It advance 2016

741‫صناعات‬@1‫م‬ ‫تربة‬/‫مسعود‬
Basic Concepts of Information
Technology
Chapter one : Introduction to Data and Information
Chapter two: Computer systems
Chapter three: Problem Solving
Chapter four: Data processing
Chapter five : Data Presentation
Chapter six: Computer Networks
Chapter Seven : Internet and Web

Information Technology (IT)
Information technology and business are becoming
inextricably interwoven. I don't think anybody can
talk meaningfully about one without the talking
about the other.”Bill Gates

Terminology
•Hardware
Physical parts of the computer
•Software
Programs for the computer
Written commands that tell a computer what tasks to
perform
•Network
A system of computers, peripherals, terminals, and
databases connected by communication lines.
oLAN—local area network
oWAN—wide area network
•Internet
Electronic information networks that carry audio, video,
and computer data.

Concepts of Information and Communication Technologies
Introduction
Here we aimed to introduce you the basics of
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in
terms of computer hardware, software, and networks
and to uses of ICT in our daily lives. Computers
process data to give us information. In other words:
Input (Data) Process (Data) Output (Information)

WHAT IS INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY?
Information technology is the study of
engineering computer applications to
support the operation of an organization:
operating, installing and maintaining
software and data.

SOCIETAL IMPACTS OF IT
•Education
•Healthcare
•Governance
•Business
•Design and manufacturing

DEFINATION
Computer:The Computer is an electronic device that can perform activities involves Mathematical, Logical
and graphical manipulations. Generally, the term is used to describe a collection of devices that function
altogether as a system.In other words:
Input (Data) Process (Data) Output (Information).
It performs the following three operations in sequence.
1. It receives data & instructions from the input device.
2. Processes the data as per instructions.
3. Produce output information in a form that humans can understand.
2. Information system: is a system that uses information technology to capture, transmit, store, retrieve,
manipulate, or display information used in one or more business processes.
3. The Processors: which are required to convert the input data into machine language and to convert the
output generated by the computer into human readable form, are known as input and output inter phases?
Such as (AMD, Intel, IBM, Motorola, Cyrix, Texas Instruments).
4. Data: Are collection of raw facts, figures & symbols.
Ex:Names of students and their marks in different subjects listed in random order.
5. Information's: Are the data that are processed & presented in an organized manner.
Ex:When the names of students are arranged in alphabetical order, total and average marks are calculated &
presented in a tabular form, it is information
6. Program: A set of instructions that enables the computers to perform a given task.
7. Buses: The channel or path that lets the parts of a computer communicates with each other.
Q why use a computer: Answer: Used as a data processor.

IS Vs IT
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
are used to
build
INFORMATIO
NSYSTEMS

Computer-based Information System
An Information System is an organized combination of
(people, hardware, software, communication
networks, procedures and the data resources) that
collects, transforms and disseminates information in
an organization.

The Main Abbreviation OF COMPUTER
•C Commonly
•O Operated
•M Machine
•P Purposely
•U used for
•T Training
•E Education &
•R Research

COMPUTER Types (By Size)
Super
Computer
Main Frames
Laptop
Computer Mini Computer
Pc or
Micro
computer
PDA and
I Pad
SCIENTIFIC,
ENGGINEERING and
RESEARCH
GAMES AND
INTERTAINMENT,
RECORDS, ANALYZE
DATA, STORE PICTURES
AND MUSIC, TRACK
FINANCES.
BUSINESS, MEDICINE,
INFORMATION,
EDUCATION
COMMUNICATE WITH OTHERS; CONNECT TO THE INTERNET, A NETWORK
THAT LINKS COMPUTERS AROUND THE WORLD.

1- Supper computer: Is high capacity and often used for research, weather for
cutting, oil exploration.
2- Main frames computer: they are Rom –sized high speed very power full and used in
banks, governments departments and large organization.
3- mini computers : Do the same jobs as a mainframe but on a smaller scale. They
Are used by medium - sized companies , such as accounting where the personal
computers would be not inadequate.
4- personal computers ( PC ) : Are small enough to fit on top of a desk in office and
home and are designed for individual user.
5- Laptop Computers: It is small and portable . It has a small screen and a small
keyboard.
6- Palmtop Computers: It is a hand – held computer which is called Notepad.
7- Network Computer: A large PC – type computer called server is connected to
smaller PCs called clients to or terminals. The client is a monitor with a keyboard and a
small box contain CPU and the main memory without hard disk.

