To Show & Hide Ruler, Gridlines, Massage bar,
Formula bar, Headings.
Zoom :- To view page by zooming.
Zoom to Selection :- To view page by selecting space.
New Window :- To Open a Duplicate copy of active window page.
Arrange All :- To arrange a page in real page size or maximize.
Freeze Panes :- To keep a portion of the sheet visible while rest
of Scroll.
Split :- To split of the page ( same as a freeze panes).
Hide & Unhide :- To Page hide and show.
View Side by Side :- To view two pages side by side.
Synchronous Scrolling :- To apply synchronous scrolling in two pages.
Save Workspace :- To save file in current layout in all windows.
Switch Window :- To Switch a different currently Open Window.
MICROSOFT OFFICE POWER POINT 2007
Power point is a program in which we can make slide by inserting the picture and
documents.
To enter into the power point program.
START––click–-ALL PROGRAM––click–– Microsoft office—click--Microsoft office
Power Point 2007—click--Now Power Point Page will open.

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To enter into the Microsoft Powerpoint program by RUN COMMAND
 Start ---Run----type there POWERPNT-----click Ok
To make slide in the power point page now. Click on Layout and select a new slide page.
Here we can insert picture and write documents, after this to make animation we go to the
slide show option.
HOME
Cut, Copy Paste :- To cut, Copy & Paste the selected cell.
New Slide :- To insert a new slide.
Layout, Reset & Delete :- To Change Page layout, Reset & Delete.
Formatting of text :- To format text by Font style, Size, Font color,
Cell Alignment, Text alignment, Increase & De
crease indent size, Line Spacing, insert Shapes
with formatting.
INSERT
Insert Clip, Text box, Chart etc :- To insert table, clip, pictures, auto shapes, hyper

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link, text box, Header & footer, word art, date &
Time, Slde Number, symbol & sound.
DESIGN
Design :- To insert page in new design & also can be setup.
Slide Orientation :- To change page from portrait to Landscape.
Background Design :- To change background design.
ANIMATION
Custom Animation :- To make custom animation.
Transition effect :- To apply Transition effect.
Transition sound & speed :- To setup sound & speed for sliding page.
Apply all :- To apply custom change in all slides.
Advance Slide setup :- To advance setup by timing & automatically.
SLIDE SHOW
From Beginning :- To view slide presentation from beginning.
From Current slide :- To view slide presentation from current slide.
Setup Slide show :- To setup the advance option of custom slide.
Hide slide show :- To hide the slide page from slide presentation.
REVIEW
Spelling & Grammar :- To check spelling & grammar of a word.
Thesaurus :- To get a nearest meaning of word--Select word-
Review-click—thesaurus-click—show meaning in
right side of page.
Translate :- To translate a word into different language.
Protect presentation :- To protect & unprotect presentation.
Comment :- To add comment with a word or sentence.
Show & Edit Comments :- to view & edit comment step by step
(Ex:- previous, Next & also delete all comments.
VIEW
Normal & Slide shorter :- To view page in normal & Slide shorter.
Note Page :- To view Note page of the slide page.
Slide show :- To view slide show in full screen mode.
Slide master :- To view slide master page for make a slide.
View Ruler & Gridlines :- To view Ruler & Gridlines.
Zoom :- To view page by zooming.
View page color & B/W. :- To view presentation page in color & Grayscale
New Window :- To Open a Duplicate copy of active window page.
Arrange All :- To arrange a page in real page size or maximize.
Cascade :- To view slide page in cascade.(Max & Restore)
Split :- To split of the page ( same as a freeze panes).
Switch Window :- To Switch a different currently Open Window.

