The Future of Life Sciences 2013 for Max Planck Institute

Melanie Swan
MS Futures Group
+1-650-681-9482
@LaBlogga, @DIYgenomics
www.MelanieSwan.com
m@melanieswan.com
http://www.youtube.com/TechnologyPhilosophe
September 9, 2013
Max Planck Institute, Göttingen, Germany
Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga
Image credit: Natasha Vita-More, Primo Posthuman
The Future of
Life Sciences

September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences 2
About Melanie Swan
 Founder DIYgenomics, science and
technology innovator and philosopher
 Current projects: MelanieSwan.com
 Education: MBA Finance, Wharton; BA
French/Economics, Georgetown Univ
 Work experience: Fidelity, JP Morgan, iPass,
RHK/Ovum, Arthur Andersen
 Sample publications:
Source: http://melanieswan.com/publications.htm
 Swan, M. Crowdsourced Health Research Studies: An Important Emerging Complement to Clinical Trials in the
Public Health Research Ecosystem. J Med Internet Res 2012, Mar;14(2):e46.
 Swan, M. Scaling crowdsourced health studies: the emergence of a new form of contract research
organization. Personalized Medicine 2012, Mar;9(2):223-234.
 Swan, M. Steady advance of stem cell therapies. Rejuvenation Res 2011, Dec;14(6):699-704.
 Swan, M., Hathaway, K., Hogg, C., McCauley, R., Vollrath, A. Citizen science genomics as a model for
crowdsourced preventive medicine research. J Participat Med 2010, Dec 23; 2:e20.
 Swan, M. Multigenic Condition Risk Assessment in Direct-to-Consumer Genomic Services. Genet Med 2010,
May;12(5):279-88.
 Swan, M. Emerging patient-driven health care models: an examination of health social networks, consumer
personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2009, 2, 492-525.

September 9, 2013
What is your world-changing vision?
 Where will you be in one year?
 Start-up company?
 Back in school?
 Working for someone else?
 Who are your role models?

September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences
Agenda
 Our Futuristic World
 Top 10 Life Sciences Opportunities
 Synthetic Biology, Regenerative Medicine,
3D Printing, Genomics/Omics
 Neuroscience, Nanotechnology, Big Data,
Citizen Science, Quantified Self
 Aging, Space
 Conclusion
 Potential Risks
 Summary
4

September 9, 2013
The future…
Image: http://www.sydmead.com

September 9, 2013
…is notoriously difficult to predict
Seemed likely to occur first:
Positional nanoassembly
Actually occurred first:
Young lady’s illustrated primer
6

September 9, 2013
7
Miniaturization Trend, Next Node: Microdots
Computing
machinery
Room(s) size Handheld Invisible Non matter-
based?
2050s2000s10-100 years ago 2100+
Information
storage
DNA
sequencing

September 9, 2013
Information Transmission Eras
Painting, scrolls Press, Transistor DNA
Analog Digital Life code ?
?
2000-21001455 & 1950-200017,300 years ago 2100+
(Kuhnian paradigms,
Foucauldian epistemes)

September 9, 2013
9
Prominent Artificial Intelligence Eras
Expert syst, CYC NLP, HTM, NCC Google, Watson
Enumeration Biomimicry Big data ?
?
2000s+1990s+1950s 2100+

September 9, 2013
Big Data: Personal Health Informatics
10
DNA:
SNP mutations
Microbiomics
Proteomics
RNA expression
profiling
Epigenetics
Health 2.0:
Personal Health
Informatics
DNA: Structural
variation
Metabolomics
Academic papers re: integrated health data streams: Auffray C, et al. Looking back at genomic medicine in 2011. Genome Med. 2012 Jan
30;4(1):9. Chen R et al. Personal omics profiling reveals dynamic molecular and medical phenotypes. Cell. 2012 Mar 16;148(6):1293-307.