Q what means that when you say the
speed of the internal clock a 3.0GHz?
(Ref.2 , page 31)
Qwhat means that RAM is volatile?
(Ref.2,page 33)
Q/ USB is the preferable method for
connecting the new device. Why?
(Ref.2 page 34)

Advantages of computers(Computer's Performance):
There are some factors which affect the computer performance, they are:
1. High speed ‫فائقة‬ ‫سرعة‬: Computers have the ability to perform routine tasks at a
greater speed than human beings. They can perform millions of calculations in
seconds.
2. Accuracy ‫دقة‬: Computers are used to perform tasks in a way that ensures accuracy.
3. Storage ‫تخزين‬: Computers can store large amount of information. Any item of data or
any instruction stored in the memory can be retrieved by the computer at lightning
speeds.
4. Automation ‫االلي‬ ‫:التشغيل‬Computers can be instructed to perform complex tasks
automatically ( which increases the productivity).
5. Diligence ‫:اجتهاد‬ Computers can perform the same task repeatedly & with the same
accuracy without getting tired.
6.Versatility‫الحركة‬ ‫:طالقة‬ Computers are flexible to perform both simple and complex
tasks.
7. Cost effectiveness ‫التكلفة‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫من‬ ‫الفعالية‬: Computers reduce the amount of paper work
and human effort, thereby reducing costs.

Limitations of computers:
1. Computers need clear & complete instructions
toper form a task accurately. If the instructions are
not clear & complete, the computer will not produce
the required result.
2. Computers cannot think.
3. Computers cannot learn by experience.
A computer system has only four basic components:
•Input
•Output
•Storage data.
•Peripherals devices

Generation of computers:
Generation Component Used
First generation ( 1946 -1954 ) Vacuum tubes
Second generation (1955-1965 ) Transistors
Third generation (1968 -1975 ) Integrated Circuit ( IC )
Fourth generation ( 1976 – 1980 ) Very large Scale Integrated Circuit VLSI
Fifth generation (1980 till today ) Ultra Scale Integrated Circuits(ULSI)
Micro Processor (SILICON CHIP)

The components of a computer system are:
1- Hardware: physical components which can be touched and seen like. (Screen –
Cable – Keyboard – Case – (System Box) - Printer…..
2- Software: A set of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it.
Such as word processing, Computer games and Graphics programs.
There are two kinds of software:
A-system software: is the software which is used by the computer or operates a
computer system such as: operating systems,programming languages and
translators.
•Operating system software:is a group of programs written in computer language and
acts as a translator between you and your computer, helping you perform such tasks
as creating file, running programs and printing documents. You cannot use a computer
without an operating system. They have two parts: Kernel and Shell., like (Winds, DOS,
Linux ,Unix , OS/2)
B-Applications software: they are the software’s that are used by users like: (Word
processors, excel, power point, Access, computer – aided design (cad)).
3- User: A person who uses the software on the computer to do a task.
4. Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) user interface that uses icons and menus
displayed on screen to send commands to the computer system

ORGANIZATION OF COMPUTER (How Does a Computer Work)

Memory :Is the part of the computer that temporarily
stores applications , documents , and stem operating
information.
*Power Supply:Changes the normal household
electricity into that computer can use.
* Hard Disk (HD):Is a fixed storage device, which can
store quite large quantity of information. A bit of
information equals either zero (0) or one (1).The
standard in 2011 was between 20- 120GB. (is a
generally non removable disk holds data in form of
magnetized spots).
*Motherboard or system board:is the main circuit
board in the system board (case).

PERIPHERALS DEVICES
The device which are communication
between the computer and the outside
world, are called as peripheral devices.
Computers components according to
their factions:
1.Input Unit: This group consist of devices
that that allow people to put data into the
computer in a form the computer can use,
like (Keyboard.-Mouse. - Scanner. Mike-. -
camera).

Mouse: is a hand-held input device that is moved on
a small flat surface and control the movement of the
cursor (Pointer Is a symbol (usually an arrow) that
moves around the screen as you move your mouse)
on the monitor ,it has 2 buttons on its top :
a. Left click (L.C): Is the main button click on the left
hand side on the mouse (clicks mean quickly press
and release the button), and is used to enter
commands to the computer.
b. Right click (R.C): Is the secondary button on the
right hand side on the mouse. And is used to display
the available options of the clicked area.

Pointer: Is a symbol (usually an arrow) that moves
around the screen as you move your mouse.
Optical mouse: Is another advanced pointing device
that uses a light emitting component instead of the
mouse ball. The mouse cannot be used for entering
data; it is only useful for selecting the options on the
screen.
Output Unit:This group consist of devices that
translate the information’s processed by computer
into a form that humans can understand, like
:(Monitor &Screen – Printer – Headphone – Speaker-
Date show).

