Tang 02 alcohols, aldehydes, ketones 2

ALCOHOLS, ALDEHYDES, & KETONES

Alcohols (-OH) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],methanol ethanol 1-propanol ALCOHOLS

Example #1 ,[object Object],[object Object],CH 3 OH HO 2-propanol or isopropanol but-3-en-1-ol 4-methylcyclohexa-1,2-diol ALCOHOLS

Example #2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ALCOHOLS OH OH OH OH OH

Example #2 ,[object Object],[object Object],ALCOHOLS OH OH OH OH

Alcohol Nomenclature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],methyl alcohol ethyl alcohol isopropyl alcohol ALCOHOLS

Properties of Alcohols ,[object Object],[object Object],Alcohols have hydroxyl groups (OH) which can form hydrogen bonds with one another. Hydrogen bonds are stronger than the London dispersion forces that form between their hydrocarbon counterparts. Thus more energy is required to break these stronger intermolecular bonds. Water bonds to other water molecules via hydrogen bonds. They would preferentially form hydrogen bonds with each other over weaker Van der Waals forces with long carbon chains. ALCOHOLS

Homework ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ALCOHOLS

Aldehydes and Ketones ,[object Object],aldehyde ketone ALDEHYDES

Aldehyde Nomenclature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ALDEHYDES

Other Nomenclature Prefixes ALDEHYDES # of carbons IUPAC Common System 1 meth- form- 2 eth- acet- 3 prop- proprion- 4 but- butyr-

Aldehyde Nomenclature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],formaldehyde acetaldehyde proprionaldehyde butyraldehyde ALDEHYDES

Example #3 ,[object Object],[object Object],3-butenal ALDEHYDES H O

Example #4 ,[object Object],pentanal 3-methylbutanal 2-methylbutanal 2,2-dimethylpropanal ALDEHYDES H O H O H O H O

Ketone Nomenclature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],KETONES

Example #5 ,[object Object],[object Object],2,2,5-trimethyl-3-hexanone KETONES O

Example #6 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],KETONES O O O

Example #6 ,[object Object],2-pentanone 3-pentanone 3-methyl-2-butanone KETONES O O O

Example #7 ,[object Object],[object Object],KETONES O H H O

Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones ,[object Object],[object Object],They do not have OH groups so they do not participate in hydrogen-bonding. They can form weaker dipole-dipole interactions. They are less soluble because they do not form hydrogen bonds with water. KETONES

Homework ,[object Object],[object Object],KETONES

Tang 02 alcohols, aldehydes, ketones 2

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