September 9, 2013
Human Agency: Collective Intelligence Computing
11
Crowdsourcing
Quantified self-
tracking
DIYbio labs
Consumer blood tests
Citizen science
Concierge research
Consumer genomics
Health 2.0:
Crowdsourced
Health Computing
Ambient mental
performance
optimization
Continuous
sampling

September 9, 2013
DNA sequencing:
10x/yr improvement
12
Life Code: Biology is an Information Technology
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/_img/87/i50/8750cover2_law.gifhttp://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/images/nature11875-f1.2.jpg
Code Conversion:
Digital to DNA

September 9, 2013
Biology is the Information Technology
Image credit: J. Craig Venter Institute
Image credit: Anthony Atala lab
Image credit: Thomas Matthiesen
Artificial cell booted to life
Algal biofuel
Image credit: http://www.rexresearch.com
Whole organ decellularization and
recellularization (heart)
Organ regeneration (urethra)
DNA nanotechnology latch
box for drug delivery
Image credit: Aarhus University

September 9, 2013
Global Population: Growing and Aging
14
UN Habitat – 2010
http://avondaleassetmanagement.blogspot.com/2012/05/japan-aging-population.html

September 9, 2013
 2.4B Users in 2012, 8% growth, emerging markets
Worldwide Internet Penetration
15Mary Meeker, Internet Trends, http://www.kpcb.com/insights/2013-internet-trends

September 9, 2013
 1.5B subscribers, 31% growth, 21% worldwide
penetration in 2013E
Worldwide Smartphone Penetration
16Mary Meeker, Internet Trends, http://www.kpcb.com/insights/2013-internet-trends

September 9, 2013
 Over 50% worldwide population in 2008
 5 billion in 2030 (estimated)
 Megacity: (>10 million and possibly 2,000/km2
)
Human Urbanization: Living in Cities
17

September 9, 2013
Megacity
Growth
Rates
Wikipedia

September 9, 2013
Himalayas Water Tower
Biomimicry-inspired Dwelling Design
Living Treehouses – Mitchell Joachim
Masdar, Abu Dhabi – Energy City of the Future

September 9, 2013
Reconfiguration of Space: Seasteading

September 9, 2013
Urban Agriculture: Vertical Farms
21
San Diego, California
(planned)
Singapore (existing)

September 9, 2013
Transportation Revolution
22
Solar Power: Tesla + Solar City
Self-Driving CarPersonalized Pod Transport
Google's Self-Driving Cars Complete 300K Miles Without Accident, Deemed Ready for Commuting
http://techcrunch.com/2012/08/07/google-cars-300000-miles-without-accident/

September 9, 2013
Wireless Internet-of-Things
Source: Swan, M. Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0.
J Sens Actuator Netw 2012.
Image credit: Cisco

September 9, 2013
Sensor Mania!
24
Source: Swan, M. Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0.
J Sens Actuator Netw 2012.

September 9, 2013
Agenda
 Aging, Space
 Conclusion
 Potential Risks
 Summary
25

September 9, 2013
Top 10 Life Sciences Opportunities
Quantified Self (QS)
Wearables
Internet-of-Things (IOT)
Space
Aging
Health Extension
Robotics
Regenerative
Medicine
Big Data
Genomics
“Omics”
Preventive Medicine
Nanotechnology
Neuroscience
Collective Intelligence
DIYscience
Participatory Health
Synthetic
Biology
26
3D Printing
Biotechnology

September 9, 2013
27
1. Synthetic Biology Revolution
 Vision
 Harness design rules of biology
 Definition – biology as an engineering medium
 Directed redesign and de novo construction of biological entities
such as enzymes, genetic circuits, and cells
 Extensive applications
 Energy, Food, Pharmaceuticals, Materials, Chemicals
 Main approaches (cellular chassis runs DNA code)
 Metabolic engineering (bacteria produce diesel)
 Extending E. coli capacity (yeast produces medicine)
 Biomimicry (replicate biological function in synthetic systems)
 de novo Synthesis (create new functionality)
“This century’s transistor”
Source: Swan, M. Synbio Revolution: Biology is the Engineering Medium, 6/26/11
http://futurememes.blogspot.com/2011/06/synbio-revolution-biology-is.html

