First Aid and Medical Services History, Importance and Fundamentals.

1. Waqar Jan

2. Presentation
Content
Presentation
Content
1. History
2. Statistics
3. First Aid
4. Securing the Site
5. First Aid Kit
6. Fundamental of First Aid
• A-B-C (Airway-Breathing-Circulation)
• Control of Bleeding
• Burns
• Snakes and Spider Bites
• Eyes
7. First Aid & Medical Services – OSHA & Site Requirement
8. Trainings

3. Historical
Background
Historical
Background
First Aid For All
It All Began in Solferino ...
A battle in northern Italy sparked an idea that has since changed the world. On 24 June
1859, Henry Dunant, a young Geneva businessman, witnessed horrifying suffering and
agony following the battle of Solferino. He mobilized the civilian population, mainly
women and girls, to care for the wounded irrespective of their role in the conflict. He
secured them with the necessary materials and supplies and helped in the establishment
of temporary hospitals. His book “A memory of Solferino” inspired the establishment of
the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1863.

4. StatisticsStatistics
Non-Fatal Injuries
Year Michigan
Rate
National
Rate
2013 3.7 3.3
2012 4.0 3.4
2011 3.8 3.4
2010 4.2 3.5
2009 4.2 3.6
2008 4.4 3.9
2007 4.9 4.2
2006 5.0 4.4
Rate per 100 workers
2013
Total
Violence and
other injuries by
persons or
animals
Transportati
on
incidents
Fires and
explosions
Falls, slips,
trips
Exposure to harmful
substances or
environments
Contact with objects
and equipment
18 -- 5 1 6 -- 4
2012
Total
Violence and
other injuries by
persons or
animals
Transportati
on
incidents
Fires and
explosions
Falls, slips,
trips
Exposure to harmful
substances or
environments
Contact with objects
and equipment
19 4 6 -- 5 -- 4
2011
Total
Violence and
other injuries by
persons or
animals
Transportati
on
incidents
Fires and
explosions
Falls, slips,
trips
Exposure to harmful
substances or
environments
Contact with objects
and equipment
23 -- 5 -- 13 3 1
Fatal Injuries
Fatal Injuries Non-fatal Injuries
Michigan
Nation-wide

5. Prompt, properly administered first aid may mean the difference between rapid or prolonged recovery, temporary or permanent
disability, and even life or death.
FIRST AID = FIRST HELP
What is First Aid?
According to OSHA First Aid is an emergency care
provided for injury or illness:
• Immediately after it occurs
• At the location where it occurred
• Often consists of a onetime short term treatment
• Requires little technology or training to administer
First AidFirst Aid

6. Prompt, properly administered first aid may mean the difference between rapid or prolonged recovery, temporary or permanent
disability, and even life or death.
Basic First Aid
Training List
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Sever Bleeding
Broken Bone & Fractures
Burns
Chocking on An Obstruction
Head Injuries And Concussion
Cuts and Abrasions
Electric Shock
Heart Attack
Stroke Recognition
Moving an Injured Person
Drug Overdose
Unconscious Victim
Eye Injuries
Chemical Burns
Rescue
Site Specific Topics
First AidFirst Aid
Training Course Outline for first aid class – Page 123, Fig. 4
PEARSON CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY – Page 123

7. Prompt, properly administered first aid may mean the difference between rapid or prolonged recovery, temporary or permanent
disability, and even life or death.
First Aid can Include
• cleaning minor cuts, scrapes, or scratches;
• treating a minor burn;
• applying bandages and dressings;
• the use of non-prescription medicine;
• draining blisters;
• removing debris from the eyes;
• massage;
• drinking fluids to relieve heat stress
• and more….
First AidFirst Aid

8. First AidFirst Aid
Prompt, properly administered first aid may mean the difference between rapid or prolonged recovery, temporary or permanent disability, and
even life or death.
This gap in time is when First Aid proves itself.
To when medical care can be administered
From the moment
When injury happens
First Aid Importance

9. Response
Time
Response
Time
4 to 6 minutes
= difference between life and death
CPR, BLEEDING AT PRESSURE POINTS, OR CHOKING
IMMEDIATE RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL
Before emergency medical treatment is available.