3. Central Processing Unit (CPU):Is the central
electronic chip attached on the motherboard that
determines the processing power of the computer
and it has three basic parts:
Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): performs arithmetic
operations and logical operations and controls the
speed of those operations.
Registers or Immediate Access Memory: Are high
speed storing allocation stores data temporarily that
are used by ALU.
Central Unit: Tells the rest of the computer system
how to carry out a program’s. It directs the electronic
signals between main memory, input devices and
output devices.

4- Memory unit: they are of two types:
A- Primary: main memory, (RAM , ROM) , B- Secondary
memory.
A-Primary: main memory:
1-RAM ( Random Access Memory):Is memory where data
and programs are stored temporarily until they are no
longer needed and RAM is volatile , while the data on it can
be reached by the user and the user can edit them and
these data will be lost on your computer so it need hard
disk to save them.
2-ROM( Read Only Memory):Is the main memory but with
very small capacity it keeps instructions, which make the
computer work. When turning it on .It is not volatile and the
computer (user) cannot write on it .

B- Secondary Memory ( Storage devices) or secondary storage
systems:
It include the disks and other storage media to store data permanently
like.(Hard Disk , CD ( Compact Disk) , DVD ( Digital Versatile Disk ), USB
Flash Drives, Floppy , Zip Disk, Magnetic Tape ).
Computer uses several different types of memory. They are: -
• INTERNAL MEMORY Main memory ( RAM )
Cache memory
•EXTERNAL MEMORY Secondary memory
MAIN MEMORY SECONDARY MEMORY
RAM is volatile.
It is temporary memory.
It has limited storage
capacity.
It is very expensive.
It is not portable.

Memory Capacity
1. Each 0 or 1 is called a bit, which is short for binary digits. A
group of eight bits is called a byte.
2. Data transformation rates are often given in bit per
second (bps). Memory is typically measured in megabytes.
Bytes are commonly used to measure data storage.
3. why is 1kB commonly said to be 1024 bytes instead of
1000 bytes

How Computer Memory Is Measured(Memory measurement units)
Character2nEquals toByte
1Character238 Bit1 Byte
512 word2101024 Byte1kilobyte
2201024 kilobyte1Megabyte
2301024 Megabyte1 Gigabyte
2401024 Gigabyte1 Terabyte
2501024 TB1 Petabyte (PB)
2601024 PB1 Exabyte (EB)
2701024 EX.1 Zettabyte (ZB)
2801024 YB.1 Yottabyte (YB)

Common Number Systems
System
Bas
e
Symbols
Used
by
human
s?
Used in
computers?
Decimal 10 0, 1, … 9 Yes No
Binary 2 0, 1 No Yes
Octal 8 0, 1, … 7 No No
Hexa-
decimal
16
0, 1, … 9,
A, B, … F
No No

Quantities/Counting (1 of 3)
Decim
al
Bin
ar
y
Oc
tal
Hexa-
decimal
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 10 2 2
3 11 3 3
4 100 4 4
5 101 5 5
6 110 6 6
7 111 7 7
Deci
mal
Bin
ary
Oct
al
Hexa
-
deci
mal
8 1000 10 8
9 1001 11 9
10 1010 12 A
11 1011 13 B
12 1100 14 C
13 1101 15 D
14 1110 16 E
15 1111 17 F

Decimal Binary Octal Hexa-
decimal
16 10000 20 10
17 10001 21 11
18 10010 22 12
19 10011 23 13
20 10100 24 14
21 10101 25 15
22 10110 26 16
23 10111 27 17

Quick Example
2510 = 110012 = 318 = 1916
Base
Decimal to Decimal
Weight
Base
12510 => 5 x 100 = 5
2 x 101 = 20
1 x 102 = 100
125

What is a Computer Network?
The communications media, devices, and software needed to
connect two or more computer systems and/or devices.
Used to share hardware, programs, and databases across the
organization.
• The computer can be geographically located anywhere.
A resource may be:
•A file
•A folder
•A printer
•A disk drive
Or just about anything else that exists on a computer

Advantages of Networking
•Connectivity and Communication
•Data Sharing
•Hardware Sharing
•Internet Access
•Internet Access Sharing
•Data Security and Management
•Performance Enhancement and Balancing
•Entertainment
Network Protocols
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Is the only protocol
you need to worry about?

