Presentation of IT. Introduction to computer

1. Presented By:Nita Joshi
BBA 1st semester(2077)

3.  Computer is an electronic device that is designed to
work with information. The term computer is derived
from the Latin term ‘computare’, this means
to calculate or programmable machine.
Computer is an electronic machine where input unit
supplies data to computer in digital format ,process
unit processes the calculation ,storing unit stores
that data and finally output unit performs the result
in softcopy or hardcopy format.
A Computer is programmed device with a set of
instruction to perform specific tasks and generate
result at a very high speed.

4. 1.Input unit
2.Memory unit
3.Process
4.Output
1.Input unit:
Input unit is used for transfers raw Data and control
signals into the information processing system by the
user before processing and computation. All the input
unit devices provide the instructions and data are
transformed into binary codes that is the primary
memory acceptable format.
Example of Input unit devices: keyboard, mouse,
scanner, joystick, MICR, Punched cards, Punched paper

6.  Computer data storage, often
called storage or memory, is a technology consisting
of computer components and recording media that are
used to retain digital data. It is a core function and
fundamental component of computers.
For example, a
standard computer has multiple storage devices including
RAM, cache, and hard disk, as well as possibly having
optical disk drives and externally connected USB drives.
They can be either internal or external to the computer, and
they include the hard disk, optical disk drive and
USB storage device.

7.  A processor is an integrated electronic circuit that performs
the calculations that run a computer. A processor performs
arithmetical, logical, input/output (I/O) and other basic
instructions that are passed from an operating system (OS).
Most other processes are dependent on the operations of
a processor.

8. Output Unit receives information from the
CPU and then delivers it the external storage or
device in the soft or hard processed form. The
devices which are used to display output to the user
are called output devices. The Monitor or printer is
common output device.

9. 1.High speed
2.Accuracy
3.Storage capacity
4.Diligence
5.Versatility
6.Automatic
7.No Intelligence

10. 1.High speed
Computer is very high speed device. It has
units of speed in microsecond,nanaseconds and even in
picoseconds. It can performs millions of calculation in a
few seconds.
2.Accuracy
Computers are very accurate machine. The
calculation are 100% error free. It gives wrong result if
wrong result data is entered.
3.Storage Capacity
Computer can store large amount of data.It
can store any type of data such as image
,videos,text,audio etc.

11. 4.Deligence
A computer is free from monotony, tiredness and lack of
concerntration.It can work continuously without any error and bore.
5.Versatility
A Computer is a versatile machine which is capable of
performing almost any kind of task. This machine can be used to solve the
problems related to various fields.
6.Automatic
Computer is an automatic machine.Automation means ability
to perform the given task automatically.

12. 7.No intelligence
A computer is that type of machine that has no
intelligence to perform any task. Each instruction has to be given to
computer to perform task.

13. 1.Analog computer
2.Digital computer
2.1Super computer
2.2Mainframe computer
2.3Mini computer
2.4 Micro computer
3.Hybrid computer

14. Analog computer is that computer, which is use to
process continuously varying data. Everything we see and
hear is change continuously. Analog computer can be used
in scientific and industrial applications such as measure the
temperature,pressure,electrical current, frequency, speed
etc.
Examples of analog computer are thermometer, barometer,
fuel meter, Speedometer,, frequency of signal and voltage
etc.

15. 1.Analog computers are based on continuously varying data.
2.These computers measures only natural or physical values.
3.Analog computers are used for special purpose.
4.There is no any storage facility in analog computer.
5.Accuracy is low in analog computer.

16. A computer that performs calculations and
logical operations with quantities represented as
digits, usually in the binary number system.
Digital computer is most commonly used type of
computer. A computer that performs calculations
and logical operations with quantities represented
as digit.
Example of digital computers are IBM Pc , Apple/
macintosh, digital watches etc .

17. 1.These computers are based on discrete data which are not continuous
with time .
2.Digital computers are normally used for general purpose.
3.These computers have large storage capacity .
4.These computers are programmable.
5.Digital computer are more reliable and accurate.

18. 1.Super Computer
2.Mainframe Computer
3.Mini Computer
4.Micro Computer

19. A super computer is a computer that performs at or near the
currently highest operational rate for computers. Super computers have
been used for scientific and engineering applications that must handle very
large databases or do a great amount of computation (or both).
Inventor: Seymour Cray
example of super computers are Cray-1,ETA 10,Y-MP/C90.Mainly
these computers are used for scientific research, weather forecasting, nuclear
energy research,graphics,animation,electronic design etc

21. A mainframe computer is used in the
large organization. A mainframe
computer is a combination of memory
(RAM) and many processors. It acts as a
central processing unit for many
workstations and terminals connected with
it. A mainframe computer is used to
process the large and huge amount of data in
petabytes. Mainframes are a type of
computer that generally are known for their
large size, amount of storage, processing
power and high level of reliability.
Example:IBM360,IBM 1401,ICL2950 etc

23. A minicomputer is a computer which has
all the features of a large size computer, but its size is
smaller than those. A minicomputer lies between the
mainframe and the microcomputer because its size is
smaller than the former one and larger than the latter
one. A minicomputer is also called as a mid-
range computer.
Minicomputers are used for scientific and
engineering computations, business-transaction
processing, file handling, and database management,
and are often now referred to as small or midsize
servers.

24. A microcomputer is a small, relatively
inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its
central processing unit (CPU).Microcomputers
became popular in the 1970s and 1980s with the
advent of increasingly powerful microprocessors.
It is smaller cheaper and less powerful than minicomputers and normally
designed to handle single user. Example of micro computer are
workstation, desktop computer ,laptop, Notebooks ,handheld devices
etc.

26. Hybrid computers are computers that exhibit features of
analog computers and digital computers. The digital
component normally serves as the controller and provides
logical and numerical operations, while the analog component
often serves as a solver of differential equations and other
mathematically complex equations.
Examples of hybrid computer:
 Computer used in hospitals to measure the heartbeat of the
patient.
 Devices used in petrol pump.
 In scientific applications or in controlling industrial processes.