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INTERNET
INTERNET: - Internet is a way or technique by which we can share or transfer file or in-formation
from one place to another place through the computer system.
To Access the Internet we have to connect telephone line with computer system.
Website is a place or hub from where can able to collect all the information of your re-quirement.
Transfer of information or file takes place via telephone line.
Different companies have their different name website live ICICI Bank have
www.icicibank.com
www.nokia.com
www.nokia.co.in
To start internet.
Right click on Internet Explorer, Mozila Firefox, Opera & Google Chromo.
Or
Start––click–-Internet Explorer or Mozila firefox––click–– Internet Page will open.
To enter into the Internet explore by RUN COMMAND
 Start ---Run----type there IEXPLORE.EXE-----click Ok
For search any website address or image go to link :-
www.google.com or click on yahoo search option
Like above all the prominent company have their website.
Here is some reference:-
COM = COMMERCIAL , CO.IN = COUNTRY INDIA.
Org. = Organization, Gov. = Government.
NIC = National Informatics Center.
OPEN LINK FOR www.axisbank.com

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E-MAIL
E = ELECTRONICS
MAIL = LETTERS.
It is type of address the website by E-mail we can send text documents, picture, file etc.
to other designation (Address) anybody can make their E-mail Address in some website

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like www.yahoo.com, www.rediffmail.com, www.indiatimes.com, www.hotmail.com,
etc.
To make E-mail Address or E-mail Account or E-mail, at first you will generate your E-mail
ID then Click on “Sign Up” option A blank form will display on monitor screen. We
will fill up the form and your E-mail will be created.
To enter into E-mail ID (if you already have you E-mail ID) click on “Sign In” option to
check you mail. Now click on “INBOX” option to see your incoming mail.
To delete the mail at first select the mail, and click on the delete option to delete mail.
To send mail click on “NEW/ COMPOSE” or “WRITE MAIL” option, after click a for-mat
will display on monitor screen. Here we write Email address and description about
mail then click on send option to send the mail.
CHATTING
FOR THE CHATTING BETWEEN THE FRIENDS
MUST SHOULD BE E. MAIL ID IN SAME COMPANY.
TO CHATTING
=YAHOO MASSENGER , REDIFF BOL, FACEBOOK & ORKUT
(PRESENT IN DESKTOP ICON)

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D.O.S
(DISK OPERATING SYSTEM)
 HOW TO OPEN THE DOS PROMPT :-
START-ALL PROGRAMME-ASSOSERIES-COMMOND PROPMT
To enter into the DOS program by RUN COMMAND
 Start ---Run----type there CMD-----click Ok
 TO MAKE DIRECTORY OR FOLDER:-
C:/> - MD - DIRECTORY NAME- ENTER.
 TO SEE SERIES OF DIRECTORY:-
C:/> - DIR AND PRESS ENTER.
 TO CHANGE NAME OF DIRECTORY:-
C:/> - MOVE – OLD DIRECTORY NAME – NEW DIRECTORY NAME AND
PRESS ENTER.
 TO REMOVE DIRECTORY:-
C:/> - RD – DIRECTORY NAME AND PRESS ENTER.
 TO MAKE SUB-DIRECTORY INTO DIRECTORY:-
C:/> - CD – DIRECTORY NAME THEN PRESS ENTER.
 TO MAKE FILE:-

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C:/> - COPY – CON – FILE NAME THEN PRESS ENTER.
FILE NAME IS TYPE AND PRESS F6 FOR SAVE THE FILE
 TO SERIES OF FILE:-
C:/> - DIR AND PRESS ENTER.
 TO SEE THE CONTENT OF FILE:-
C:/> - TYPE – FILE NAME AND PRESS ENTER.
 TO CHANGE CONTENT OF FILE:-
C:/> - EDIT – FILE NAME AND PRESS ENTER.
 TO CHANGE NAME OF FILE:-
C:/> - REN – FILE NAME AND PRESS ENTER.
 TO DELETE FILE:-
C:/> - DEL – FILE NAME AND PRESS ENTER.
 TO HIDE FILE:-
ATTRIB - +H -+R - +S - FILE NAME AND PRESS ENTER.
 TO RECOVER HIDDEN FILE:-
ATTRIB - -H - -R - -S - FILE NAME AND PRESS ENTER.
YOUR FILE WILL BE RECOVERD.
 TO SEE & OPEN ALL FILE OR SONGS IN A PLACE:-
PRESS TAB BUTTON & PRESS ENTER OPEN FILE OR SONGS PLAY.
BY :- NIRAJ CHOUDHARY