This document provides an overview of Melanie Swan's presentation on the future of life sciences. It introduces Melanie Swan and her background. The presentation's agenda includes discussing opportunities in areas like synthetic biology, regenerative medicine, 3D printing, genomics, and quantified self-tracking. Specific opportunities highlighted include using synthetic biology for applications like biofuels, using regenerative medicine and 3D printing for organ regeneration and customized objects, and integrating diverse health data streams for personalized analysis. Risks of these technologies are also acknowledged.
The Future of Life Sciences 2013 for Max Planck Institute
1. Melanie Swan
MS Futures Group
+1-650-681-9482
@LaBlogga, @DIYgenomics
www.MelanieSwan.com
m@melanieswan.com
http://www.youtube.com/TechnologyPhilosophe
September 9, 2013
Max Planck Institute, Göttingen, Germany
Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga
Image credit: Natasha Vita-More, Primo Posthuman
The Future of
Life Sciences
2. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences 2
About Melanie Swan
Founder DIYgenomics, science and
technology innovator and philosopher
Current projects: MelanieSwan.com
Education: MBA Finance, Wharton; BA
French/Economics, Georgetown Univ
Work experience: Fidelity, JP Morgan, iPass,
RHK/Ovum, Arthur Andersen
Sample publications:
Source: http://melanieswan.com/publications.htm
Swan, M. Crowdsourced Health Research Studies: An Important Emerging Complement to Clinical Trials in the
Public Health Research Ecosystem. J Med Internet Res 2012, Mar;14(2):e46.
Swan, M. Scaling crowdsourced health studies: the emergence of a new form of contract research
organization. Personalized Medicine 2012, Mar;9(2):223-234.
Swan, M. Steady advance of stem cell therapies. Rejuvenation Res 2011, Dec;14(6):699-704.
Swan, M., Hathaway, K., Hogg, C., McCauley, R., Vollrath, A. Citizen science genomics as a model for
crowdsourced preventive medicine research. J Participat Med 2010, Dec 23; 2:e20.
Swan, M. Multigenic Condition Risk Assessment in Direct-to-Consumer Genomic Services. Genet Med 2010,
May;12(5):279-88.
Swan, M. Emerging patient-driven health care models: an examination of health social networks, consumer
personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2009, 2, 492-525.
3. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences 3
What is your world-changing vision?
Where will you be in one year?
Start-up company?
Back in school?
Working for someone else?
Who are your role models?
4. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
Agenda
Our Futuristic World
Top 10 Life Sciences Opportunities
Synthetic Biology, Regenerative Medicine,
3D Printing, Genomics/Omics
Neuroscience, Nanotechnology, Big Data,
Citizen Science, Quantified Self
Aging, Space
Conclusion
Potential Risks
Summary
4
6. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
…is notoriously difficult to predict
Seemed likely to occur first:
Positional nanoassembly
Actually occurred first:
Young lady’s illustrated primer
6
7. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
7
Miniaturization Trend, Next Node: Microdots
Computing
machinery
Room(s) size Handheld Invisible Non matter-
based?
2050s2000s10-100 years ago 2100+
Information
storage
DNA
sequencing
8. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences 8
Information Transmission Eras
Painting, scrolls Press, Transistor DNA
Analog Digital Life code ?
?
2000-21001455 & 1950-200017,300 years ago 2100+
(Kuhnian paradigms,
Foucauldian epistemes)
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Future of Life Sciences
9
Prominent Artificial Intelligence Eras
Expert syst, CYC NLP, HTM, NCC Google, Watson
Enumeration Biomimicry Big data ?
?
2000s+1990s+1950s 2100+
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Future of Life Sciences
Big Data: Personal Health Informatics
10
DNA:
SNP mutations
Microbiomics
Proteomics
RNA expression
profiling
Epigenetics
Health 2.0:
Personal Health
Informatics
DNA: Structural
variation
Metabolomics
Academic papers re: integrated health data streams: Auffray C, et al. Looking back at genomic medicine in 2011. Genome Med. 2012 Jan
30;4(1):9. Chen R et al. Personal omics profiling reveals dynamic molecular and medical phenotypes. Cell. 2012 Mar 16;148(6):1293-307.
