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2. Computer is a device that transforms data into meaningful
information. Data can be anything like marks obtained by you in
various subjects. It can also be name, age, sex, weight, height,
etc. of all the students in a class.
Computer can also be defined in terms of functions it can perform.
A computer can:
I. accept data
II. store data
III. process data as desired and
IV. retrieve the stored data as and when required and
V. print the result in desired format.
The major characteristics of a computer are high speed, accuracy,
diligence, versatility and storage.
3.
4. A personal computer (PC) is a small, relatively inexpensive
computer designed for an individual user. In price, personal
computers range anywhere from a few hundred dollars to
thousands of dollars. All are based on the microprocessor
technology that enables manufacturers to put an
entire CPU on one chip.
At home, the most popular use for personal computers is for
playing games. Businesses use personal computers
for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and
for running spreadsheet and database
management applications.
5. Mainframe computers (colloquially
referred to as "big iron") are
computers used primarily by large
organizations for critical applications,
bulk data processing, such as census,
industry and consumer statistics,
enterprise resource planning, and
transaction processing.
6. A minicomputer is a type of computer that possesses most of
the features and capabilities of a large computer but is
smaller in physical size.
A minicomputer fills the space between the mainframe and
microcomputer, and is smaller than the former but larger than
the latter. Minicomputers are mainly used as small or
midrange servers operating business and scientific
applications. However, the use of the term minicomputer has
diminished and has merged with servers.
A minicomputer may also be called a mid-range computer.
7. A supercomputer is a computer that performs at or near
the currently highest operational rate for
computers. Traditionally, supercomputers have been
used for scientific and engineering applications that must
handle very large databases or do a great amount of
computation (or both). Although advances like multi-core
processors and GPGPUs (general-purpose graphics
processing units) have enabled powerful machines for
personal use (see: desktop supercomputer, GPU
supercomputer), by definition, a supercomputer is
exceptional in terms of performance.
8. Computer hardware is the
physical parts or components
of a computer, such as
the monitor, keyboard,
computer data storage, hard
disk drive (HDD), graphic
cards, sound cards, memory
(RAM),motherboard, and so
on, all of which are tangible
physical objects.
9.
10.
11. This unit can store instructions, data and intermediate results. This unit supplies
information to the other units of the computer when needed. It is also known as
internal storage unit or main memory or primary storage or Random access
memory(RAM).
Its size affects speed, power and capability. Primary memory and secondary
memory are two types of memories in the computer. Functions of memory unit
are:
It stores all the data and the instructions required for processing.
It stores intermediate results of processing.
It stores final results of processing before these results are released to an
output device
All inputs and outputs are transmitted through main memory.
12. In computing, an input device is a peripheral
(piece of computer hardware equipment) used
to provide data and control signals to an
information processing system such as a
computer or information appliance. Examples
of input devices include keyboards, mouse,
scanners, digital cameras and joysticks.
13.
14.
15. An output device is any device used to send data
from a computer to another device or user. Most
computer data output that is meant for humans is
in the form of audio or video. Thus, most output
devices used by humans are in these categories.
Examples include monitors, projectors, speakers,
headphones and printers.
16.
17. An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being
initially loaded into the computer by a boot program,
manages all the other programs in a computer. The other
programs are called applications or application programs.
The application programs make use of the operating system
by making requests for services through a defined
application program interface (API). In addition, users can
interact directly with the operating system through a user
interface such as a command line or a graphical user
interface (GUI).
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