September 9, 2013
28
1. Biological Design Software
http://partsregistry.org
Select System, Device, or Part Level

September 9, 2013
29
1. Print DNA Code to Cellular Chassis

September 9, 2013
30
1. Biofuels
 First generation
 Food crop feedstock: sugar, starch, vegetable oil, animal fats
 Fuel types: vegetable oil, biodiesel, butanol, ethanol, syngas
 Second generation
 Non-crop feedstock: cellulose, biomass: wheat, corn, wood
 Fuel types: biohydrogen, biomethanol, DMF, bio-DME,
biohydrogen diesel, mixed alcohols, wood diesel
 Third generation
 Algae feedstock
 Fourth generation
 CO2 feedstock: CO2 converted to methane by bacteria
Algal Oil
http://biodynamics.ucsd.edu/pubs/articles/Ferry12.pdf
http://openwetware.org/images/1/1f/Biofuels.pdf

September 9, 2013
Why Important? Scope: possibility of designing and
remaking every aspect of the biological world
1. Synthetic Biology Biotechnology Applications
31
http://www.haaretz.com/business/the-start-up-that-translates-the-abcs-of-dna-1.486016
http://scientopia.org/blogs/everydaybiology/2010/08/17/e-chromi-and-the-scatalog/
Sustainable Natural Lighting
Fluorescent Angelfish
Glowing Arabidopsis
BioMolecular Design
and Synthesis
ATP Synthase E. Chromi Water Sensors
Environmental Sensing
Landmine Sensing Plant:
Arabidopsis thaliana

September 9, 2013
2. Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing
32
Whole Organ Decellularization and
Recellularization (Heart)
Organ Regeneration
Lab-grown Meat
Personalized 3D Models

September 9, 2013
2. Custom 3D Printed Objects and Food
33
Why Important? Potential near-term widespread
application of medical and personalized object printing
http://www.plummerfernandez.com/Digital-Natives
http://www.dezeen.com/2013/05/13/print-shift-extract-3d-printed-food/

September 9, 2013
3. Genomics and Personalized ‘Omics’
1. Established genomic applications
 Ancestry
 Carrier status
 Identity (paternity, forensics)
1. Maturing
 Health condition risk1
 Pharmaceutical response2
1. Emerging
 Athletic performance capability
 Environment/toxin processing
 Nutrigenomics, OTC product response, HLA matching (dating)3
1. Frontier
 Predictive wellness profiling: aging, cancer, immune response
 Social intelligence, cognitive performance, identity construction
Image credit: http://bit.ly/fovpJc
1
Source: Swan M. Multigenic condition risk assessment in direct-to-consumer genomic services. Genet Med. 2010 May;12(5):279-88.
2
Source: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/Pharmacogenetics/ucm083378.htm
3http://www.genepartner.com/index.php/science
75

September 9, 2013
Operated on the Crowdsourced Health Research Study Platform GENOMERA
http://genomera.com/studies/thinking-fast-and-slow-study
Objective: Investigate whether a genetic
predisposition for loss aversion and optimism
bias may be linked to real-life behavior
Inspired by Daniel Kahneman’s book
‘Thinking Fast and Slow’ (2011)
Hypothesis: Individuals with polymorphisms in
genes related to neural processes may be more
susceptible to two phenomena that shape
human thinking, loss aversion and optimism
bias
Genotypic Examination: 5-HTTLPR, COMT
Val(158)Met, T102C, DRD2/ANKK1, PDYN,
OXTR
Phenotypic Examination: Loss Aversion,
Optimum Bias Instruments
3. Thinking Fast and Slow Study