Why Networks?
Resource Sharing
Hardware (computing resources, disks, printers)
Software (application software)
Information Sharing
Easy accessibility from anywhere (files,
databases)
Search Capability (WWW)
Communication
Email
Message broadcast
Remote computing
Distributed processing (GRID Computing)

What Equipment is needed?
•Network adapter w/ driver disk
•Hub, or switch, or router
•Network cable
How many kinds of Networks?
Depending on one’s perspective, we can classify networks in
different ways:
1-Based on Transmission media: Wired (UTP, coaxial cables,
fiber-optic cables and Wireless ) Two main categories:
Guided ― wires, cables
Unguided ― wireless transmission, e.g. radio, microwave, infrared,
sound, sonar
2-Based on Network size geographical distributions: LAN ,
WAN, CAN, TAN and MAN
3-Based on Management method: Peer-to-peer and
Client/Server
4-Based on Topology (connectivity): Bus, Star, Ring and Mesh

Fundamental Network Classifications
Based on Network size geographical distributions
Local Area Network (LAN)
A local area network is a computer network that interconnects
computers in a limited area such as a home, School, computer
laboratory, or office building using network media.
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network in
which two or more computers or communicating devices or
networks which are geographically separated but in same
metropolitan city and are connected to each other are said to
be connected on MAN.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
A wide area network (WAN) isa network that covers a broad
area (i.e., any Telecommunications network that links across
metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries) using private
or public network transports.

Computers: Clients and Servers
•In a client/server network arrangement,
network services are located in a dedicated
computer whose only function is to respond to
the requests of clients.
Based on Topology (connectivity):
The network topology defines the way in which computers, printers, and other
devices are connected. A network topology describes the layout of the wire and
devices as well as the paths used by data transmissions
•Bus Topology (can be both logical and physical)
•Star Topology (physical only)
Hub
•Ring Topology (can be both logical and physical)
•Mesh Topology (can be both logical and physical)

•Bus Topology
Commonly referred to as a linear bus, all the devices on a bus topology are
connected by one single cable.
•Star & Tree Topology
Depending on the intelligence of hub, two or more computers may send message at
the same time
•Ring Topology
•A frame travels around the ring, stopping at each node.
Single ring
Dual ring
•Mesh Topology
The mesh topology connects all devices (nodes) to each other for redundancy and
fault tolerance. Like those used by banks and financial institutions. Mesh topology is
expensive and difficult.

INTERNET
The Internet is a global system of
interconnected computer networks that use the
standard internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to
serve several billion users worldwide. It is
a network of networks that consists of millions
of private, public, academic, business, and
government networks, of local to global scope,
that are linked by a broad array of electronic,
wireless and optical networking technologies.

USES OF INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
1. COMMUNICATION
2. RESEARCH
3. DISTANCE EDUCATION
4. BOOKING E- TICKETS
5. PLAYING GAMES
6. DOWNLOADING
7. CHATTING
8. TWITTER
9. E – COMMERCE
10. BLOGGING
11. SOCIAL NETWORKING
12. ENTERTAINMENT
13. E – GREETINGS
14. LISTEN SONGS

Intranets and Extranets
•Intranet – An internal networking system
within a company
They function like the Internet
They are for internal use only and are not
available to those outside the company
•Firewall – Software used to screen incoming
data
•Extranet – An intranet that can be used by
outside sources who access it over the Internet

Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) in our lives
The internet has becomes an essential part of our lives. Today,
just about everyone is using the internet to:
1. Apply for jobs or schools
2. Fill out government forms
3. Check bank accounts
4. Communicate with family, friends and co-workers
5. Do research
6. Learn new skills
7. Read news
8. Watch videos
9. E-Mail and Virtual communities

ONLINE & OFFLINE DATA
•The data which is directly transferred to
the computer is known as online data.
•The data which is not immediately
transferred to the computer is known as
offline data.

General Concept
•WWW: The Web (World Wide Web) as a way to access information over
the internet. Consists of information organized into Web pages containing
text and graphic images.
•Hyperlink: underlined or highlighted words that can be used to view
another document or Web page.
•Web browser: display a Web document and enable users to link to other
Web pages.
•Web site: is a collection of related Web documents that are made
available to the public.
•Home page or Index page: is the first page of a Web site displayed to you
when opening your browser.
•Uniform Resource Locator (URL):is the unique address used to
distinguish web pages from each other and it is used to access a web page.
•Internet Service Provider (ISP):is a company that provides Internet
access for customers. (examples: Comcast, Qwest, AOL)
•Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): is the language used to build web pages.
•Protocol: is a set of instructions or commands that is used to communicate or transfer
data between the computers that are connected to the network in general. Such as
(Ethernet, Local Talk, Token Ring, FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface), ATM
(Asynchronous Transfer Mode).

