This document discusses sinusoidal voltage and current, providing definitions and comparisons between alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). It defines that sinusoidal or alternating current changes direction every half cycle, while direct current does not change direction. The document also discusses terms used to describe sinusoidal waves like amplitude, instantaneous value, time period, and frequency. It provides diagrams of sinusoidal current over angle and time. Methods for generating AC through a moving magnetic field or conductor are also presented, as well as advantages of using AC in homes and appliances.

1. HAFIZ LUQMAN
KHALIL
11053123-032

2. SINUSOIDAL
VOLTAGE AND
SINUSOIDAL
CURRENT

3. DIFFERENCE B/W VOLTAGE
AND CURRENT:
 Voltage is a cause and current is the effect.
Current will flow between two points if there is a
potential difference between them. If both points
are at the same potential then current will not
flow across these points.

4. SINUSOIDAL CURRENT
 The current is of two types i.e AC and DC.
 The current which changes its direction after every
half cycle is known as Alternating current.
 But the current which does not change is direction
is known as Direct current.

5. SINUSOIDAL CURRENT
 The Alternating current is also known as Sinusoidal
current.
 The current whose amplitude changes with respect
to time is known as Sinusoidal Current.

6. SINUSOIDAL VOLTAGE
 The Alternating Voltage is also known as Sinusoidal
Voltage.
 The voltage which changes with respect to time is
known as Sinusoidal Voltage.

7. SOME BASIC TERMS USED
 Amplitude (or peak value) : It is the maximum value,
positive or negative, of an alternating quantity.
 Instantaneous Value : It is the value of the quantity at
any instant.
 Time period (T) : It is the duration of one complete
cycle.
 Frequency (f) : It is the number of cycles that occurs in
one second.
T
f
1


8. SINUSOIDAL CURRENT
(a) Current I versus angle ωt (b) Current I versus time t.

9. METHODS OF
GENERATION

10. It is produced due to the change of magnetic
flux through the area of a loop.
1 . By moving the conductor across the
magnetic field.
We can produce alternating current by moving a
coil in stationary magnetic field.
N S
slip rings
armature
brushes

11. ALTERNATING-VOLTAGE
GENERATOR

12. 2. We can produce alternating current by
moving a magnetic field around the coil.
N S
slip rings
armature
brushes

13. COMPARISON B/W A.C AND D.C
 Obtained
 Flow of electrons
 Cause of the flow of electrons
 Current
 Direction

14. ADVANTAGES OF A.C
 Most appliances, lights, and electronic equipment
are configured to operate on AC or "house current"
 AC is efficient for long wire runs
 The wiring and equipment required for safe
distribution of AC power within a home is widely
available and much less expensive than its low
voltage DC counterpart.
 A home wired for AC power is ready for utility or
generator power if / when it is available.

15. THANK YOU