September 9, 2013
Operated on the Crowdsourced Health Research Study Platform GENOMERA
http://genomera.com/studies/social-intelligence-genomics-empathy-building
Objective: Confirm and extend research
linking genetic profile and social intelligence
Hypothesis: Individuals with certain genetic
profiles may have greater natural capacity for
characteristics of social intelligence
Genotypic Examination: OXTR, DRD2,
COMT, BDNF (genes which have been
associated with optimism and empathy,
extraversion, and altruism)
Phenotypic Examination: Interpersonal
Reactivity Index Instrument
3. Social Genomics: Empathy Study
Genotype Phenotype Intervention Outcome+ + =
DIYgenomics Preventive Medicine Methodology :

September 9, 2013
3. Big Data: Integrated Health Data
Streams
37
Swan, M. Health 2050: The Realization of Personalized Medicine through Crowdsourcing, the Quantified Self, and the Participatory
Biocitizen. J Pers Med 2012, 2(3), 93-118.
Genome
SNP mutations
Structural variation
Epigenetics
Microbiome
Transcriptome
Environmentome
Metabolome
Diseasome
Proteome
Personal and Family
Health History
Prescription History
Lab Tests: History
and Current
Demographic Data
Self-reported data:
health, exercise,
food, mood
journals, etc.
Biosensor Data
Objective Metrics
Quantified Self
Device Data
Mobile App Data
Quantified Self Data
Streams
Traditional Data StreamsOmics Data Streams
Standardized
Instrument Response
Legend: Consumer-available

September 9, 2013
3. Personal Microbiomics
38
Image credit: Grice EA et al, Nat Rev Microbiol, 2011, Figure 3
20 Microbiome Ecosystem Zones
Image credits: my.microbes.eu
My.microbes.eu Gut Enterotype Analysis
 Disease risk, drug response, and
nutrient generation
 Enterotype affiliation and nutrients1
1. Bacteroides (biotin synthesis)
2. Prevotella (thiamine synthesis)
3. Ruminococcus (folate synthesis)
1
Source: Arumugam M et al. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2011 May 12;473(7346):174-80.

September 9, 2013
3. Genome Politics, Policy, and Regulation
 Individual’s right to their own genomic data
 Validity, Utility, Actionability, Probability1
 Our world is not Gattaca
 Individuals having and sharing health data has
reduced stigma and discrimination2
 Global concerns: human cloning, sex
selection, genetic privacy, non-discrimination
 UN Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine 1997
(Chapter IV Human Genome)
 Council of Europe Biomedicine Convention 1997
 US Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) 2008
39
1
Swan, M. Multigenic Condition Risk Assessment in Direct-to-Consumer Genomic Services. Genet Med 2010, May;12(5):279-88.
2
Kido T and Swan M. The Potential Power of Personal Genomics in Reducing Social Stereotypes: Attitudinal Study and Computer
Animation of Results for 4,000 Japanese Respondents. ASHG 2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3312949
Why Important? Cornerstone component in the realization of
preventive medicine, goal = avoid clinical onset of disease

September 9, 2013
4. Neuroscience and Brain Research
40
 Neuroscience innovation areas
 Tools and processes for characterization
and intervention in development, function,
and pathology of the nervous system
 Recent Innovations
 fMRI resolution and real-time use
 Neuronal stem cell generation via somatic
reprogrammming,1
organoid2
 Minimally-invasive robot-assisted
neurosurgery
 Speech and Image Recognition
 Natural Language Processing (NLP),
Cognitive Computing (IBM Watson)
 Google image recognition3
1
Swan, M. Recent Advances in Neural Stem Cell Generation. Future Neurology 2012, Jul;7(4):473-482.
2
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/aug/28/miniature-brains-test-tubes-neuroscience
3
Le QV, et al, Building high-level features using large scale unsupervised learning. 2011. http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.6209
Organoid
fMRI Imaging
IBM Watson Image
Recognition