URL Consists of the components shown:
Your computer
Internet
ISP
URL
http//:
Protocol
eht seifitnedi
fo snaem
ssecca
www.yah
oo.com/
Server
eht sniatnoc
niamod
eht fo eman
revres beW
help/

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
•FTP is a part of the Internet that enables client computers to
transfer files.
•Transferring files from an FTP site to the client is known as
downloading.
•Transferring files from the client to an FTP site is known as
uploading.
•Clients may store files on an FTP site’s server.
shop/
Path identifies the
location of the
document
shop-01.html
Resource specifies the
filename of the resource

How to connect to the Internet
•Three main ways to connect to the Internet
•Dial-Up
•High Speed/DSL (Asymmetric digital sub scribal line )
•Wireless Connection (Wi-Fi)
Your Computer FTP ServerDOWNLOAD UPLOAD

Browsing the Web
•To access a Web page, you can do any of the
following:
1. Click a hyperlink.
2. Type a URL in the Address box.
3. Click a button on the Links toolbar.
4. Use the Back and Forward buttons.
5. Use a Web site’s navigation aids.
6. Use the History list.
7. Use the Favorites or Bookmarks list.

Common Web Browsers
•Safari: for Apples/Macintosh
•Internet Explorer: for Windows only
•Google Chrome: created by Google
•Mozilla Firefox: works on Mac & PC
Searching Websites for Information
1. Search Engine: is a program that helps you to find the
information you are looking for on the internet. Such as (
Google , yahoo, My Way…etc).
2. Several methods can be adopted or used to search for the
information you want:
3. To use instant search box
4. Use the address bar
5. To use a search engines
6. To search according to file format
7. To search according to date

Difference between browsing and searching
Browsing : A browser is software that supports the http. Such as
Internet Explorer, Netscape, Mosaic, Lynx and others.
Searching : when you select a topic from the index and open the book
to the indicated page, you re searching.
Finding Information on the Web
•Ways to find information on the Web:
Browse or surf the Web – This involves linking from one Web page
to another, and so forth.
Search the Web – This method involves using search engines to
locate Web pages with the information you’re looking for.
Subject guides – Web pages are grouped under headings.
•You can find information by two basic means.
•Search by Topic and Search by keywords.

E-Mail: Staying in Touch
•E-mail: an electronic message transmitted over a network from one user to another.
•E-mail is short for electronic mail.
•It’s the most popular of the Internet services.
•Messages are sent and received in a few seconds.
•Attachments such as photos, music files, and any document may be sent with the
message.
•Free Email Account Providers:(Yahoo , Microsoft’s Hotmail ,Google’s Gmail
•E-mail system consists of two programs (User agents and Mail delivery systems). With
the Internet, mail delivery within the system is controlled by a program called (Simple
Mail Transport Protocol (STMP).
•Productivity Tool: Calendar and Address book
Format: consist of
Username
@
Provider’s domain
Ex. peter101@yahoo.com

Getting To Yahoo Mail
ISP
Internet
Starting Your Mail

Popular Internet services include:
E-mail
World Wide Web
FTP
Usenet
Listservs
Instant messaging
Internet Relay Chat
Internet telephony
How Email is Exchanged Between Computer Systems
Some methods and services exist to help find email addresses, but none of them are guaranteed to produce satisfactory
results every time. A few of them are listed here.
•Ask! Call or write to ask for an email address. This is usually the easiest method.
•Check for an email address on a resume business card, stationery, or a Web page.
•Look at the return address in the From:,Return-Path:, or Reply-To: email headers.
•Send email to postmaster@domain-name.
•Consult some directories for collections or lists of email addresses or Web pages. Several of these are available on the
Web:
Changing password on yahoo mail?
•Sign in to your Yahoo! mail account.
•Click the gear icon on the top right of the page. (option)
•Click on account information. Then it will have you enter your password again to verify you are you
•Enter your password and click "Continue."
•Click the Change Password link, located near the top of this page.
•Enter your Current Password in the space provided.
•Type your New Password.
Click the "Save" button to put your new password into effect