10. Securing the
Scene
Securing the
Scene
• Electrical hazards
• Chemical hazards
• Noxious & Toxic gases
• Ground hazards
• Fire
• Unstable equipment
Before performing any First Aid, Check for:
Securing the scene

11. First aid kits are to be:
• Easily accessible to employees;
• Clearly marked;
• Stored in containers that protect kit items from damage, deterioration, or contamination;
• Easily moved to the location of an injured or acutely ill person, and
• Placed on vehicles in the absence of readily-accessible first aid kits in a fixed location.
Selection Criteria:
• How many people will the kit be servicing?
• What sort of injuries are likely where the kit is to be available?
• Does it need to be portable or will it be kept in a fixed location?
• How much space do you have to keep the kit?
• How much training the first aiders got?
First Aid
Kit
First Aid
Kit
1910.266 App A
First Aid supplies as recommended by National Safety Council (NSC).
Minimum recommended content of workplace firstaid.
PEARSON CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY – Page 125, fig. 5

12. Fundamental
of First Aid
Fundamental
of First Aid

13. ABC’sABC’s
A-B-C is the condition when a person airway
is blocked, and not capable to breath. This
condition stops oxygen to reach the lungs
and be circulated around the body in the
blood, which will result in hypoxia and
cardiac arrest.
What is A-B-C (Airway-Breathing –Circulation)?
open
closed
obstructed
Tongue

14. ABC’sABC’s
Electrical
Drowning Toxic - Noxious
gases Suffocation
Heart Attack
Trauma
Drugs Allergic reactions
Causes of Respiratory/Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac Arrest happens
due to the health condition
or environmental exposure.

15. 321
If CPR/Artificial respiration is
administered, chance of brain
damage:
0 to 4 minutes –
4 to 6 minutes –
6 to 10 minutes –
10 minutes + –
Recovery rate of victim if has artificial respiration done immediately
Oxygenated
blood flow
must get to
brain
45678910
Reaction
Time to ABC
Reaction
Time to ABC
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

16. ABC’sABC’s
Chain of Survival
The 5 links in the adult Chain of Survival are:
1. Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the
emergency response system
2. Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with an emphasis on
chest compressions
3. Rapid defibrillation
4. Effective advanced life support
5. Integrated post-cardiac arrest care Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Early Access
”911”
Early CPR
You
Early
Defibrillation
You
Early Advanced Care
Hospital
Early
EMS on scene

17. First Aid
CPR
First Aid
CPR
• Look listen-feel for
breathing
• Check cavity for oral
obstruction
Attempt to Ventilate
Establish responsiveness
Recovery position
Use chin lift/head tilt30 Compressions
To 2 Breaths
• Ask are you OK?
• Call 911
Check pulse
- First or recurrent heart attack 1.25
million
- 70% deaths from heart attack occur
before victim reaches hospital
- Strokes 3rd leading cause to death.
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

18. ChockingChocking
also called Conscious
Airway Obstruction.
Heimlich Maneuver
2. Give abdominal thrusts:
• Place a clenched fist above the belly button.
• Grasp your fist with your other hand.
• Pull inward and upwards up to 5 times.
• Check the mouth for dis lodged objects.
.
3. Give 3 full cycles of 1
(back blows) and 2
(abdominal thrust).
4. Call 911 if the victim is still
choking and repeat 1 and 2 until
help arrives.
How can choking be prevent?
In adults:
•Cut food into small pieces.
•Chew food slowly and thoroughly, especially if wearing dentures.
•Avoid laughing and talking while chewing and swallowing.
•Avoid excessive intake of alcohol before and during meals
If you are alone and choking, perform
thrusts on yourself, or thrust your abdomen
against a chair back, sink edge, or railing.
1. Give back blows with the heel
of the hand:
• Bend the person forward.
• Give up to 5 sharp blows
between the shoulder blades
with the heel of the hand.
• Check the mouth for
dislodged objects.

