Fundamental operation of computer, basic computer hardware

1. MA200 July 2013
Basic Computer
Operation
Advance Information and
Communication Technology

2. JEFFREY D. BERMUDEZ
Makilas NHS, TLE Coordinator
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/use-of-computers-in-education.html

4. The history of computers in education
has been variously characterized as an
"accidental revolution" or "unthinking
man and his thinking machines”.

5. Others have said that the computer
revolution has changed the adage
that "necessity is the mother of
invention" to "in a computer world,
invention is the mother of necessity."

6. However characterized, it is clear that
innovators in this field have created
some of the most provocative and
stimulating ideas in the history of
education

7. In retrospect, there has been a confluence of
changes that have significantly impacted the
direction of modern education.
 Global Economy
 The Scientific Information Explosion
•http://thejournal.com/articles/1997/06/01/computers-in-education-a-brief-
history.aspx#d4jbk7yMaGUEslOJ.99

8. •Peripheral- A computer peripheral is any
external device that provides
input and output for the computer.
•CRT- Cathode Ray Tube.
•S/PDIF - (Sony/Philips Digital
Interconnect Format) is a type
of digital audio interconnect cable
used in consumer audio
equipment to output audio over
reasonably short distances.
•http://www.techterms.com/definition/ps2

9. •GUI- Stands for "Graphical User
Interface," and is pronounced
"gooey." It refers to the graphical
interface of a computer that
allows users to click and drag
objects with a mouse instead of
entering text at a command line.
•PS/2- is a type of port used by older computers for
connecting input devices such as keyboards and mice.
The port was introduced with IBM's Personal System/2
computer in 1987 (which was abbreviated "PS/2"). In
the following years, the PS/2 port became the standard
connection for keyboards and mice in all IBM
compatible computers.
•http://www.techterms.com/definition/usb

10. •USB-
•http://www.techterms.com/definition/usb
Stands for "Universal Serial Bus." USB is the
most common type of computer port used in
today's computers. It can be used to connect
keyboards, mice, game controllers, printers,
scanners, digital cameras, and removable
media drives
•Firewire- FireWire is an I/O interface developed by
Apple Computer. It is also known as IEEE
1394, which is the technical name
standardized by the IEEE. Other names for
IEEE 1394 include Sony i.Link and Yamaha
mLAN, but Apple's FireWire name the most
commonly used.

12. •A component or peripheral device.
• http://www.businessdictionary.com
•An input device is any device that
provides input to a computer.
• http://www.techterms.com

13. Keyboard
Most common and very popular input device is
keyboard. The keyboard helps in inputting the data to
the computer. The layout of the keyboard is like that
of traditional typewriter, although there are some
additional keys provided for performing some
additional functions.
Mouse
Mouse is most popular Pointing device. It is a very
famous cursor-control device. It is a small palm size
box with a round ball at its base which senses the
movement of mouse and sends corresponding
signals to CPU on pressing the buttons.

14. •Joystick
Joystick is also a pointing device which is used to
move cursor position on a monitor screen. It is a stick
having a spherical ball at its both lower and upper
ends. The lower spherical ball moves in a socket. The
Joystick can be moved in all four directions.
•Light Pen
Light pen is a pointing device which is similar to a
pen. It is used to select a displayed menu item or
draw pictures on the monitor screen. It consists of a
photocell and an optical system placed in a small
tube.

15. •Track Ball
is an input device that is mostly used in notebook or
laptop computer, instead of a mouse. This is a ball
which is half inserted and by moving fingers on ball,
pointer can be moved.
•Scanner
is an input device which works more like a
photocopy machine. It is used when some
information is available on a paper and it is to be
transferred to the hard disc of the computer for
further manipulation.

16. •Microphone
Microphone is an input device to input sound that is
then stored in digital form. The microphone is used for
various applications like adding sound to a
multimedia presentation or for mixing music.
•Bar Code Readers
Reader is a device used for reading bar coded data
(data in form of light and dark lines). Bar coded data
is generally used in labeling goods, numbering the
books etc. It may be a hand held scanner or may be
embedded in a stationary scanner.

17. •The term webcam is a combination of
“Web" and "video camera." The
purpose of a webcam is, not
surprisingly, to broadcast video on the
Web. Webcams are typically small
cameras that either attach to a
user's monitor or sit on a desk. Most
webcams connect to the computer
via USB, though some use a
Firewire connection.
•http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_input_d
evices.htm

18. • http://www.techterms.com/definition/system_unit
The system unit, also known as a
"tower" or "chassis," is the main
part of a desktop computer. It
includes the motherboard, CPU,
RAM, and other components. The
system unit also includes the
case that houses the internal
components of the computer.

19. • http://www.techterms.com/definition/cpu
Stands for "Central Processing Unit." This
is the pretty much the brain of your
computer. It processes everything from
basic instructions to complex functions. Any
time something needs to be computed, it
gets sent to the CPU.