September 9, 2013
4. Brain Modularity and Minimalism
41
 Human Connectome Project
 3D mapping of neural pathways
 Neocortical connects: regular
grid and neighborhood structure
 Blue Brain Project
 Neocortical scanning,
simulation, modeling (rat 2011,
human 2023E)
 UTexas Cerebellum Modeling
 Cerebellum simulation
 Massively repeated cerebellum
wiring pattern
http://www.humanconnectome.org
http://newbooksinbrief.com/2012/11/27/25-a-summary-of-how-to-create-a-mind-the-secret-of-human-thought-revealed-by-ray-kurzweil
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~ai-lab/pubs/NeuralNets12-Li.pdf
3D Neural Modeling
Why Important? Final frontier in science, and applications
could have significant worldwide benefit
Neocortical Column
Simulation
Neocortical Grid and
Neighborhood Structure

September 9, 2013
5. Nanotechnology: Nanomedicine
 Drug delivery
 DNA nanotechnology
 Organ repair
 Biomolecular interface
 Medical nanorobots,
cognitive nanorobots
Respirocytes Microbivore Artery Cleaner
Nanoparticles
VasculocyteClottocytes
DNA WalkerHolliday Junction Quantum Dot Dyes
Farther future
Present
Source: Swan, M. Top ten recent nanomedical advances. Book chapter in Clinical Nanomedicine: from Bench to Bedside 2011,
Forthcoming. Holliday Junction: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/03/130321141448.ht
DNA: Structural Building Block

September 9, 2013
5. Nanotechnology: Microfluidics
43
Why Important? Underlying driver of high-precision medical and
diagnostic applications, preventive medicine, neuroprosthetics
 MEMS, microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip1
 Human-body-on-a-chip2
 Paper-based microfluidics3
Gut-on-a-chip
Lung-on-a-chip2
Lab-on-a-chip1
1
http://wyss.harvard.edu/viewpressrelease/80/harvards-wyss-institute-creates-living-human-gutonachip
2
web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2012/human-body-on-a-chip-research-funding-0724.html
3
bmf.aip.org/resource/1/biomgb/v6/i1/p011301_s1?bypassSSO=1
Lab-on-Paper
Diagnostics (DFA.org)3

September 9, 2013
6. Participatory Health and DIYscience
44
(Light) Ecosystem: Level of Engagement (Intense)
Social
Media
Mobile
Health
Apps
Tele-
Medicine
PHRs
(personal
health
records)
Consumer
Genomics
Community
Labs
Quantified
self-
tracking
Citizen
science
Swan, M. Crowdsourced Health Research Studies: An Important Emerging Complement to Clinical Trials in the Public
Health Research Ecosystem. J Med Internet Res 2012, Mar;14(2):e46
Citizen Scientist:
Anyone conducting scientific
investigation without
professional training in the field
DIYbio
(do-it-yourself
biology)
http://diybionyc.blogspot.com

September 9, 2013
45
6. Health Social Networks and Collaboration
Source: Extended from Swan, M. Emerging patient-driven health care models: an examination of health social networks, consumer
personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 2, 492-525.
Health
collaboration &
experimentation
communities
Health social
networks
(global & local)

September 9, 2013
46
6. Genomera
‘eBay of health studies’
May 2013: 600+ community members,
30 studies with 10-65 enrollees
Site access via www.DIYgenomics.org
Why Important? Hasten pace of scientific discovery and results
implementation, extend science landscape and DIY attitude

September 9, 2013
7. Quantified Self, Wearables, IOT
 Goal: personalized knowledge through
quantified self-tracking
 Global community: ‘show n tell’ meetups
 Outcome: optimality and improvement
 Example: personalized interventions for
depression, low energy, sleep quality
47
Image credit: http://www.nationalpost.com Image credit: Quantified Self
IOT = Internet-of-Things
Source: Swan, M. Overview of Crowdsourced Health Research Studies. 2012.

