This document discusses primary computer storage, including RAM and ROM. RAM (Random Access Memory) is the main memory that allows both reading and writing of data and programs. It stores temporary instructions and data for processing and uses more power. ROM (Read-Only Memory) permanently stores programs and data even when powered off, can only be written by the manufacturer, and uses less power. The document outlines the functions and differences between RAM and ROM.

1. CHAPTER 2: COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
Primary Storage

2. At the of the lesson, student should be
able to:
 Explain the types of primary storage
i) RAM
ii) ROM
 Explain the function of primary storage

3. Primary Storage
 There are two types of primary storage which are
RAM and ROM
 RAM: Random Access Memory which is the data
and program in RAM can be read and written
 ROM: Read-Only Memory which means the data
program in ROM can just be read but cannot be
written at all

4. Function of RAM
 RAM is the main memory in a computer. The
data in RAM can be read (retrieved) or written
(stored).
 It stores data and programs that can be accessed
directly by the processor.
 RAM holds temporary instructions and data
needed to complete tasks. This enables the
computers CPU to access instructions and data
stored in the memory very quickly.
 RAM stores data during and after processing.

5. Function of ROM
1) ROM is another type of memory permanently stored inside
the computer. ROM is non-volatile. It holds the programs and
data when the computer is powered off.
2) Programs in ROM have been pre-recorded. It can only be
stored by the manufacturer; once it is done, it cannot be
changed.
3) Many complex functions, such as start up operating
instructions, translators for high level languages and
operating systems are placed in memory.
4) All the contents be in ROM can be accessed and read but
cannot be changed.

6. The Differences between RAM and
ROM
RAM Differences ROM
 stores during and  stored by
after processing Data and Program manufacturer
 stores information  stores information
temporarily Content permanently
 very fast but uses a  fast but uses very
lot of power Processing Time little power
 volatility Volatile  non-volatile