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Future of Life Sciences
Human Agency: Collective Intelligence Computing
11
Crowdsourcing
Quantified self-
tracking
DIYbio labs
Consumer blood tests
Citizen science
Concierge research
Consumer genomics
Health 2.0:
Crowdsourced
Health Computing
Ambient mental
performance
optimization
Continuous
sampling
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Future of Life Sciences
DNA sequencing:
10x/yr improvement
12
Life Code: Biology is an Information Technology
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/_img/87/i50/8750cover2_law.gifhttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/images/nature11875-f1.2.jpg
Code Conversion:
Digital to DNA
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Future of Life Sciences 13
Biology is the Information Technology
Image credit: J. Craig Venter Institute
Image credit: Anthony Atala lab
Image credit: Thomas Matthiesen
Artificial cell booted to life
Algal biofuel
Image credit: http://www.rexresearch.com
Whole organ decellularization and
recellularization (heart)
Organ regeneration (urethra)
DNA nanotechnology latch
box for drug delivery
Image credit: Aarhus University
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Future of Life Sciences
Global Population: Growing and Aging
14
UN Habitat – 2010
http://avondaleassetmanagement.blogspot.com/2012/05/japan-aging-population.html
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Future of Life Sciences
2.4B Users in 2012, 8% growth, emerging markets
Worldwide Internet Penetration
15Mary Meeker, Internet Trends, http://www.kpcb.com/insights/2013-internet-trends
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Future of Life Sciences
1.5B subscribers, 31% growth, 21% worldwide
penetration in 2013E
Worldwide Smartphone Penetration
16Mary Meeker, Internet Trends, http://www.kpcb.com/insights/2013-internet-trends
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Future of Life Sciences
Over 50% worldwide population in 2008
5 billion in 2030 (estimated)
Megacity: (>10 million and possibly 2,000/km2
)
Human Urbanization: Living in Cities
17
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Future of Life Sciences
Himalayas Water Tower
Biomimicry-inspired Dwelling Design
Living Treehouses – Mitchell Joachim
Masdar, Abu Dhabi – Energy City of the Future
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Future of Life Sciences
Urban Agriculture: Vertical Farms
21
San Diego, California
(planned)
Singapore (existing)
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Future of Life Sciences
Transportation Revolution
22
Solar Power: Tesla + Solar City
Self-Driving CarPersonalized Pod Transport
Google's Self-Driving Cars Complete 300K Miles Without Accident, Deemed Ready for Commuting
http://techcrunch.com/2012/08/07/google-cars-300000-miles-without-accident/
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Future of Life Sciences 23
Wireless Internet-of-Things
Source: Swan, M. Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0.
J Sens Actuator Netw 2012.
Image credit: Cisco
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Future of Life Sciences
Sensor Mania!
24
Source: Swan, M. Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0.
J Sens Actuator Netw 2012.
25. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
Agenda
Our Futuristic World
Top 10 Life Sciences Opportunities
Synthetic Biology, Regenerative Medicine,
3D Printing, Genomics/Omics
Neuroscience, Nanotechnology, Big Data,
Citizen Science, Quantified Self
Aging, Space
Conclusion
Potential Risks
Summary
25
26. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
Top 10 Life Sciences Opportunities
Quantified Self (QS)
Wearables
Internet-of-Things (IOT)
Space
Aging
Health Extension
Robotics
Regenerative
Medicine
Big Data
Genomics
“Omics”
Preventive Medicine
Nanotechnology
Neuroscience
Collective Intelligence
DIYscience
Participatory Health
Synthetic
Biology
26
3D Printing
Biotechnology
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Future of Life Sciences
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1. Synthetic Biology Revolution
Vision
Harness design rules of biology
Definition – biology as an engineering medium
Directed redesign and de novo construction of biological entities
such as enzymes, genetic circuits, and cells
Extensive applications
Energy, Food, Pharmaceuticals, Materials, Chemicals
Main approaches (cellular chassis runs DNA code)
Metabolic engineering (bacteria produce diesel)
Extending E. coli capacity (yeast produces medicine)
Biomimicry (replicate biological function in synthetic systems)
de novo Synthesis (create new functionality)
“This century’s transistor”
Source: Swan, M. Synbio Revolution: Biology is the Engineering Medium, 6/26/11