Sample Questions Exam
Q2 ) What is software?
Answer:
It is any program you use on your
computer
Q1 ) Give 4 drawbacks of neglecting your
computers' maintenance
Answer:
1. Some file may become damaged
2. System crashes will be more frequent
3. Data can be lost permanently
4. A virus may infect the system
5.
Q3) What is a Personal Digital Assistant
(PDA)?
Answer :
It is a hand held device that can store names,
addresses and download e-mail
Q4 ) State which of the following list is NOT an
example of hardware (General)
Answer :
1. Printer
2. scanner
3. windows Vista
4. Database Management software
5. CPU
6. Mouse
7. Accounting applications
8. Web browsing application
9. ROM
Q5) Which computer part manages almost all
of the computers' calculations and tasks?
Answer:
(Central Processing Unit)
Q6) What is a motherboard?
Answer:
Is the main circuit board of the computer
which allows most of the computer parts to
attach to it

Q7 ) What is meant by volatile
memory?
Answer:
A memory that loses its data once the
computer is shut dawn.
Q8 ) What does NIC stand for?
Answer:
Network Interface Card
Q9 ) State the 5 stages of the software
development cycle?
Answer:
Investigation - Analysis – Design-
Implementation - Review
Q10) An NIC will not have any effect
on computer performance except
when the computer is
Answer:
When the computer performs a task
that requites use of the computer
network
Q11) What dose CPU stands for?
Answer:
Central processing Unit
Q12) Which computer part
allows the computer to handle
sounds that are being output by
the computer or input into the
computer?
Answer:
Sound Card
Q13) The general rule is that the
higher the CPU speed the __ the
PC.
Answer:
faster
Q14) Give 5 examples of
application software?
Answer:
Spreadsheet applications,
Desktop publishing applications,
Database Management software,
accounting applications, Web
browsing applications
Q15) What does a
graphics card
allow you to do?
Answer:
Is a device that
makes the
computer display
information on a
monitor
Q16) Give two
examples of
optical storage?
Answer:
DVD and CD
Q17) Which
computer part has
the single largest
effect on the
computers'
performance?
Answer:
The CPU

Q18) Which device allows the user to
use his finger to select options instead
of using a pointing device such as a
mouse?
Answer:
Touch screen
Q19) Which type of CD can be written
to and erased repeatedly?
Answer :
CD-RW
Q20) The CPU is divided into two parts
which are:
Answer:
Arithmetic Logic Unit +control
unit+memory storage
Q21) Which of the following is not an
output device?
Keyboard, Scanner, Printer, Joystick,
Monitor, plotter, speakers, microphone,
touchpad
Answer:
Keyboard, Scanner ,Joystick ,
microphone, touchpad
Q22)Give 4 functions of an operating system:
Answer:
1. It controls the different peripherals and storage
units
2. It allows programs to be loaded and run
3. It organizes memory and processing time
between programs
4. It responds to user instructions and deals with
errors
Q23) What is a small portable computer that can
run on batteries as well as main power, and is
intended to be used by a user on the move?
Answer:
Laptop computers
Q24) How many bits are there in one byte?
Answer:
8bit
Q25)How many bytes are in a kilobyte?
Answer:
(=1,024) bytes

Q26) Which computer part is referred to as
‘volatile memory?
Answer :
RAM
Q27)How can you use RAM to improve your
computer's performance?
Answer:
Increase the size of RAM
Q28)Which part of the computer stores most of
the user's data?
Answer:
Hard disc
Q29) Which of the following is an input dives
1. Monitor
2. Trackball
3. Joystick
4. Printer
5. Scanner
6. Microphone
7. Speakers
8. Touchpad
9. Plotter
10. Keyboard
11. Light pen
Answer :
Trackball ,Joystick , Scanner ,Microphone ,
Touchpad, Keyboard, Light pen
Q30)which computer parts is non-volatile
memory whose contents cannot be modified?
Answer :
ROM
Q31)Which part of the computer performs all
arithmetic and logic operations that are to be
done by the CPU?
Answer :
ALU
Q32) GUI stands for:
Answer:
Graphical User Interface

Q33) What does the following describe?
It's a machine that carries out a set of instructions called programs to manipulate data and
do a large variety of tasks
Answer :
Computer
Q34)What the abbreviation IT stands for?
Answer :
Information Technology
Q35)What does the following describe?
It's considered the brain of the
computer. It is the part of the computer
where calculations and instructions take
place
Answer :
CPU
Q36)What is the output device?
Answer :
Device that allows information to be
displayed from the computer
Q37) What is the storage device?
Answer:
Device that allows information to be
stored
Q38)What does the following describe?
''They are hardware devices that are attached to
the CPU and work under its control.''
Answer :
Peripherals
Q39)The speed of a processor is measured in ...
……..
Answer :
Megahertz
Q40)The equipment in a computer System is
called……………..
Answer:
Hard ware
Q41)A computer system is a combination six
elements:
Answer:
hardware, software, data, information, people,
procedures, communication