20. •http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_funda
mentals/computer_cpu.htm
•CPU itself has following
three components.
•Memory Or Storage Unit:
•Control Unit
•ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)

21. •http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_funda
mentals/computer_ram.htm
•A RAM constitutes the internal
memory of the CPU for storing
data, program and program result.
It is read/write memory. It is called
random access memory (RAM).

22. http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_funda
mentals/computer_motherboard.htm
•The motherboard serves as a
single platform to connect all of
the parts of a computer together. A
motherboard connects CPU,
memory, hard drives, optical
drives, video card, sound card and
other ports and expansion cards
directly or via cables. It can be
considered as the backbone of a
computer.

23. •http://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_funda
mentals/computer_ports.htm
•A computer port is a physical
docking point using which an
external device can be
connected to the computer.
•A computer port can also be
programmatic docking point
through which information
flows from a program to
computer or over the internet.

24. •http://www.techterms.com/definition/outputdevice
•Any device that outputs information
from a computer is called, not
surprisingly, an output device. Since
most information from a computer is
output in either a visual or auditory
format.

25. •http://www.techterms.com/definition/outputdevice
•Refers to a class of video
devices that have reduced
volume, weight and power
requirement compare to the
CRT. You can hang them on
walls or wear them on your
wrists. Current uses for flat-panel
displays include calculators,
videogames, monitors, laptop
computer, graphics display.

26. •http://www.techterms.com/definition/outputdevice
•Is the most important output
device, which is used to print
information on paper

27. •http://www.techterms.com/definition/outputdevice
•The computer speaker is an
output device which gives
the user auditory feedback
regarding the state of the
computer.

28. •http://www.computerhope.com/os.htm
•An operating system or OS is a
software program that enables the
computer hardware to communicate and
operate with the computer software.
Without a computer operating system, a
computer and software programs would
be useless.

29. •http://www.computerhope.com/os.htm
•The three most common operating systems
for personal computers are
• Microsoft Windows
•Apple Mac OS X
•Linux

30. •http://www.techterms.com/definition/windows
•Windows is a series of operating
system developed by Microsoft.
Each version of Windows includes
a graphical user interface, with
a desktop that allows users to view
files and folders in windows.
•Microsoft Windows

31. •http://www.techterms.com/definition/windows
•Microsoft Windows GUI

32. •http://www.techterms.com/definition/macos
•Mac OS
•Mac OS is a line of operating systems created
by Apple Inc. It comes preloaded on all new
Macintosh computers, or Macs. All of the recent
versions are known as Mac OS (pronounced
Mac O-S ), and their specific version names
are Mountain Lion (released in
2012), Lion (2011), and Snow Leopard (2009).
Apple also offers a version called Mac OS X
Server, which is designed to be run on servers.

33. •http://www.techterms.com/definition/macos
•Mac OS GUI

34. •http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/2.5
•Linux
•Linux (pronounce LINN-ux) is a family of open
source operating systems, which means that they can
be modified and distributed by anyone around the world.
This is very different from proprietary software like
Windows, which can only be modified by the company
that owns it (Microsoft). The advantages of Linux are that
it is free, and there are many different distributions (or
versions) that you can choose from. Each distribution
has a different look and feel, and the most popular ones
include Ubuntu, Mint, and Fedora.

35. •http://www.gcflearnfree.org/computerbasics/2.5
•Linux GUI

36. •http://www.techterms.com/definition/office
•Microsoft Office is a productivity suite developed for
Windows and Macintosh systems. It is available in
several editions, each of which includes multiple
applications. All Office editions include the three
standard programs, World, Excel, and Powerpoint. It
also consist of Publisher, One Note, Access
•Microsoft Office

37. •http://www.techstalks.com/office-2013-best-features/
•Release of MS Office 2013 ( Formerly known
Office 15) on January 29, 2013.
•Microsoft Office Update

38. •http://www.techstalks.com/office-2013-best-features/
•It’s very much miracle news is that now you
all can edit PDF files by word 2013. Just open
the PDF file as word 2013 and then PDF file is
all yours. You can embed photos and videos
on that by using YouTube or Facebook.
•Edit PDF Files in Word:

39. •http://www.techstalks.com/office-2013-best-features/
•Microsoft Office 2013 contains some
important and unique templates which is
already been set and functioned for study,
business, calculations etc.
•Very Useful New Templates

40. •http://www.techstalks.com/office-2013-best-features/
•Skype
•Yammer
•On social media

41. •http://www.techstalks.com/office-2013-best-features/
•Now you can easily upload your documents
in SkyDrive with Microsoft Office 2013. By this
you can access your files out of home and any
time you want.
•SkyDrive Easy Access All the time

42. •Before encoding any data in the office it
is better to set up the page first

43. • To fit a book in Excel to a printable sheet
on Excel 2007
•Press MS button
•Click print preview
•On menu tab, click page set
•Adjust the percentage of sheet until it fits on the
preview
•Close preview and proceed to printing
Note: set print area on page layout tab is only use to merge multiple sheet
to create one printable page

44. • To fit a book in Excel to a printable sheet
on Excel 2010
•Click Ctrl+P
•On the setting menu, click scaling tab
•Set to Fit Sheet on One Page
•Click print button

45. End!