http://futurememes.blogspot.com/2011/06/synbio-revolution-biology-is.html
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1. Biological Design Software
http://partsregistry.org
Select System, Device, or Part Level
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Future of Life Sciences
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1. Biofuels
First generation
Food crop feedstock: sugar, starch, vegetable oil, animal fats
Fuel types: vegetable oil, biodiesel, butanol, ethanol, syngas
Second generation
Non-crop feedstock: cellulose, biomass: wheat, corn, wood
Fuel types: biohydrogen, biomethanol, DMF, bio-DME,
biohydrogen diesel, mixed alcohols, wood diesel
Third generation
Algae feedstock
Fourth generation
CO2 feedstock: CO2 converted to methane by bacteria
Algal Oil
http://biodynamics.ucsd.edu/pubs/articles/Ferry12.pdf
http://openwetware.org/images/1/1f/Biofuels.pdf
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Future of Life Sciences
Why Important? Scope: possibility of designing and
remaking every aspect of the biological world
1. Synthetic Biology Biotechnology Applications
31
http://www.haaretz.com/business/the-start-up-that-translates-the-abcs-of-dna-1.486016
http://scientopia.org/blogs/everydaybiology/2010/08/17/e-chromi-and-the-scatalog/
Sustainable Natural Lighting
Fluorescent Angelfish
Glowing Arabidopsis
BioMolecular Design
and Synthesis
ATP Synthase E. Chromi Water Sensors
Environmental Sensing
Landmine Sensing Plant:
Arabidopsis thaliana
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Future of Life Sciences
2. Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing
32
Whole Organ Decellularization and
Recellularization (Heart)
Organ Regeneration
Lab-grown Meat
Personalized 3D Models
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Future of Life Sciences
2. Custom 3D Printed Objects and Food
33
Why Important? Potential near-term widespread
application of medical and personalized object printing
http://www.plummerfernandez.com/Digital-Natives
http://www.dezeen.com/2013/05/13/print-shift-extract-3d-printed-food/
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Future of Life Sciences 34
3. Genomics and Personalized ‘Omics’
1. Established genomic applications
Ancestry
Carrier status
Identity (paternity, forensics)
1. Maturing
Health condition risk1
Pharmaceutical response2
1. Emerging
Athletic performance capability
Environment/toxin processing
Nutrigenomics, OTC product response, HLA matching (dating)3
1. Frontier
Predictive wellness profiling: aging, cancer, immune response
Social intelligence, cognitive performance, identity construction
Image credit: http://bit.ly/fovpJc
1
Source: Swan M. Multigenic condition risk assessment in direct-to-consumer genomic services. Genet Med. 2010 May;12(5):279-88.
2
Source: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/Pharmacogenetics/ucm083378.htm
3http://www.genepartner.com/index.php/science
75
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Future of Life Sciences
Operated on the Crowdsourced Health Research Study Platform GENOMERA
http://genomera.com/studies/thinking-fast-and-slow-study
Objective: Investigate whether a genetic
predisposition for loss aversion and optimism
bias may be linked to real-life behavior
Inspired by Daniel Kahneman’s book
‘Thinking Fast and Slow’ (2011)
Hypothesis: Individuals with polymorphisms in
genes related to neural processes may be more
susceptible to two phenomena that shape
human thinking, loss aversion and optimism
bias
Genotypic Examination: 5-HTTLPR, COMT
Val(158)Met, T102C, DRD2/ANKK1, PDYN,
OXTR
Phenotypic Examination: Loss Aversion,
Optimum Bias Instruments
3. Thinking Fast and Slow Study
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Future of Life Sciences
Operated on the Crowdsourced Health Research Study Platform GENOMERA
http://genomera.com/studies/social-intelligence-genomics-empathy-building
Objective: Confirm and extend research
linking genetic profile and social intelligence
Hypothesis: Individuals with certain genetic
profiles may have greater natural capacity for
characteristics of social intelligence
Genotypic Examination: OXTR, DRD2,
COMT, BDNF (genes which have been
associated with optimism and empathy,
extraversion, and altruism)
Phenotypic Examination: Interpersonal
Reactivity Index Instrument
3. Social Genomics: Empathy Study
Genotype Phenotype Intervention Outcome+ + =
DIYgenomics Preventive Medicine Methodology :
37. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
3. Big Data: Integrated Health Data
Streams
37
Swan, M. Health 2050: The Realization of Personalized Medicine through Crowdsourcing, the Quantified Self, and the Participatory
Biocitizen. J Pers Med 2012, 2(3), 93-118.