19. Control of
Bleeding
Control of
Bleeding
Temporal
Facial
Carotid
Sub-clavian
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar
Femoral
Popliteal
Pedal
Where the artery
passes over a bone
close to the skin
Pressure Points
Human body contains
≈10 pints of blood, 1
pints may result in
shock, 5-6 pint
usually in death.
Veins
Capillary
Steady flow
Oozing
Artery
Types of Bleeding
Direct Pressure Elevation
Cold Applications
Control of Bleeding
Spurting
Pressure bandage
Internal Injuries
Until emergency help arrives, try to control
bleeding. If possible, first put on rubber or
latex gloves before touching any blood. If
these are not available, a clean plastic bag
can be used to cover your hands. It is
important not to come in contact with
blood because of the health risks.
Do NOT breathe, blow, or cough on the burn.Internal InjuryInternal Injury

20. Control of
Bleeding
Control of
Bleeding
Tourniquet
Absolute last resort in
controlling bleeding
Life or limb
Once a tourniquet is
applied, it is not to be
removed , only by a
doctor.TourniquetTourniquet

21. Shock affects all major
functions of the body
loss of blood flow to the
tissues and organs
Symptoms
•Lie victim down if possible
•Face is pale-raise the tail
•Face is red-raise the head
•Loosen tight clothing
•Keep victim warm and dry
•Do not give anything by mouth
•No stimulants
First Aid
What is Shock?
Shock is the failure of the circulatory system to
provide oxygen rich blood to all parts of the body.
ShocksShocks
Shock is caused by severe blood and fluid loss,
such as from traumatic bodily injury, which makes
the heart unable to pump enough blood to the
body, or severe anemia where there is not enough
blood to carry oxygen through the body.

22. 1st Degree or
Superficial Burns
2nd Degree or
Partial Thickness Burns
3rd Degree or
Full Thickness Burns
BurnsBurns
Chemical Burns to Eye
Is an injury that results from heat,
chemical agent or radiation. It may
vary in: depth, size and severity
Scalds – is a burn caused by a
liquid

23. Do Not
•Do NOT apply ointment, butter, ice, medications, cream, oil
spray, or any household remedy to a severe burn.
•Do NOT breathe, blow, or cough on the burn.
•Do NOT disturb blistered or dead skin.
•Do NOT remove clothing that is stuck to the skin.
•Do NOT give the person anything by mouth, if there is a
severe burn.
•Do NOT immerse a severe burn in cold water. This can cause
shock.
•Do NOT place a pillow under the person’s head if there is an
airways burn. This can close the airways.
Call 911 if:
•The burn is extensive (the size of your palm or larger).
•The burn is severe (third degree).
•You aren’t sure how serious it is.
•The burn is caused by chemicals or electricity.
•The person shows signs of shock.
•The person inhaled smoke.
•Physical abuse is the known or suspected cause of the
burn.
•There are other symptoms associated with the burns
First Aid – 1st Degree Burns
BurnsBurns

24. Snake &
Spider Bites
Snake &
Spider Bites
Rattlesnake Copperhead
FIRST AID
Black Widow Brown Recluse
• Call medical help immediately if possible.
• Remain calm.
• Minimize movement if possible.
• Remove any rings, bracelets or watches.
Loosen any tight clothing in case swelling
occurs.
• Apply a pressure bandage to the bitten area.
• Splint or use a sling above the bitten part to
restrict movement.
• If possible, lie down and keep the bitten
extremity at body level. Raising it can cause
venom to travel through the body quicker.
Holding it down, can increase swelling.
• When possible arrange for transport to the
nearest hospital emergency room, where anti-
venom for snakes common to the area will
often be available and given if required.

25. Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
Day 6 Day 8 Day 9
Brown Recluse
Snake &
Spider Bites
Snake &
Spider Bites

26. EyesEyes
The most prevalent sources of eye injuries include the
following:
• Scrap materials, waste, and windblown dust
• Flying material particles or slivers from wood, metal,
plastic, and cement
• Chemicals or chemical products
• Falling or misdirected objects
• UV light from welding torches
Caring for Eye InjuriesCommon Causes of Eye Injuries
Knowing what to do in an emergency may save your
vision and/or the vision of your coworkers.
• Know the locations of eyewash stations in
your workplace.
• Keep emergency sterile eyewash solutions
accessible to you, your coworkers, and employees.
• Understand basic first-aid techniques.
There are 700,000
work related eye
injuries each year,
90% are preventable
with proper safety
eyewear.

