botany of punicaceae family

1. Submitted to :
Associate Professor
Department of Fruit Science
ACH, NAU, Navsari
Systematics of Punicaceae family
Submitted by :
Reg. No. 1020221014
4th Sem. Ph. D. (Horticulture) Fruit
Science
ACH, NAU, Navsari
ASPEE COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE
NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
NAVSARI 39650

2. • Family punicaceae also call as Lythraceae (loosestrife- Lythrum spp.),
pomegranate- Punica Spp., water chestnut - Eleocharis dulcis, henna- Lawsonia
inermis, crepe myrtle - Lagerstoemia spp., mangrove apple -Sonneratia spp.).
• It contains about 32 genera and 600 species (Heywood et al., 2007). It occurs
throughout the tropics, extending into temperate regions of the world, but is
generally absent in African and Arabian deserts and at high altitudes.
Loosestrife Water chestnut Henna Crepe myrtle
Mangrove apple

3. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom Tracheobionta
Superdivision Spermatophyta
Division Magnoliophyta
Subdivision Angiospermae
Class Magnoliopsida
Subclass Rosidae
Order Myrtales
Family Punicaceae

4. GENUS Punica L. (n= 7, 8)
Feature of genus Punica L.
• The plants are glabrous shrubs or small trees having branches often
terminating as spines. Leaves are small and shining.
• Flowers are borne terminally or axillary as solitary or in clusters of 1-5.
These are campanulate (bell-shape), leathery, red or yellow, 2-3 cm long
having 5-8 persistent sepals, showy, crumpled, red or white petals and
many stamens covering the inner floral tube surface from the rim to the
multilocular ovary.
• Carpels are in one whorl or in 2-3 superposed layers, the lower with
axile placentation and the upper with apparent parietal placentation, a result
of differential asymmetric growth.
• Fruit is a leathery berry crowned by persistent and irregularly
dehiscent sepals. Seeds are many with translucent sarcotesta. Cotyledons
are spirally rolled.

5. Different species
 The monogeneric family ‘Punicaceae’ (Levin, 2006) consists of the
genus ‘Punica’.
 It includes 2 species viz.,
i. Punica granatum (cultivated pomegranate) : Cultivated in the
subtropical parts of the world and native to the semi- arid eastern
Mediterranean region
 The cultivated pomegranate P. granatum is divided into 2 subspecies
viz.,
1) Chlorocarpa (mainly found in the Trans-Caucasus region) and
2) Porphyrocarpa (mainly distributed in Central Asia)
 Another spp. Punica granatum var nana, dwarf type is found on the
Pacific coast.
ii. Punica protopunica Balf. (Wild pomegranate) : . indigenous to the
island of Socotra in the Democratic Republic of Yemen.

7. Introduction
Common Name : Pomegranate
Botanical Name : Punica granatum L.
Family : Punicaceae
Origin : Iran
Chromosome no. : 2n = 16 (n= 8)
Inflorescence : Cymose
Pollination type : Self and Cross
Type of fruit : Balausta

8. Pomegranate is Latin name of the fruit which means ‘grainy
apple’.
Pomegranate fruit is symbol of abundance and prosperity.
Red colour in aril and skin is due to presence of anthocyanin.
Dried seed with pulp is known as ‘anardana’.
Fruit juice of pomegranate is valued medicinal properties for
leprosy patients.
India is largest producers of pomegranate in the world.
Leading state in India for pomegranate is Maharashtra.

9. Habit
 Small deciduous shrub or small trees
grown up to the height of 6-10 m.
 The plants are deciduous under
subtropical and evergreen under
tropical conditions.
 Plants non-succulent.
 Trunk thin, much branched at the base.
 The branches and lateral shoots end
with spines.
 One of the decorative forms of
pomegranate P. granatum var. nana
Ferg. may exist in the form of semi-
shrub under severe conditions reaching
the height of 0.2 – 1.5 m.