September 9, 2013
7. Quantified Self Project Examples
 Low-cost home-administered blood, urine, saliva tests
OrSense continuous non-invasive
glucose monitoring
Cholestech LDX
home cholesterol test
ZRT Labs dried
blood spot tests
 Food consumption (1 yr)1
and the Butter Mind study2
 Study
1
Source: http://flowingdata.com/2011/06/29/a-year-of-food-consumption-visualized
2
Source: http://quantifiedself.com/2011/01/results-of-the-buttermind-experiment

September 9, 2013
Smartring (ElectricFoxy), Electronic tattoos (mc10), $1 blood API
(Sano Intelligence), Continuous Monitors (Medtronic)
49
Smart Gadgetry Creates Continuous Personal
Information Climate
Smartphone, Fitbit, Smartwatch (Pebble), Electronic T-shirt (Carre)
7. Sensor Mania! Wearable Electronics
Source: Swan, M. Sensor Mania! The Internet of Things, Objective Metrics, and the Quantified Self 2.0. J Sens
Actuator Netw 2012.

September 9, 2013
7. BioSensor Electronic Tattoos
50
http://www.jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/pulse/winter2013/page3.shtml#tattoos
Electrochemical Sensors
Tactile Intelligence:
Haptic Data Glove
Chemical Sensors Disposable
Electronics
Wearable Electronics: Detect External
Threats and Track Internal Vital Signs

September 9, 2013
Magnetic Sense: Finger and Arm Magnets
North Paw Haptic Compass Anklet and Heart Spark
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4shfNufqSg
http://sensebridge.net/projects/heart-spark
Extending our senses in new ways to perceive data as sensation
Serendipitous Joy: Smile-
triggered EMG muscle sensor
with an LED headband display
7. Building Exosenses for the Qualified Self
Actuator Netw 2012.

September 9, 2013
7. Augmenting the Brain
24/7 Consumer EEG, Eye-tracking, Emotion-Mapping, Augmented Reality Glasses
52
Consumer EEG Rigs
1.0
2.0
Augmented Reality Glasses
Why Important? Thinking Shift to: My health is my responsibility
… and I have the tools to make managing it fun and easy
Actuator Netw 2012.

September 9, 2013
53
 Annual data creation on the order of zetabytes
 90% of the world’s data created in the last 2 years
 Fastest growing segment: life sciences imaging data
8. Big Data and Information Visualization
Mary Meeker, Internet Trends, http://www.kpcb.com/insights/2013-internet-trends
http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/white-papers/healthcare-leveraging-big-data-paper.pdf

September 9, 2013
8. Life Sciences Big Data Visualization
54
Consumer/QS Data
Patient Data Integrated Health Data Streams
Social Graph Data Public Health Data
Environmental Monitoring
Why Important? A wholly new way of reacting to information:
formerly everything was signal, now 99% is noise

September 9, 2013
9. Aging and Health Extension: Prescriptive
55
 Neurodegenerative disease (ApoE)
 Cholesterol testing and management:
exercise, vitamins, stress reduction1
 Neuroplasticity enhancement
 Rejuvenation research
 Bioremediation enzymes2
 Genetic therapies: RNA interference,
allotopic expression2
 DIYgenomics studies: memory, sleep,
telomere-lengthening, skin response
Bioremediation Enzymes
1
REVEAL Study http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/health/research/16dementia.html?_r=0
2
http://sens.org/research/intramural
Lipoprotein Particle Density

September 9, 2013
9. Aging: Telomere Length
56
Telomeres (DNA tips) shorten with Aging
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23808324 (2013)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20822369 (2011)
Astragalus Root
Scientist:
Maria Blasco
Scientist:
Cal Harley
Telomere-length Testing:
What is your Biological Age?