Genome
SNP mutations
Structural variation
Epigenetics
Microbiome
Transcriptome
Environmentome
Metabolome
Diseasome
Proteome
Personal and Family
Health History
Prescription History
Lab Tests: History
and Current
Demographic Data
Self-reported data:
health, exercise,
food, mood
journals, etc.
Biosensor Data
Objective Metrics
Quantified Self
Device Data
Mobile App Data
Quantified Self Data
Streams
Traditional Data StreamsOmics Data Streams
Standardized
Instrument Response
Legend: Consumer-available
38. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
3. Personal Microbiomics
38
Image credit: Grice EA et al, Nat Rev Microbiol, 2011, Figure 3
20 Microbiome Ecosystem Zones
Image credits: my.microbes.eu
My.microbes.eu Gut Enterotype Analysis
Disease risk, drug response, and
nutrient generation
Enterotype affiliation and nutrients1
1. Bacteroides (biotin synthesis)
2. Prevotella (thiamine synthesis)
3. Ruminococcus (folate synthesis)
1
Source: Arumugam M et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2011 May 12;473(7346):174-80.
39. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
3. Genome Politics, Policy, and Regulation
Individual’s right to their own genomic data
Validity, Utility, Actionability, Probability1
Our world is not Gattaca
Individuals having and sharing health data has
reduced stigma and discrimination2
Global concerns: human cloning, sex
selection, genetic privacy, non-discrimination
UN Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine 1997
(Chapter IV Human Genome)
Council of Europe Biomedicine Convention 1997
US Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) 2008
39
1
Swan, M. Multigenic Condition Risk Assessment in Direct-to-Consumer Genomic Services. Genet Med 2010, May;12(5):279-88.
2
Kido T and Swan M. The Potential Power of Personal Genomics in Reducing Social Stereotypes: Attitudinal Study and Computer
Animation of Results for 4,000 Japanese Respondents. ASHG 2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3312949
Why Important? Cornerstone component in the realization of
preventive medicine, goal = avoid clinical onset of disease
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Future of Life Sciences
4. Neuroscience and Brain Research
40
Neuroscience innovation areas
Tools and processes for characterization
and intervention in development, function,
and pathology of the nervous system
Recent Innovations
fMRI resolution and real-time use
Neuronal stem cell generation via somatic
reprogrammming,1
organoid2
Minimally-invasive robot-assisted
neurosurgery
Speech and Image Recognition
Natural Language Processing (NLP),
Cognitive Computing (IBM Watson)
Google image recognition3
1
Swan, M. Recent Advances in Neural Stem Cell Generation. Future Neurology 2012, Jul;7(4):473-482.
2
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/28/miniature-brains-test-tubes-neuroscience
3
Le QV, et al, Building high-level features using large scale unsupervised learning. 2011. http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.6209
Organoid
fMRI Imaging
IBM Watson Image
Recognition
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Future of Life Sciences
4. Brain Modularity and Minimalism
41
Human Connectome Project
3D mapping of neural pathways
Neocortical connects: regular
grid and neighborhood structure
Blue Brain Project
Neocortical scanning,
simulation, modeling (rat 2011,
human 2023E)
UTexas Cerebellum Modeling
Cerebellum simulation
Massively repeated cerebellum
wiring pattern
http://www.humanconnectome.org
http://newbooksinbrief.com/2012/11/27/25-a-summary-of-how-to-create-a-mind-the-secret-of-human-thought-revealed-by-ray-kurzweil
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~ai-lab/pubs/NeuralNets12-Li.pdf
3D Neural Modeling
Why Important? Final frontier in science, and applications
could have significant worldwide benefit
Neocortical Column
Simulation
Neocortical Grid and
Neighborhood Structure
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Future of Life Sciences 42
5. Nanotechnology: Nanomedicine
Drug delivery
DNA nanotechnology
Organ repair
Biomolecular interface
Medical nanorobots,
cognitive nanorobots
Respirocytes Microbivore Artery Cleaner
Nanoparticles
VasculocyteClottocytes
DNA WalkerHolliday Junction Quantum Dot Dyes
Farther future
Present
Source: Swan, M. Top ten recent nanomedical advances. Book chapter in Clinical Nanomedicine: from Bench to Bedside 2011,
Forthcoming. Holliday Junction: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130321141448.ht