10. Root
Tap root system

11. Stem
 The stem is smooth.
 The bark is reddish brown when tree is young, but changes to greyish
as it grow older.
 Branches terete (cylindrical).
 Young branchlets Y angled and with spiny tips.

12.  Phyllotaxy: It may be clustered, opposite to sub-opposite on small
axillary branchlets.
 Leaves shiny, dark green and shining above and light green below.
 Exstipulate, 2–8 cm long, oblong, lanceolate or obovate shaped,
base and apex are acute or obtuse.
 Short petiolate.
 Lamina entire; midrib prominent, pinnately veined; cross-
venulate.
Leaves

13.  The inflorescence of pomegranate is
a cyme (dichasial cyme).
 Flowers solitary or aggregated in
‘inflorescences’.
 Inflorescences when flowers
aggregated, terminal, or axillary;
comprising axillary fascicles, or the
flowers solitary and axillary.
 The solitary flowers appear on
spurs along the branches in most
cases, while the clusters are
terminal.
 Flowering occurs on one year old
spurs or short branches.
Flowering habit

14.  The flowers are short pedicel or sub-sessile, about 4-5 cm long and
wide.
 Flowers are actinomorphic, campanulate (bell shaped), with brightly
coloured hypanthium (this brightly coloured, far exceeding the inferior
ovary).
 Flowers regular; cyclic; polycyclic.
Flowers

16. There are three kinds of flowers in pomegranate viz., staminate, intermediate and
hermaphrodite. Which occur about 1 month after bud break on newly developed
branches of the same year, mostly on spurs or short branches.
Heterostyly is common in pomegranate flowers. Hermaphrodite flowers are usually
pin eyed (the stigma is on the same level or higher than the anther) and male flowers
are thrum eyed (stigma is beneath the level of the anthers).

17. Male flower:
The male flowers are campanulate (bell-shape).
It has a poorly developed or no pistil and atrophied ovaries
containing few ovules and is infertile.
Hence, they are referred as a male flower.
These flowers drop without fruit set.

18. Hermaphrodite flower
The urcerate (vase-shape) flower is fertile with a normal ovary
capable of developing fruit.
The stigma is at the anthers height or emerging above them.
This position allows for self pollination as well as pollination by
insects.
The percentage of the vase shape flowers in Indian cultivar is 53
% to 80 %.

19. Intermediate Flower:
Tubular in shape.
They have long style or short style and a developed ovary which is
sometimes fertile.
If fruit set takes place in such flowers, they may drop before
reaching maturity, even if some fruits which reach maturity
become misshaped.
Fruit set is not 100 %.

20. Pomegranate flowers. (A) Fully open flower showing vivid orange–red petals and numerous
anthers attached to long, red filaments. (B) Single near sessile flower. The leathery calyx is fused
at the base. (C) Flower cluster with an advanced central flower subtended by closed buds. (D)
Longitudinal section of a bisexual flower showing anthers with filaments inserted on the inner
surface of the calyx tube. (E) Longitudinal section of a functionally male flower showing well
developed stamens but an underdeveloped pistil. (F) Details of well-formed ovules from a
hermaphroditic flower. (G) Underdeveloped ovules from a functionally male flower. Scale bars:
D–E = 5.0 µm, F–G = 500 µm. Wetzstein et al., 2011

21. Flowering season
Three flowering season:
1. Ambe Bahar (February-March)
2. Mrig Bahar (June-July)
3. Hasta Bahar (September-October)

22. Calyx :1 whorled; polysepalous, toothed, 5-8 in number, red in
colour.
The calyx will not drop with fruit set but will stay as an integral part of
the fruit as it matures, generating a fruit crowned with a persistent calyx
(Marcescent).
Regular; becoming leathery;
Valvate aestivation.
Calyx

23.  Petals 5-8 in number; variegated in single or double whorled;
polypetalous; imbricate aestivation and crumpled in bud; regular.
 Petals clawed to sessile.
 Brilliant orange-red, lanceolate, inserted between the calyx lobes,
wrinkled.
Corolla

