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Accident injury prevention
1. ACCIDENT & INJURYACCIDENT & INJURY
PREVENTIONPREVENTION
....
MS INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNINGMS INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING
SAFETY & LOSS CONTROLSAFETY & LOSS CONTROL
2. WHY THE GOAL HAS TO BEWHY THE GOAL HAS TO BE
ZEROZERO
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. ACCIDENT & INJURYACCIDENT & INJURY
PREVENTIONPREVENTION
SafetySafety: the condition of not having to: the condition of not having to
undergo any loss, damage or injuryundergo any loss, damage or injury
Keys to a safe workplaceKeys to a safe workplace::
Safe Attitude – thoughts, feelings, emotionsSafe Attitude – thoughts, feelings, emotions
Safe Behavior – reflection of attitudeSafe Behavior – reflection of attitude
Safe Conditions – hazard mitigation, codesSafe Conditions – hazard mitigation, codes
Communication – two-way streetCommunication – two-way street
Learning from mistakes – accident investigationLearning from mistakes – accident investigation
8. SAFE ATTITUDESAFE ATTITUDE
Keep your mind on the jobKeep your mind on the job
Don’t take chances / shortcutsDon’t take chances / shortcuts
Manage your timeManage your time
Resist pressure to be unsafeResist pressure to be unsafe
Change boring routinesChange boring routines
Take personal responsibilityTake personal responsibility
9. Reflection of a positive safetyReflection of a positive safety
attitude:attitude:
10. Reflection of a positive safetyReflection of a positive safety
attitude:attitude:
11. SAFE BEHAVIORSAFE BEHAVIOR
Keep a neat, clean work areaKeep a neat, clean work area
Wear personal protective equipmentWear personal protective equipment
Use proper body mechanicsUse proper body mechanics
Heed safety / warning signsHeed safety / warning signs
Attend and participate in safety meetingsAttend and participate in safety meetings
12. Housekeeping is a behavior thatHousekeeping is a behavior that
reflects a safe attitudereflects a safe attitude
13. SAFE BEHAVIORSAFE BEHAVIOR
Ask for training if neededAsk for training if needed
Provide training if askedProvide training if asked
Build safety into every jobBuild safety into every job
Learn from mistakesLearn from mistakes
Yours as well as othersYours as well as others
Purpose of accident / injury investigationsPurpose of accident / injury investigations
14. Unsafe behavior leads to unsafeUnsafe behavior leads to unsafe
conditions…conditions…
15. SAFE CONDITIONSSAFE CONDITIONS
Worksite Analysis / Loss Control VisitWorksite Analysis / Loss Control Visit
Identify Hazards, then:Identify Hazards, then:
Remove / Repair – Guard – Use PPE – WarnRemove / Repair – Guard – Use PPE – Warn
Identify needs required for safetyIdentify needs required for safety
Communicate needs, hazards, solutionsCommunicate needs, hazards, solutions
Follow established codesFollow established codes
Life Safety, Fire, OSHA, DOT, UniversityLife Safety, Fire, OSHA, DOT, University
23. COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
Staff “safety meetings”Staff “safety meetings”
““Tail-gate safety meetings”Tail-gate safety meetings”
““Toolbox safety meetings”Toolbox safety meetings”
Pre-work safety briefingsPre-work safety briefings
Safety CommitteesSafety Committees
TrainingTraining
Any time unsafe attitudes, behavior orAny time unsafe attitudes, behavior or
conditions are present!conditions are present!
24. Post & Heed Warning SignsPost & Heed Warning Signs
25. COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
““Right to Know” StationRight to Know” Station
Hazard IdentificationHazard Identification
Handling and StorageHandling and Storage
Exposure Control / Personal ProtectionExposure Control / Personal Protection
First Aid measuresFirst Aid measures
……moremore
26. Accident Investigation & Follow-UpAccident Investigation & Follow-Up
Who?Who?
What?What?
When?When?
WhereWhere
??
Why?Why?
How?How?
……was injured – involved – witnessed?was injured – involved – witnessed?
……happened – job doing – equipment?happened – job doing – equipment?
……did injury take place – day & time?did injury take place – day & time?