DNA: Structural Building Block
43. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
5. Nanotechnology: Microfluidics
43
Why Important? Underlying driver of high-precision medical and
diagnostic applications, preventive medicine, neuroprosthetics
MEMS, microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip1
Human-body-on-a-chip2
Paper-based microfluidics3
Gut-on-a-chip
Lung-on-a-chip2
Lab-on-a-chip1
1
http://wyss.harvard.edu/viewpressrelease/80/harvards-wyss-institute-creates-living-human-gutonachip
2
web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2012/human-body-on-a-chip-research-funding-0724.html
3
bmf.aip.org/resource/1/biomgb/v6/i1/p011301_s1?bypassSSO=1
Lab-on-Paper
Diagnostics (DFA.org)3
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Future of Life Sciences
6. Participatory Health and DIYscience
44
(Light) Ecosystem: Level of Engagement (Intense)
Social
Media
Mobile
Health
Apps
Tele-
Medicine
PHRs
(personal
health
records)
Consumer
Genomics
Community
Labs
Quantified
self-
tracking
Citizen
science
Swan, M. Crowdsourced Health Research Studies: An Important Emerging Complement to Clinical Trials in the Public
Health Research Ecosystem. J Med Internet Res 2012, Mar;14(2):e46
Citizen Scientist:
Anyone conducting scientific
investigation without
professional training in the field
DIYbio
(do-it-yourself
biology)
http://diybionyc.blogspot.com
45. September 9, 2013
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45
6. Health Social Networks and Collaboration
Source: Extended from Swan, M. Emerging patient-driven health care models: an examination of health social networks, consumer
personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 2, 492-525.
Health
collaboration &
experimentation
communities
Health social
networks
(global & local)
46. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
46
6. Genomera
‘eBay of health studies’
May 2013: 600+ community members,
30 studies with 10-65 enrollees
Site access via www.DIYgenomics.org
Why Important? Hasten pace of scientific discovery and results
implementation, extend science landscape and DIY attitude
47. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
7. Quantified Self, Wearables, IOT
Goal: personalized knowledge through
quantified self-tracking
Global community: ‘show n tell’ meetups
Outcome: optimality and improvement
Example: personalized interventions for
depression, low energy, sleep quality
47
Image credit: http://www.nationalpost.com Image credit: Quantified Self
IOT = Internet-of-Things
Source: Swan, M. Overview of Crowdsourced Health Research Studies. 2012.
48. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences 48
7. Quantified Self Project Examples
Low-cost home-administered blood, urine, saliva tests
OrSense continuous non-invasive
glucose monitoring
Cholestech LDX
home cholesterol test
ZRT Labs dried
blood spot tests
Food consumption (1 yr)1
and the Butter Mind study2
Study
1
Source: http://flowingdata.com/2011/06/29/a-year-of-food-consumption-visualized
2
Source: http://quantifiedself.com/2011/01/results-of-the-buttermind-experiment
49. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
Smartring (ElectricFoxy), Electronic tattoos (mc10), $1 blood API
(Sano Intelligence), Continuous Monitors (Medtronic)
49
Smart Gadgetry Creates Continuous Personal
Information Climate
Smartphone, Fitbit, Smartwatch (Pebble), Electronic T-shirt (Carre)
7. Sensor Mania! Wearable Electronics
Source: Swan, M. Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0. J Sens
Actuator Netw 2012.
50. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
7. BioSensor Electronic Tattoos
50
http://www.jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/pulse/winter2013/page3.shtml#tattoos
Electrochemical Sensors
Tactile Intelligence:
Haptic Data Glove
Chemical Sensors Disposable
Electronics
Wearable Electronics: Detect External
Threats and Track Internal Vital Signs
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Future of Life Sciences 51
Magnetic Sense: Finger and Arm Magnets
North Paw Haptic Compass Anklet and Heart Spark
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4shfNufqSg
http://sensebridge.net/projects/heart-spark
Extending our senses in new ways to perceive data as sensation
Serendipitous Joy: Smile-
triggered EMG muscle sensor
with an LED headband display
7. Building Exosenses for the Qualified Self
Source: Swan, M. Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0. J Sens
Actuator Netw 2012.