Q42) The four general operation that all
computers perform that
Answer:
Input, processing, output, storage
Q43)perform common tasks as coping the
contents of one disk to another and
formatting disk.
Answer:
Utility program
Q44)Examples of general purpose application
software are ……..
Answer:
word, database, communication and graphic
Q45)The CPU has two fundamental parts
Answer:
CU, ALU
Q46) Which of the following is not a common
stage of the software development cycle?
Investigation, Desk clean up, Design,
Implementation, Analysis
Answer:
Desk clean up
Q47) What is GHz?
Answer:
Gigahertz, generally abbreviated GHz,
refers to frequencies in the billions of
cycles per second range. Giga is the
standard multiplier for 1 billion, and Hertz is
the standard unit for measuring
frequencies, expressed as cycles or
occurrences per second. One GHz is
equivalent to one thousand megahertz
(MHz
Q48) What is the Best Way to Transfer Information from
One Computer to Another?puter to Another?
Answer:
When you purchase a new computer, there are many
types of files you may want to move from your old
machine. Most users will want to transfer digital photos
and mp3 music from one computer to another.
However, you may also wish to transfer information
such as emailsettings, contacts, Internet favorites, user
accounts, and software program configurations to your
new computer.
•Internet connection, email
•Using a CD burner or a DVD burner
•Using a portable hard drive,
• Use an Ethernet cable
Q/

Q49/ Multiple choose. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the Question:
1.Mega Bytes equal …….
A. 1024 Mega Byte B.1024 Bit C.1024 Kilo Byte D.1024 Byte
2. …….. Is an input output device
A. laser printer B. Touch screen C. touch pad D. Monitor
3. Which one of the following is not software?
A. touch pad B. word processor C. Presentation D. Paint
4. ……. Is not an output device.
A. Digitizing table B. monitor C. printer D. sound card
5. The memory speed is measured in ……
A. MB B. KM C. GHZ D. Bit
6. The …….. is fast.
A. Parallel B. serial port C. p s /2 D. USB port
Q50/ Choose the ''True'' or ''False'' for the following
1. One type of main memory system is ramming.
2. Binary system has only one digit
3. Data transmission rates are often given in bit per second.
4. Plotter is not specialized external out put devices.
5. Parallel port uses a 9 pin connector.
6. Ctrl +left click used to select several objects.

Q51/ Mention the steps of:
1. Find out how much disk space remains on disk
2. Search for all document file.
3. What is the step to format the floppy Disk?
4. Restore a file and folders in the recycle bin.
5. Disk Defragment.
6. Set the printer as default printer
Q52/ Count only
1. Type of mouse
2. The main physical components of a computer
3. Type of port
4. Type of operating system
Q53/ Write the correct phrase or sentence for the given abbreviations.
(Answer Only 6)
1. RAM
2. CPU:
3. ASCII: American Standard code for information interchange.
4. PDA: Personal Digital Assistant
5.LCD
6. DVD:
7. SCSI: Small Computer System Interface
8. VGA: Video graphic adapter

Q54 Complete the following statements you organize your answer as follows
The object of a computer system
Answer: To process (convert) data in to information
The components of computer system:
Answer:
•Hardware (input, CPU, output, storage).
• Software
• Data /information
• People (users, profession).
• Procedures (guidelines)
• Communication.
7- Letters, digits, and special symbols such as (? And &) are called
Answer: Characters
8- A data led written description of programming cycle and program test results is called
Answer: Documentation
9. The faster the CPU, the ………….. Programs can process computations
Answer: quicker
10. How much is 1 byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, etc
11. A microprocessors speed depends on the …………………., …………
Answer: word size, clock speed
12. Binary digit is
Answer: zero, one
13. Clock speed are expressed in …………. or …………….
Answer: MHz, GHz

Computers software
System Applications
Software Software
Operating software general purpose
Specifications purpose applications
Utility programs software (custom software)
Language translations (0,1)
General purpose
Graphics
Analytical Graphics (bar,line,pie)
Presentation graphics

A-End user1- Telephone line Modem
B-secondary storage2-Immediate vaults
C- Row data3- Semi permanent data
d -Desktop publishing4- not executable E
E- pseudo code5- text graphic
F- Master file6- Input (c)
G- on line processing7-Tape Disk
H-To use communication
Q55/Match the following phrases you write only number of phrases
Q56/ Why use
•Storage Device : it saves data and programs
2. Computer:used as a data processor(Student training ,Finance , Education Writing,
Management ,Programming ,Language translation, Satellite communication
Medical operation, Traffic control , Military purposes , Office work , Home
3. Cpu:it is the 'compute' in computer
4.Control Unit:
•To read and interpret program instructions.
•To direct the operation of internal processor components.
•To control the flow of programs and data in and out of RAM.
5. RAM:
•Temporary storage of data
•Allows computer fast access to data while performing a task