24.  Stamens 30–100 (‘many’); polystemonous;
filantherous (the filaments slender).
 Anthers dorsifixed; versatile;
 Stamens remain attached with prominent
calyx.
 free of one another; about 5–7 whorled, or
2 whorled (according to Graham et
al. 1993).
Androecium

25.  The pistil 3 to 7 celled.
 Gynoecium syncarpous;
 Inferior ovary.
 Styles 1; apical (slender, simple).
 Stigmas 1; capitate; wet type;
 Placentation axile (only, in P. protopunica), or axile and parietal (in P.
granatum, where the carpels become superposed in two or three layers by
differential growth, the lower with axile placentation, the upper ostensibly
parietal).
 Ovules 20–50 per locule (‘more or less numerous’);
Gynoecium

26. Axile placentation
Parietal placentation

27.  Dehiscence may start a few hours prior to anthesis or somewhat
later depending on the cultivars. It is completed 7 to 15 hours
later or may take 24 hours for completion.
 Pollens stored at 9oC remain viable for 92 days and germinate
better than those kept at room temperature i.e. 25°C.
 Stigma receptive one day before anthesis and continues up to the
second day.
 Cross pollination is due to protogyny.
Dehiscence of anthers

28. Pollination
 Both self and cross pollination are occurred in pomegranate
but cross pollination results higher fruit set.
 Wind pollination seems to play an insignificant part
because the concentration of pollen in the atmosphere was
found to be quite low for wind pollination.
 Large number of insects visit the pomegranate flowers
which include as black ants, honey bees and lemon
butterfly.

29.  Fleshy; indehiscent berry called
Balausta (a leathery rind representing
the hypanthium, crowned by the
persistent calyx).
 The multi-ovule chambers are
separated by membranous wall
(Septum) and fleshy masocarp. The
chambers are organized in non-
symmetrical way.
 The lower part of fruit contains 2 to
3 chambers while it upper part has
5-6 chambers. The chambers are filled
with many seeds (arils). The aril
contain juicy edible layer that develops
entirely from outer epidermal cell of
seed.
Fruits

30.  Seeds embedded in pulp derived from the outer layers of the
testas.
 Seeds non-endospermic.
 Embryo well differentiated (oily).
 Cotyledons 2; large, spirally rolled.
Seeds

31. Floral diagram

33. Daru (wild plant)
 Daru is deciduous hardy seedling tree growing over long period of
time.
 Have better climate adaptability and resistance to pest and diseases.
 Fruit weight 82 g, rind thickness 4.25 mm and total acidity 4.48 %.
 Dried aril are used in preparation of anardana.
 Resistant to bacterial blight.

34. Varieties

35. Alandi (Vadki):
 One of the oldest varieties in cultivation in Maharashtra state since
ages.
 The spreading type with evergreen nature.
 Fruit: medium in size (170 to 190 g), round, smooth with nipple at
pedicel end and pink in colour.
 Arils: sweet in taste with light pink in colour.
 Juice: 22.43-25.71 % with TSS: 15.0-15.6oBrix and acidity: 0.54-
0.63%
 Seeds: very hard
 Pest & disease reaction: susceptible to fruit borer (23.90%) and fruit
spot (PDI-18.00) but moderately resistant to nematode

36. Bhagwa
 Released during 2003 by MPKV, Rahuri as a selection from F-2 progeny of
cross between Ganesh x Gul-e-Shah Red (a Russian cultivar).
 This is the most popular and ruling variety of pomegranate in Maharashtra
with maximum area under cultivation.
 The variety is known by various names viz., Shendri, Asthagandh, Kesar,
Jai Maharashtra, Red Diana, Mastani in Maharashtra.
 It replaced cv. Ganesh for commercial cultivation as it has attractive smooth
glossy dark saffron thick skin with blood red and blood arils and hence
fetches very good price in the market and has heavy demand for export.
 It is spreading type with evergreen nature.
 Fruits medium to big in size (405.97 g) maturing late in 170-180 days.
 Average yield under drip is 30-40 kg fruits per plant.
 Arils: sweet with red colour with soft seeds.