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Future of Life Sciences
7. Augmenting the Brain
24/7 Consumer EEG, Eye-tracking, Emotion-Mapping, Augmented Reality Glasses
52
Consumer EEG Rigs
1.0
2.0
Augmented Reality Glasses
Why Important? Thinking Shift to: My health is my responsibility
… and I have the tools to make managing it fun and easy
Source: Swan, M. Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0. J Sens
Actuator Netw 2012.
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Future of Life Sciences
53
Annual data creation on the order of zetabytes
90% of the world’s data created in the last 2 years
Fastest growing segment: life sciences imaging data
8. Big Data and Information Visualization
Mary Meeker, Internet Trends, http://www.kpcb.com/insights/2013-internet-trends
http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/white-papers/healthcare-leveraging-big-data-paper.pdf
54. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
8. Life Sciences Big Data Visualization
54
Consumer/QS Data
Patient Data Integrated Health Data Streams
Social Graph Data Public Health Data
Environmental Monitoring
Why Important? A wholly new way of reacting to information:
formerly everything was signal, now 99% is noise
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Future of Life Sciences
9. Aging and Health Extension: Prescriptive
55
Neurodegenerative disease (ApoE)
Cholesterol testing and management:
exercise, vitamins, stress reduction1
Neuroplasticity enhancement
Rejuvenation research
Bioremediation enzymes2
Genetic therapies: RNA interference,
allotopic expression2
DIYgenomics studies: memory, sleep,
telomere-lengthening, skin response
Bioremediation Enzymes
1
REVEAL Study http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/health/research/16dementia.html?_r=0
2
http://sens.org/research/intramural
Lipoprotein Particle Density
56. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
9. Aging: Telomere Length
56
Telomeres (DNA tips) shorten with Aging
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23808324 (2013)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20822369 (2011)
Astragalus Root
Scientist:
Maria Blasco
Scientist:
Cal Harley
Telomere-length Testing:
What is your Biological Age?
57. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
9. DIYgenomics Telomere Study
Telomerase genes, telomere length, and intervention
Telomere-lengthening and immune system benefits (Harley
CB et al, Rejuvenation Res, 2011, de Jesus BB et al, Aging Cell, 2011)
57
Source: http://genomera.com/studies/aging-telomere-length-and-telomerase-activation-therapy
59. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
9. DIYgenomics Retin-A Skin Study
Can personal genomics (TERC, TERT, ILA1, TNF)
predict Retin-A reaction and side-effects?
59
Source: http://genomera.com/studies/retin-a-wonder-cream-for-acne-and-wrinkles-is-there-a-genomic-link
60. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
60
9. DIYgenomics Memory Study
Source: http://genomera.com/studies/aging-telomere-length-and-telomerase-activation-therapy
Goal: 100 member cohort
•Genotype: COMT, DRD2,
SLC6A3 (~5 SNPs)
(neurotransmitter modulation)
•Phenotype: memory test (20-25
minutes)
•Background questionnaire
61. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
9. Aging, Life Extension, Robotics
61
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaTfzYDZG8c&feature=share
Why Important? Possibility of reducing human suffering,
and extending well-being, productivity, and quality of life
Robotic Helpers
Robotic Companions
Wearable
Exoskeletons
Self-Driving Cars/Pod Transport
Senior
Empowerment
62. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
10. Future of Life Sciences in Space
62
http://www.planetaryresources.com
http://www.youtube.com/user/virgle
Asteroid Mining: Water, CHON, Metals
Mars Caves: Shelter and Ice
Search for Life
Over 150 Exoplanets Confirmed
Cyanobacteria: SynBio on the Moon
63. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences 63
Source: http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/oscillator/2012/03/31/foods-in-the-year-2000/
Why Important? Field of exploration, growth, survival, resource-
generation, travel, and entertainment for our future
64. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
Agenda
Our Futuristic World
Top 10 Life Sciences Opportunities
Synthetic Biology, Regenerative Medicine,
3D Printing, Genomics/Omics
Neuroscience, Nanotechnology, Big Data,
Citizen Science, Quantified Self
Aging, Space
Conclusion
Potential Risks
Summary
64
65. September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
Top 10 Life Sciences Opportunities
Quantified Self (QS)
Wearables
Internet-of-Things (IOT)
Space
Aging
Health Extension
Robotics
Regenerative
Medicine
Big Data
Genomics
“Omics”
Preventive Medicine
Nanotechnology
Neuroscience
Collective Intelligence
DIYscience
Participatory Health
Synthetic
Biology
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3D Printing
Biotechnology
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Future of Life Sciences Summary
Biology is the information science of the century
Wider ecosystem: institutions to citizen scientists
Preventive Medicine: avoid disease onset, optimality
Data: continuous, automated, objective metrics with
attendant access, sharing, security, privacy concerns
Biocitizenry: rights and responsibilities, health as a
human right
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Future of Life Sciences: Participatory Health
Individual
2. Peer collaboration and
health advisors
Health social networks, crowdsourced
studies, health advisors, wellness
coaches, preventive care plans,
boutique physicians, genetics coaches,
aestheticians, medical tourism
3. Public health system
Deep expertise of traditional health system
for disease and trauma treatment
1. Continuous health information climate
Automated digital health monitoring, self-tracking devices,
and mobile apps providing personalized recommendations
Source: Extended from Swan, M. Emerging patient-driven health care models: an examination of health social networks, consumer
personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 2, 492-525.
