The Elements and Principles of Design

The Elements and Principles of Design
By Chelsea Flattery

What Are They?
Elements of design are the parts.
They structure and carry the work.
Principles of design are concepts.
They affect content and message.

Line
Line is a moving dot.

Form and Space
Form is an area surrounded by space.
Space can be positive or negative.

Movement
Movement is the relocation of an object in space over time.

Color
Color is the hue, shade, or tone of an object.

Texture
Texture is the visual surface quality of an object.

Direction
Direction is the course along which a line moves.

Proportion
Proportion is the relative size and scale of elements in a design.

Balance
Balance relates to our physical sense of balance.

Gradation
Gradation is the change from one color to another.

Repetition
Repetition is one, or similar elements that are repeated.

Contrast
Contrast is when elements are different.

Harmony
Harmony is when elements are related.

Dominance
Dominance is when one object is emphasized more than another.

Rhythm
Rhythm is a measured movement through space.

Unity and Variety
Unity is asetofelementsfrom the same family. Variety is elements that are similar, but not the same.

Your Turn!
What elements and principles do you see being used in this image?

Sources
Jirousek, C. (1995). Elements of Design. In Art, Design, and Visual Thinking. Retrieved September 28, 2009, from
http://www.char.txa.cornell.edu.
Lovett, J. (1999). Elements and Principles of Design. In John Lovett Watercolor and Mixedmedia Artist. Retrieved September 28, 2009, from http://www.johnlovett.com/test.htm
Line: Mike Chaput-Branson, “Line Up The Color” January 19, 2008 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution, Noncommercial, Share Alike License.
Form and Space: Ntr23, “Ice Form” August 19, 2006 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution, Noncommercial, Share Alike License.
Image Sources

Image Sources
Movement: Ed Schipul, “Orange Line @ eTech 2007” March 28, 2007 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution, Share Alike License.
Color: Nasplayer, “Rainbow Colored Milk Drop Splash (Explore 108)” June 11, 2009 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution, No Derivative Works License.
Texture: Lucy Nieto, “Tapete de Plástico – 2007” November 24, 2007 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution, Noncommercial, Share Alike License.
Direction: Jeff Bauche, “Abstract Life Line” January 21, 2008 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution, Noncommercial, No Derivative Works License.
Proportion: Alper Çuğun, “Disproportion” July 4, 2007 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution, Noncommercial License.

Image Sources
Balance: Terence T.S. Tam, “Space Needle and Pacific Science Center” October 6, 2008 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution, Noncommercial, Share Alike License.
Gradation: Natrium Chlorine, “IMGP4383a2” October 18, 2008 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution, Noncommercial, Share Alike License.
Repetition: Kevin Dooley, “Angles, Lines, Light, and Shadows” November 7, 2007 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution License.
Contrast: CatalineOlavarria, “Al Fondo a la Derecha” September 2, 2006 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution, Noncommercial, Share Alike License.

Image Sources
Harmony: Kris De Curtis, “Christmas in Love…” December 12, 2007 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution, Noncommercial, No Derivative Works License.
Dominance: Toshihiro Oimatsu, “Emphasis” June 23, 2009 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution License.
Rhythm: ZeroOne, “Spiral Staircase” July 2, 2007 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution, Share Alike License.
Variety: Ross Orr, “Series VI” September 26, 2007 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution, Noncommercial, No Derivative Works License.
Your Turn!: RomnickSimplicio, “Africa Fighting Below the Line - Print Ad (Education)” June 24, 2008 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution, Noncommercial, No Derivative Works License.

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The Elements and Principles of Design

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