27. Eyes
OSHA
Eyes
OSHA
Hazard Assessment
Hazard type Examples of Hazard Common Related Tasks
Impact Flying objects such as large chips, fragments,
particles, sand, and dirt
Chipping, grinding, machining, masonry work, wood
working, sawing, drilling, chiseling, powered fastening,
riveting, and sanding
Heat Anything emitting extreme heat Furnace operations, pouring, casting, hot dipping, and
welding
Chemicals Splash, fumes, vapors, and irritating mists Acid and chemical handling, degreasing, plating, and
working with blood
Dust Harmful dust Woodworking, buffing, and general dusty conditions
Optical Radiation Radiant energy, glare, and intense light Welding, torch-cutting, brazing, soldering, and laser work

28. Eyes
First Aid
Eyes
First Aid
Cuts, Punctures Object Imbedded
• DO NOT flush the eye.
• DO NOT try to remove an object stuck in an eye.
• Stabilize the eye with a rigid shield, with no
pressure. Also, bandage the other eye.
• Seek medical assistance immediately.
Chemical Burns
• Immediately flush the eye(s) with water while
hold the eye open as wide as possible.
• Water for 15 minutes. If caustic is involved, flush
for 15 minutes and while in route to ER.
• Seek medical assistance immediately
Particles in the Eye
• DO NOT rub the eye.
• Gently lift and pull upper eye lid over bottom eye
lid.
• Irrigate the eye with water or eye solution.
• If speck does not come out see a doctor.
Blows to the eye
• Apply a cold compress without pressure.
• Tape a plastic bag containing crushed ice to the
forehead and let it rest gently on the injured eye.
• See a doctor at once in cases of continued pain,
reduced vision, blood in the eye, or discoloration,
which can mean internal eye damage.
First Aid

29. Safety At Work
Is Everyone’s Business.
Eyes
Safety
Eyes
Safety

30. First Aid &
Medical Services
OSHA Standards
First Aid &
Medical Services
OSHA Standards
General Industry
• 1910.269(b), Medical services and first aid
o 1910.266(d)(2), First-aid kits
o Appendix A, First-aid kits (Mandatory)
o Appendix B, First-aid and CPR training (Mandatory)
• 1910.269, Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution
• 1910.269(b), Medical services and first aid
Shipyard Employment
• 1915.87, Medical services and first aid
Marine Terminals
• 1917.26, First aid and lifesaving facilities
Long shoring
• 1918.97, First aid and lifesaving facilities
Construction Industry
• 1926.23, First aid and medical attention
• 1926.50, Medical services and first aid
Standards

31. Site First Aid and
Medical Services
Site First Aid and
Medical Services
Site First Aid is part of the Emergency Plan and it must
address:
• How an injury will be treated?
• If transportation is required how will that occur?
Emergency Plan
29 CFR 1926.35

32. First Aid
Requirement
First Aid
Requirement
Most jurisdiction requires
ONE person on each crew
to have a full updated First
Aid training.
Most contractors requires
ALL field management
personal to have current
first aid card.

33. First Aid
Training
First Aid
Training
1050 Fuller Ave NE
Grand Rapids, MI
(616) 456-8661
OSHA recommends the following courses as an orientation
to occupational safety and health for workers. Each student
who successfully passes receives an “OSHA card” which is
required for many work sites, insurance and job bids.
The 10 hour program provides a broad overview of the role OSHA
plays in the workplace and their roles and responsibilities regarding
safety.
•Construction
•General Industry
The 30 hour supervisor program provides more in-depth coverage of
hazard recognition, abatement and prevention as well as worker
rights.
•Construction
•General Industry
Refresher courses are available for Construction.
•5 hour
•15 hour (supervisor)
29420 Fuller Ave NE
Grand Rapids, MI
(616) 447-2650

34. Use PPE
Be Safe
Use PPE
Be Safe