37. Dholka:
 Grown in Dholka area of Gujarat.
 Spreading type with evergreen nature
 Fruit: larger, round, smooth, light green in color with reddish tinge
 Fruits weight: 400-500 g
 Arils: sweet, light pink in color.
 Juice: 52.0-52.5 % with TSS: 16.2-16.6oBrix and acidity: 0.47-
0.51%
 Seeds: soft
 Pest & disease reaction: susceptible to fruit borer (25.44 %), leaf
spot (PDI-18.00) and fruit spot (PDI-25.40).

38. Ganesh
 A selection by Dr. G. S. Cheema in 1936 also known as GBG-1.
 Soft seeded selection from open pollinated seedlings of hard seeded Alandi.
Later, in 1970, it was renamed as ‘Ganesh’.
 Evergreen with spreading habit.
 Flowering throughout the year.
 Crop duration 140-150 days.
 Fruit: round, smooth, pinkish yellow to reddish yellow rind colour.
 Seeds soft and arils are sweet and light pink coloured.
 Fruit weight: 225-250 g, with TSS 16°B and acidity of 0.3%.
 Susceptible to fruit borer (18.55%), leaf spot (PDI-15.72) and fruit spot.

39. Kabul:
 Spreading type with evergreen nature.
 Fruit: round, smooth, yellow in color with reddish tinge
 Fruit weight: 193.7-298.2 g
 Arils: sweet in taste with light pink in color.
 Juice: 48.1 – 53.2 % with TSS: 16.2-17.4oBrix and acidity: 0.47-0.55%
 Seeds: soft with softest in ambe bahar
 Pest & disease reaction: susceptible to fruit borer, leaf spot and fruit spot.

40. Mridula
 It is released by Mahatme Phule Krishi Vidhyapeeth, Rahuri (MPKV), Rahuri
in the year 1994.
 It is a seedling selection from an open pollinated F2 population of a cross
between Ganesh x Gul-e-Shah Red.
 The growth habit of tree is spreading type with evergreen nature.
 Fruit: round, smooth, pink in color with reddish tinge weighing 244-252 g, with
an early maturity of 135-140 days.
 Arils: sweet with light pink in color and soft seeds.
 Juice: 50.2-51.8 % with TSS: 14.8-14.92oBrix and acidity: 0.45 %.
 It is susceptible to fruit borer, leaf spot and fruit spot.

41. Phule Arakta
 Released in 2003 by MPKV, Rahuri.
 It is selection from F2 progeny of cross between Ganesh x Gul-e-Shah
Red
 Spreading type with evergreen nature.
 It is a heavy yielder with fruit maturity of 130-140 days only.
 Fruit: round, smooth, glossy, dark brick red in colour; medium in size
(182.70 g) with rind thickness of 0.24 cm
 Arils: sweet with dark red color with soft seeds.
 Juice: 63.71% with TSS: 15.89% and 0.45% acidity
 Maximum anthocyanin content (55.50 mg/100 g).
 Fruit yield 29.83kg/tree, 220.74 q/ha
 Number of fruits per tree 78-90.
 Suitable for both export and domestic market.
 Susceptible to fruit borer, leaf spot and fruit spot.

42. Kandhari
 Spreading type with evergreen nature
 Fruit: round, smooth, pink in color with reddish tinge.
 Fruit weight: maximum in mrig bahar (317.6 g), whereas, in ambe
bahar it was 190.4 g / fruit.
 Arils: sweet, light pink, with semi hard seeds
 Juice percent: varies between 52.3 percent in mrig bahar and 50.2
percent in ambe bahar.
 TSS of juice: 14.40 Brix in mrig bahar and 14.80Brix in ambe bahar
 Acidity: 0.41 percent mrig bahar and 0.40 percent in ambe bahar.
 Susceptible to fruit borer, leaf spot and fruit spot.
 The variety is suitable for different parts of Maharashtra and Gujarat
states.