……did the accident/injury take place?did the accident/injury take place?
……did this set of circumstances causedid this set of circumstances cause
this injury to this person ?this injury to this person ?
……can we prevent this from happeningcan we prevent this from happening
again?again?
27.
28. KEYS TO INJURYKEYS TO INJURY
PREVENTIONPREVENTION
Safe Attitude – thoughts, feelings, emotionsSafe Attitude – thoughts, feelings, emotions
Safe Behavior – reflection of attitudeSafe Behavior – reflection of attitude
Safe Conditions – hazard mitigation, codesSafe Conditions – hazard mitigation, codes
Communication – two-way streetCommunication – two-way street
Learning from mistakes – accidentLearning from mistakes – accident
investigation, and follow-upinvestigation, and follow-up
29. ANY QUESTIONS?ANY QUESTIONS?
"There are risks and costs to a program of action, but
they are far less than the long-range risks and cost of
comfortable inaction." President John F. Kennedy
Editor's Notes
Target Audience: Employees in high risk jobs; employees with multiple accidents or injuries
Objective: Participants will be able to describe what safety means and discuss five areas of focus for creating a safer work place.
The following speakers notes were written in conversational tone. Notes meant for the speaker and not the class are in parentheses.
This program was created by Andrew Taylor, Safety and Loss Control Director, Mississippi Institutions of Higher Learning. 12/04
Estimated time: 1 hour 30 minutes
Some people say that not having ANY accidents or injuries is impossible. Raise your hand if you have never had to file a Workers’ Compensation claim. We just witnessed the impossible! I know of people who have worked 30 and 40 years without having an accident – and they fought fire for a living! The “zero goal” may be a difficult one to attain, but it is possible. Instead of looking at your entire workforce covering an entire year, try bringing it down to an individual level. How many people that work with you or for you had no reportable accidents last year? If they could do it, why can’t their co-workers? Those people working through the year with no accidents or injuries have proven it could be done. For some people, a one month at a time, or week or day may be more suitable. Now, for some jobs, the “zero goal” may not seem realistic. Some jobs are inherently dangerous such as law enforcement, fire protection, agriculture, what are some others… For these jobs, the goal is very difficult to attain. It may not be attained in our lifetimes – but zero still needs to be the target – would you volunteer to get hurt to attain any other goal?
What is your definition of “safety?” (Discuss before revealing definition on screen) Let’s look at the definition on the screen. It fits right in with our goal doesn’t it? (Ask for, then add to examples of Loss, Damage, Injury.) Now, let’s look at some “keys to a safe workplace.” There are many different ways to view it, but I found these parameters to be the most useful:
Attitude – the thoughts feelings and emotions that make safe habits part of the job. Difficult to measure, but you know it when you see it! That brings us to…
Behavior – Behavior is a reflection of attitude, isn’t it? (give and discuss examples of unsafe behavior in contrast with safe behavior)
Conditions – with safe attitudes and safe behavior, we can begin to create safe conditions. Again, some working conditions are inherently dangerous, but identifying and mitigating as many hazards as possible is what it’s all about. A firefighter still has to go to the fire, but through PPE, adherence to safety rules that were developed from past tragedies, training and communication, the job can usually be accomplished without major injury.
Communication – is a two-way street. Employees need to inform supervisors of detected hazards, needed PPE, changes in conditions while supervisors need to inform employees of the same.
Learning from mistakes – yours as well as others, through accident investigation and communication. Most safety rules have been established based on experience.
Let’s look at each of these items in more depth…
Attitude is a very difficult thing to assess or change. It is up to each one of us to access our attitude and decide if we need to adjust it. Here are some things that will help….(discuss each, add to list – keep separate from “behavior”)
I walked into an equipment maintenance shop and saw this sign. I knew immediately who I was dealing with. People who have a sincere interest and make a concerted effort to keep the workplace as safe as possible. The shop while very busy, was neat as a pin.
Behavior is something we can see better. Here are some things you can do to promote safety through your behavior. (more on next slide - discuss, add to list)
(more examples)
!