September 9, 2013
9. DIYgenomics Telomere Study
 Telomerase genes, telomere length, and intervention
 Telomere-lengthening and immune system benefits (Harley
CB et al, Rejuvenation Res, 2011, de Jesus BB et al, Aging Cell, 2011)
57
Source: http://genomera.com/studies/aging-telomere-length-and-telomerase-activation-therapy

September 9, 2013
9. Aging: Skin Rejuvenation
 Topical Treatments
 Retinoids (Retin-A)
 Retinoid substitutes
 Salicin, CoQ10, Intense Pulsed Light
 Filler injections
 Botox, hyaluronic acid, transdermal
hexapeptides, bio-roller microneedle
therapy
 Cellular therapies
 Injected collagen-producing fibroblasts
(LaViv, Vavelta)
 Stem cell face lift
 Dermal substitutes, spray-on skin,
wound-healing, scar reduction 58
http://www.slideshare.net/lablogga/translational-antiaging-skin-research
PermaDerm
3D Spray-on Skin
Microneedle bio-roller
Salicin (Willow Bark)

September 9, 2013
9. DIYgenomics Retin-A Skin Study
 Can personal genomics (TERC, TERT, ILA1, TNF)
predict Retin-A reaction and side-effects?
59
Source: http://genomera.com/studies/retin-a-wonder-cream-for-acne-and-wrinkles-is-there-a-genomic-link

September 9, 2013
60
9. DIYgenomics Memory Study
Source: http://genomera.com/studies/aging-telomere-length-and-telomerase-activation-therapy
Goal: 100 member cohort
•Genotype: COMT, DRD2,
SLC6A3 (~5 SNPs)
(neurotransmitter modulation)
•Phenotype: memory test (20-25
minutes)
•Background questionnaire

September 9, 2013
9. Aging, Life Extension, Robotics
61
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaTfzYDZG8c&feature=share
Why Important? Possibility of reducing human suffering,
and extending well-being, productivity, and quality of life
Robotic Helpers
Robotic Companions
Wearable
Exoskeletons
Self-Driving Cars/Pod Transport
Senior
Empowerment

September 9, 2013
10. Future of Life Sciences in Space
62
http://www.planetaryresources.com
http://www.youtube.com/user/virgle
Asteroid Mining: Water, CHON, Metals
Mars Caves: Shelter and Ice
Search for Life
Over 150 Exoplanets Confirmed
Cyanobacteria: SynBio on the Moon

September 9, 2013
Source: http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/oscillator/2012/03/31/foods-in-the-year-2000/
Why Important? Field of exploration, growth, survival, resource-
generation, travel, and entertainment for our future

September 9, 2013
Agenda
 Aging, Space
 Conclusion
 Potential Risks
 Summary
64

September 9, 2013
Top 10 Life Sciences Opportunities
Quantified Self (QS)
Wearables
Internet-of-Things (IOT)
Space
Aging
Health Extension
Robotics
Regenerative
Medicine
Big Data
Genomics
“Omics”
Preventive Medicine
Nanotechnology
Neuroscience
Collective Intelligence
DIYscience
Participatory Health
Synthetic
Biology
65
3D Printing
Biotechnology

September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences Summary
 Biology is the information science of the century
 Wider ecosystem: institutions to citizen scientists
 Preventive Medicine: avoid disease onset, optimality
 Data: continuous, automated, objective metrics with
attendant access, sharing, security, privacy concerns
 Biocitizenry: rights and responsibilities, health as a
human right
66

September 9, 2013
Future of Life Sciences: Participatory Health
Individual
2. Peer collaboration and
health advisors
Health social networks, crowdsourced
studies, health advisors, wellness
coaches, preventive care plans,
boutique physicians, genetics coaches,
aestheticians, medical tourism
3. Public health system
Deep expertise of traditional health system
for disease and trauma treatment
1. Continuous health information climate
Automated digital health monitoring, self-tracking devices,
and mobile apps providing personalized recommendations
Source: Extended from Swan, M. Emerging patient-driven health care models: an examination of health social networks, consumer
personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 2, 492-525.