43. Bedana
 A moderate yielding variety with medium growth.
 Fruits: medium size with brownish or whitish rind and pinkish
white taste. Seeds are soft. It also produces sweet juice of very
good taste.
 Plants grow extremely well in arid and semi arid regions of
Rajasthan.

44. Muskat
 This variety used to be cultivated in Maharashtra.
 Spreading type with evergreen nature.
 Fruit is round, smooth, pink in color with reddish tinge.
 Fruit weight: maximum in mrig bahar (310.27g), whereas, in ambe
bahar it was 219.1 g / fruit.
 TSS: 16 °B with acidity of 0.5%.
 Arils: sweet in taste with light pink color.
 Juice percent showed variation which was 50.3 percent in mrig bahar
and
 49.7 percent in ambe bahar.
 Seeds are medium hard.
 The variety is susceptible to fruit borer, leaf spot and fruit spot.

45. Jalore Seedless
 Cultivated in Rajasthan.
 Plants are semi- spreading in habit
 Fruits round and smooth, weighing between 280 to 320 gm, rind
colour is
 reddish yellow to pinkish yellow.
 Arils: sweet , light pink in color, seeds very soft.
 Juice percent showed variation which was 51.72 percent in mrig
bahar
 and 50.25 percent in ambe bahar.
 TSS: 15 °B with acidity of 0.42%.
 Susceptible to fruit borer (29.53%), leaf spot (PDI-22.66) and
fruit spot (PDI-29.66).

46. Jodhpur Red
 Favourite cultivars of arid and semi arid tracts of Rajasthan.
 Growth habit of tree is spreading type with evergreen nature.
 Fruit: round and smooth, pink in color with reddish tinge,
weighing between 180 to 220 g.
 Arils: sweet and pink in color.
 Juice percent: 37.5 percent in mrig bahar and 39.5 percent in
ambe bahar.
 TSS: 15.0 °B with 0.6% acidity.
 Seeds hard
 The variety is susceptible to fruit borer (25.74%), leaf spot
(PDI-21.42) and fruit spot (PDI-15.32).

47. P-13
 Selection from Muscat variety {Naik (1975)}.
 Tree is spreading with evergreen nature.
 Fruit: round, smooth, yellow in color with reddish tinge.
 Fruit weight was maximum in mrig bahar (233g), whereas, in ambe
bahar
 it was 217g / fruit.
 Arils: sweet, light pink in color
 Juice: 49.5 percent in mrig bahar and 53.5 percent in ambe bahar.
 TSS: 15.4 o Brix in mrig bahar and 14 o Brix in ambe bahar.
 Seeds: soft
 It is susceptible to fruit borer, leaf spot and fruit spot.

48. P-16
 Selection from Muscat variety (Naik (1975).
 spreading type with evergreen nature.
 Fruit: round, smooth and pink in color with reddish tinge. Fruit weight
201-245 g
 Arils: sweet, light pink in color.
 Juice : 48.9- 52.7 percent with TSS 15.8-16.2o Brix, and acidity: 0.38-
0.47%.
 Seeds soft
 Susceptible to fruit borer (26.97%), leaf spot (PD-I9.50) and fruit spot
(PDI-23.33).

49. P-23
 Selection from Muscat variety (Naik, 975) released in 1986 (Keskar
et al., 1993).
 Spreading type with evergreen nature
 Fruit: round, smooth and pink in color with reddish tinge.
 Fruit weight: 231- 260.5 g
 Juice: 49.7-51.7 % with TSS: 16.4-17.2 oBrix and acidity: 0.49-0.58
%.
 Seeds soft
 Susceptible to fruit borer (34.82 %), leaf spot (PDI-15.5) and fruit
spot (PDI-24.00).