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Frontier: Mental Performance Optimization
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‘Siri 2.0’ Personal Virtual Coach
from DIYgenomics
Sources: http://cbits.northwestern.edu and
http://quantifiedself.com/2009/03/a-few-weeks-ago-i
Source: DIYgenomics Social Intelligence Study
http://diygenomics.pbworks.com/w/page/48946791/social_intelligence
PTSD App
Mood Management Apps from
Mobilyze and M. Morris
Source:
http://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/pages/
ptsdcoach.asp
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But wait…Bioethical Risks and Society
1
http://www.nature.com/news/glowing-plants-spark-debate-1.13131
Regulation (synthetic biology, genetics, stem cells)
Unsupervised release of synthetic organisms1
Practitioner ethics, registry, and licensing
Safeguards: control and if necessary extinguish technology
Monitoring and enforcement: top-down and bottom-up
Ownership (IP) rights and responsibilities
Policy issues
Digital divide accessibility, non-discrimination, medical tourism
Manufacturing standards, raw materials sourcing
PRECEDENTS: Recombinant DNA, Nanotechnology
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Biological Warfare and Public Health
Can these technologies be weaponized?
Biological Weapons Convention (1972)
Offense prohibited; defensive research
Open publishing (AIDS, SARS)
Risk assessment
Access to existing samples
Creating pathogens is difficult
Superbugs (Staph aureus), emerging infections
Simultaneous development of defenses
Sensors
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Bioethics Practitioner Standards
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http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0060073
Follow Hippocratic oath principles: autonomy, privacy,
beneficence
Research Ethics Recommendations for Whole-Genome
Research: Consensus Statement1
March 25, 2008
• Consent
• Withdrawal from research
• Return of results
• Public data release
Synthetic biology biosafety
Reviews: external pre-experimental and ongoing
Responsibility-taking: signature, documentation
Safe design: non-reproductive, activation-based, suicide gene
Safeguards for unintended consequences
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Models
Protected, open-source, shared foundation
Successive tiers cleared to public use
1996 Bermuda Principles
2000 Clinton: genome sequences ineligible for patent
Considerations
Product window, cost of development, market demand
Open-source information, fee-based services
Definitional issues
What is life?
Can genetically modified organisms be patented?
Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 1980
Ethics: Intellectual Property
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Heidegger in the Age of Biotechnicity
Technology discloses the world to us in a way that
could endanger us because we are not aware of it
Technology is not bad in itself
Our attunement to technology as a means of deeply
revealing the world to us could help us away from the
forgetfulness of being, our lostness in daily projects
We should tune into the enframing capability of
technology in the background disclosing to us the
possibilities for the meaningfulness of our being
See technology is an enabler, not a means to an end
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Heidegger, M. The Question Concerning Technology, 1954
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What is your world-changing vision?
Where will you be in one year?
Start-up company?
Back in school?
Working for someone else?
Who are your role models?
75. Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga
Creative Commons 3.0 license
Image: Natasha Vita-More, Primo Posthuman
Vielen Dank!
Questions?
The Future of
Life Sciences
Melanie Swan
MS Futures Group
+1-650-681-9482
@LaBlogga, @DIYgenomics
www.MelanieSwan.com
m@melanieswan.com
http://www.youtube.com/TechnologyPhilosophe