1. stomach small intestine large intestine
intestinal villi
gastric
intestinal glands
intestinal gland
pit
lamina propria
gastric
gland
lamina muscularis mucosae

2. stomach small intestine large intestine

3. enterocyte
enteroendo-
crine cell
goblet cell

4. anatomical (macroscopic) features
> taeniae coli
> longitudinal layer of muscularis is split into 3 bands
> absent from the appendix and rectum
> haustra coli (colic sacculations)
> outpocketings between two semilunar folds
> appendices epiploicae / appendices omentales
> serosa-covered appendages containing adipose tissue

5. general histological (microscopic) features
> (1) concomitant special properties:
> has intestinal glands (crypts of Lieberkühn)
> lacks intestinal villi
> (2) ratio of goblet cells to enterocytes is much larger in the large
intestine than in the small intestine
histological (microscopic) feature of appendix
> aggregated lymphatic follicles (folliculi lymphatici aggregati)
> are found as a complete ring in the wall of the appendix
(tela subserosa and/or lamina propria mucosae)

7. appendix
ileum
vermiformis
mesentery meso-appendix

10. the last segment of the rectum
> proximal boundary
> beginning of anal / rectal column of Morgagni
(anorectal line)
(> pelvic diaphragm; levator ani muscle)
> distal boundary
> anus
> portions of anal canal (different covering epithelia)
> zona columnaris
> zona intermedia / zona haemorrhoidalis
> zona cutanea

11. circular layer (smooth m.) middle rectal v.
longitudinal layer (smooth m.)
venous plexus in the submucosa
levator ani m. (striated m.)
adipose tissue
anal column
anal sinus
columnaris-haemorrhoidalis boundary
internal anal sphincter (smooth m.)
external anal sphincter (striated m.) inferior rectal v.
perineal skin
haemorrhoidalis-cutanea boundary anus, skin

12. epithelium of the anal sinus epithelium of the anal column

14. sebacous gl. (holocrine gl.)
circumanal gl. (apocrine sweat gl.)