50. Gul-E-Shah
 Spreading type with evergreen nature under Maharashtra condition with
sparse flowering and fruiting.
 Fruit: round, smooth and pink in color with reddish tinge.
 Fruit weight: 175-182 g
 Arils: acidic in taste with dark pink in color.
 Juice: 42.85-49.76 % with TSS: 13.2-14.0oBrix and acidity: 1.4-1.5%.
 Seeds: medium hard
 Less susceptible to fruit borer (8.54%) but highly susceptible to leaf
spot (PDI-31.76) and fruit spot (PDI-17.48).
 Useful in breeding for imparting aril colour and for resistance to fruit
borer.

51. G – 137
 Clonal selection from open pollinated variety Ganesh released in 1989.
 Sawant (1973) identified four superior clones with yield differences were
negligible, G - 137 was superior to Ganesh in respect of skin and aril colour, aril
size and TSS (Keskar et al., 1989, 1990)
 Spreading type with evergreen nature.
 Flowers throughout the year with three main flushes.
 Fruit: round, smooth, reddish yellow in colour. Fruit weight: 232-270 g
 Arils: sweet in taste with light pink color. Seeds soft
 Juice: 54.9-55.2 % with TSS: 17.0-17.4o Brix and acidity: 0.42-0.49 %.
 Susceptible to fruit borer (20.42 %),
 leaf spot (PDI-18.45) and fruit spot (PDI-31.74).

52. Jyoti
 Released from GKVK campus of UAS, Bangalore as a selection from the
seedlings of Bassein Seedless.
 Spreading type with evergreen nature.
 Fruit: round, smooth and pink in color with reddish tinge.
 Fruit weight: 250-303 g with soft seeds
 Arils: sweet with light pink in color.
 Juice: 48.1-50.4 % with TSS: 15.44-16.75oBrix and acidity: 0.41-0.47%
 Susceptible to fruit borer (22.52%), leaf spot (PDI-50.23) and fruit spot
(PDI-13.00).

53. CO-1
 Released by TNAU, Coimbatore for cultivation in Tamil Nadu (Khader et
al., 1982) by selection with soft arils from the assemblage of 28 genotypes.
Yercaud-1
 HRS, Yercaud, Tamil Nadu developed this variety through selection.
 Fruits are of medium size with easily peelable rind.
 Seeds are soft with attractive deep purple arils.
RCR-1
 Ramu et al. (1996) reported a seedless selection “RCR-1” from cv.
“Alandi”. Which gave 267 fruits per tree in 10th year with average fruit
weight of 220 g per fruit and average yield of 58.7 kg fruit/tree.

54. Bassein Seedless
 Cultivated to some extent in Karnataka state.
 Tree is evergreen with spreading habit.
 Fruits round with average weight of 260 to 300 g.
 Rind colour is red; the seeds are soft having light pink coloured
arils.
 Juice TSS is 16 °B with acidity of 0.37 %.
Paper Shell
 Fruit medium in size, rind thick, fleshy testa, reddish to pink with
sweet juice, soft seeds.

55. Ruby
 It is hybrid of (Ganesh x Kabul) x Yercaud.
 Fruit: round, smooth, weighs 225-275 g with red rind colour, soft
seeds and dark red coloured arils.
 Juice: 51.2-52.6 % with TSS: 16-17 0Brix and acidity: 0.64 %.
 The mature fruits resemble in size and shape the fruits of cv. Ganesh,
however, the skin colour of Ruby is reddish brown with green
streaks.
 Susceptible to fruit borer (17.64 %), leaf spot (PDI-19.53) and fruit
spot (PDI-20.45).
 This variety produced highest yield with best quality fruits in laterite
zone of West Bengal and reported to be the leading commercial
variety in coming future (Ghosh, et al., 2012).