September 9, 2013
Frontier: Mental Performance Optimization
68
‘Siri 2.0’ Personal Virtual Coach
from DIYgenomics
Sources: http://cbits.northwestern.edu and
http://quantifiedself.com/2009/03/a-few-weeks-ago-i
Source: DIYgenomics Social Intelligence Study
http://diygenomics.pbworks.com/w/page/48946791/social_intelligence
PTSD App
Mood Management Apps from
Mobilyze and M. Morris
Source:
http://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/pages/
ptsdcoach.asp

September 9, 2013
69
But wait…Bioethical Risks and Society
1
http://www.nature.com/news/glowing-plants-spark-debate-1.13131
 Regulation (synthetic biology, genetics, stem cells)
 Unsupervised release of synthetic organisms1
 Practitioner ethics, registry, and licensing
 Safeguards: control and if necessary extinguish technology
 Monitoring and enforcement: top-down and bottom-up
 Ownership (IP) rights and responsibilities
 Policy issues
 Digital divide accessibility, non-discrimination, medical tourism
 Manufacturing standards, raw materials sourcing
 PRECEDENTS: Recombinant DNA, Nanotechnology

September 9, 2013
70
Biological Warfare and Public Health
 Can these technologies be weaponized?
 Biological Weapons Convention (1972)
 Offense prohibited; defensive research
 Open publishing (AIDS, SARS)
 Risk assessment
 Access to existing samples
 Creating pathogens is difficult
 Superbugs (Staph aureus), emerging infections
 Simultaneous development of defenses
 Sensors

September 9, 2013
71
Bioethics Practitioner Standards
1
http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0060073
 Follow Hippocratic oath principles: autonomy, privacy,
beneficence
 Research Ethics Recommendations for Whole-Genome
Research: Consensus Statement1
March 25, 2008
• Consent
• Withdrawal from research
• Return of results
• Public data release
 Synthetic biology biosafety
 Reviews: external pre-experimental and ongoing
 Responsibility-taking: signature, documentation
 Safe design: non-reproductive, activation-based, suicide gene
 Safeguards for unintended consequences

September 9, 2013
72
 Models
 Protected, open-source, shared foundation
 Successive tiers cleared to public use
 1996 Bermuda Principles
 2000 Clinton: genome sequences ineligible for patent
 Considerations
 Product window, cost of development, market demand
 Open-source information, fee-based services
 Definitional issues
 What is life?
 Can genetically modified organisms be patented?
 Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 1980
Ethics: Intellectual Property

September 9, 2013
Heidegger in the Age of Biotechnicity
 Technology discloses the world to us in a way that
could endanger us because we are not aware of it
 Technology is not bad in itself
 Our attunement to technology as a means of deeply
revealing the world to us could help us away from the
forgetfulness of being, our lostness in daily projects
 We should tune into the enframing capability of
technology in the background disclosing to us the
possibilities for the meaningfulness of our being
 See technology is an enabler, not a means to an end
73
Heidegger, M. The Question Concerning Technology, 1954

September 9, 2013
74
What is your world-changing vision?
 Where will you be in one year?
 Start-up company?
 Back in school?
 Working for someone else?
 Who are your role models?

Slides: http://slideshare.net/LaBlogga
Creative Commons 3.0 license
Image: Natasha Vita-More, Primo Posthuman
Vielen Dank!
Questions?
The Future of
Life Sciences
Melanie Swan
MS Futures Group
+1-650-681-9482
@LaBlogga, @DIYgenomics
www.MelanieSwan.com
m@melanieswan.com
http://www.youtube.com/TechnologyPhilosophe

The Future of Life Sciences 2013 for Max Planck Institute

The Future of Life Sciences 2013 for Max Planck Institute

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot(20)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked(20)

Similar to The Future of Life Sciences 2013 for Max Planck Institute

Similar to The Future of Life Sciences 2013 for Max Planck Institute(20)

More from Melanie Swan

More from Melanie Swan(20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded(20)

The Future of Life Sciences 2013 for Max Planck Institute