Q57/a-List the type of the following
•Processor Manufacturers
•American Micro Devices (AMD)
•Intel
•IBM
•Motorola
•Cyrix
•Texas Instruments
•Removable media devices
•CD (compact disc)
1.CD-ROM Drive
2.CD Writer .
•DVD (digital versatile disc)
1.DVD-ROM Drive
2.DVD Writer
3.DVD-RAM Drive -
•Blu-ray Disc
1.BD-ROM Drive .
2.BD Writer
•HD DVD
•Floppy disk
•Iomega Zip drive
•USB flash drive
Secondary storage
Hard disk
3. Communication Devices
Mobile
adapted telephones
E-mail
Telecommunications devices
Networking devices
Modem (Modulator/ Demodulator)
4. CPU Components
Execution Core (s)
Data Bus
Address Bus
Math Co-processor
Instruction sets / Microcode
Multimedia extensions
Registers
Flags
Pipelining
Memory Controller
Cache Memory (L1, L2 and L3)

5. Hardware of a modern Personal Computer
•Monitor
•Motherboard
•CPU
•RAM
•Expansion cards
•Power supply
•Optical disc drive
•Hard disk drive
•Keyboard
•Mouse
2. Computer Specification : Speed , Capacity , RAM (Random accesses memory), Processor
3. Motherboard: is the main component inside the case. It is a large rectangular board with
integrated circuitry that connects the rest of the parts of the computer including the CPU, the
RAM, the disk drives (CD, DVD, hard disk, or any others) as well as any peripherals connected
via the ports.

b-What is the Difference between
•soft copy & hard copy
Soft copy:
1.The output on a monitor
2.output ( the results of processing)
3.is a temporary copy that can not be handled physically
4.Such as (monitor).
Hard copy:
•printers produce or printed output
•can be physically handled, folded , and so on
•is a permanent copy that can be handled physically
•such as (printer)
•CD and DVD
CD
•Refers to compact disc
•It can save 600-700 MB data
•They are used especially for multimedia programs. (Sounds, pictures, films, etc.).
•CD-ROM Drive - a device used for reading data from a CD.
•CD Writer - a device used for both reading and writing data to and from a CD.
DVD
•Refers to digital versatile disc
•stores up to 12 times as much information from cd
•It is the most common way of transferring digital video, and is popular for data storage.
•DVD-ROM Drive - a device used for reading data from a DVD.
•DVD Writer - a device used for both reading and writing data to and from a DVD.
•DVD-RAM Drive - a device used for rapid writing and reading of data from a special type of DVD.

Q58 LEST (the Computer Health and Environmental)
Things computer like:
• Good ventilation ‫تهوية‬
• Clean environment
• Stable, vibration free surface
•Use screen filter
•Use moving chairs
Things computer don’t like:
• Dust
• Drinking and eating over the keyboard
• Heat, Cold or Moisture
• Don’t place objects on top of monitors.
• Don’t place floppy disks near monitors.
•Do not leave wires lying across people ways

Q59 the role of Systems Software
Answer: interface between users, application software and hardware
Qwhat kinds of user interface?
•Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) user interface that uses icons and menus displayed on screen
to send commands to the computer system
•MS-Windows and the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS) interface are widely used GUIs
Qsteps to make successful computer application
•Understand the Problem ‫برمجته‬ ‫المراد‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫وفهم‬ ‫دراسة‬
•System Analysis ‫الحالي‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫تحليل‬
•System Design ‫الجديد‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫تصميم‬
•Implementation ‫النظام‬ ‫برمجة‬
•Testing ‫الجديد‬ ‫النظام‬ ‫اختبار‬
•Documentation ‫التوثيق‬
QHow to Display Information about files
•My computer
•View
•Options
•Chang Folder
•View
•Check show hidden files , folders and drive

Q59 ICT stands for:
Answer: Information and Communication Technology
Qthe internet has becomes an essential part of our lives. Today, just about everyone
is using the internet to:
•Apply for jobs or schools
•Fill out government forms
•Check bank accounts
•Communicate with family, friends and co-workers
•Do research
•Learn new skills
•Read news
•Watch videos
•E-Mail and Virtual communities
GoodLuck

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