56. Amlidana
 F1 hybrid between Ganesh and Nana released from IIHR Bangalore.
 It is superior to Daru which is found growing wild in Himachal ranges
(temperate region). Fruits provide highly acidic anardana (16-18%) and
higher fruit yield /tree, in addition, its short statured trees are suitable for
high-density planting.
 It is recommended for commercial cultivation for anardana (Jalikop et
al., 2002)
 It is a upright type with evergreen nature.
 Fruit: round, smooth, pink in color with reddish tinge. Fruit weight: 86-
105.5 g
 Arils are highly acidic in taste with light pink in color. With soft seeds.
 Juice: 38.5-41.8 % with TSS: 12.6-13.4 oBrix and acidity: 5.7-6.2.

57. Goma Khatta
 It is a hybrid between Ganesh x Daru.
 The hybrid having high acidity (6.31-7.3%) and bigger fruit size
(101.75-137.3 g) compared to cv. Amlidana (86.33 g). It is superior to
Daru.
 The upright type with evergreen and dwarf in nature.
 Fruit: round, smooth, pink in color with reddish tinge.
 Under rainfed conditions on a five year old plant a yield of 11.08 kg
and anardana yield of 1.55kg was obtained.
 Arils highly acidic in taste with light pink in color with soft seeds.
 Juice: 42.8-45.5 % with TSS: 13.2-13.8 O Brix and
 Susceptible to fruit borer (18.52 %), leaf spot (PDI-24.34) and fruit
spot (PDI-25.45).

58. Solapur Lal
 A hybrid released by NRC Pomegranate, Solapur as a biofortified
variety.
 It is a hybrid from the cross ‘Bhagwa x {(Ganesh x Nana) x Daru}’.
 Fruit: round, smooth, red in colour with bold and dark red arils with
medium hard seeds and medium rind thickness.
 Fruits smaller than Bhagwa with bold and dark red arils.
 Iron, zinc, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid content is more than Bhagwa
 TSS = 17.5oBrix
 Suitable for processing juice and table purpose.
 Matures in 165 days from anthesis.
 Average yield of 23-27 t/ha in arid and semi arid tropics.

60. Phule Bhagawa Super (Selection–4)
 This variety was released as Phule Bhagawa Super during 2013.
 Fruits: medium in size (271-299 g) with glossy & attractive dark
saffron rind colour. Rind thickness is 3.50 mm.
 Fruits mature in 170-180 days.
 Seeds are soft (Mellowness – 1.18 kg/cm2).
 Fruits are more juicy (51.34%) with 15.79% TSS and 0.39% acidity.
 It has maximum anthocyanin content (53.12 mg/100g).
 Fruit yield 24 kg/tree, 172 q/ha with 78-90 fruits per tree.
 It is suitable for both export and domestic market.

61. Phule Anardana
 Fruits are more acidic (4.18%) with 14.55% T.S.S., Seeds are hard
(Mellowness – 1.51kg/cm2 ).
 Arils are bold and attractive blood red in colour, Fruits are medium in
size (278.53 g), Fruit surface is attractive red .
 Fruit yield 21.59 kg/tree, 15.97 t/ha and average number of 77.55
fruits per tree.
 Recovery of anardana 13.95 %, anardana yield 1.58 kg/plant and 1.17
t /ha.
 suitable for preparation of anardana.

62. Exotic Introduced Varieties
Wonderful:
 variety originated in Florida, it has deep purple red fruit with
medium thick and tough rind and arils are deep crimson in colour,
juicy, with medium soft seeds.
 It has T.S.S. of 170 Brix or more and titrable acidity of 1.8 %.
 The fruit matures in late September and October in India.

63.  Granada:
 a patented early maturing variety originated in California as a
bud mutation of wonderful.
 Fruit is darker red in colour with less acidity.
 The fruit ripens one month earlier than wonderful but smaller
in size than wonderful.
 Because of early maturity it commands a premium place in the
market.

64.  Systematics of fruit crops by Girish sharma, O. C. Sharma and B. S. Thakur.
 Systematics pomology by O. P. Pareek and S. Sharma
 Tropical fruits by J. A. Samson.
References

65. THANK YOU