There are many factors that influence the conditions in which a given job is performed. We have control over some, and others (such as weather) we do not. Some involve inanimate objects such as the condition of tool or vehicles while others involve human beings with their attitudes and behaviors. Here are some things that can be done to promote safe working conditions. (discuss, add to list, examples on next 7 slides)
Discuss dangers of loose gas tanks.
Examples of mitigation measures. Use problem solving skills.
Identify the hazards [rusty nails protruding from seat of bench (puncture wound), rotten wood is weakened (fall), rotten wood is habitat for insects (sting/poisonous), may also have splinters.]
What can be done to mitigate the hazards? (temporary barriers, remove, replace or repair)
Examples of unsafe conditions easily addressed with….machine guarding. (discuss need for guarding, not removing guards, lock-out/tag-out)
We have several machine presses throughout the state. Have you ever thought of the hazard created by putting so much pressure on a piece of metal? Depending on the situation, a piece could be shot across the shop like a bullet. Here is one way to guard against such a hazard that could save a life.
Examples of guards used to protect operators. They didn’t always come with guards – look at some antique tools sometime. These guards came about from injuries and what we learned from them.
Here is another application of the same apparatus. These can be custom made by the user for maximum efficiency. (note that removal is possible)
In any organization, communication is the first thing identified as needing improvement. Here are some ideas to improve communications regarding safety:
Safety meetings don’t need to be formal or take a lot of time to prepare or conduct, although they can if need be. You can include safety as a standard agenda item in staff meetings. Some impromptu meetings may have value. They go by many names, but they are a way to remind people of the hazards and worker protection measures of a job immediately prior to performing the job. One last check to see if any safety gear is needed. (examples – read chemical labels, owner’s manuals, review MSDS, review recent close calls…)
Committees: Regular meetings of people representing various jobs and perspectives can be very helpful. It provides that two-way flow of communication we discussed earlier. If management or other decision makers are included, they can make decisions with safety as a factor. Be careful not to get the committee too big (may need several specialized committees) and don’t let it turn into a complaint board.
Training: For new employees, this is the first observation they make regarding how serious on-the-job safety is. Make sure safety is included as part of all training, and make sure people are trained on the safe way to do the job (not the shortcuts or risky but easy methods). Training is also a two-way street. Don’t be afraid to say you do not know how to perform a task. Ask for training when needed, provide training when asked. Many injuries are the result of an untrained person doing something for the first time.
Don’t be afraid to speak up when hazards are present! Don’t ignore a hazard or assume “someone else” will fix it. How many times have you heard, “I knew that was going to happen some day?” I always think, “If you knew about it, why didn’t you do something about it?” Let’s hope it wasn’t fatal. Sometimes, you don’t have the authority or ability to correct the hazard – a perfect time to communicate it to someone who does. Use common sense and don’t turn everything that makes you unhappy into a “safety concern” – your credibility will suffer.
If there has been a loss, damage or injury, we not only need to document what happened – we need to learn how to keep it from happening again. That is what accident investigation is aimed at. It is not usually a difficult task if approached with answering 6 simple questions. (I call them the 5 W’s and an H) It may seem simple at first, but each investigation is like peeling an onion – when you uncover one layer, another layer is revealed and strange twists and turns can sometimes develop. The ultimate goal at the center of the onion is “How can we prevent this from happening again?” Other ancillary issues, if discovered should be handled outside the realm of safety.
Discuss who, what, why, when, where, and how. Follow-up is vital to accident prevention. Once a conclusion has been reached and a recommendation has been made, we need to see that it is carried out. We may need to help carry it out.
(Summarize previous material by reviewing these keys. ) Accident and injury prevention is a difficult thing to quantify. How many injuries did you prevent last month? How many accidents did you prevent driving here today? How many will you prevent tomorrow? Difficult to say, but what if I asked “How many accidents do you plan to have tomorrow?” We are right back to that goal of zero, one day at a time.
Lastly, I want to address something that is prevalent almost everywhere: I’ve heard (and been told) by co-workers and supervisors, not to have an accident because, “if you do, there will be mounds of paperwork to do.” (anybody else heard this?) That is not much incentive to stay safe. I would rather they said, “don’t have an accident because it hurts!” Now that is something I care about! That shows they really care.
Are there any questions about what we discussed today?
