15. GREEK TEMPLES
Origins
Early temples had
massive pillars as
architects worried
about their ability to
support the weight
above.
Later temples
appear more
elegant.
Temple of Hera, Paestum
Hephaistion, Athens
17. Characteristics of a Greek temple
OREINTED TOWARDS THE EAST
CREPIDOMA (Crepidoma is an architectural term related
to ancient Greek buildings. The crepidoma is the platform on which
the superstructure of the building is erected. The crepidoma is
usually, three levels. The levels typically decrease in size
incrementally, forming a series of steps along all or some sides of
the building. The crepidoma rests on the euthynteria (foundation),
which is normally constructed of locally available stone for the sake
of economy.The topmost level of the crepidoma is termed
the stylobate, because it is the platform for the columns. The lower
levels of the crepidoma are termed the “stereobate”.)
18. Characteristics of a Greek temple
NAOS ( it refers to the Cella, i.e. the inner chamber of a temple which
houses a cult figure)
PRONAOS ( is the inner area of the portico of a Greek or Roman
temple, situated between the portico's colonnade or walls and the
entrance to the cella, or shrine)
AND EPINAOS (OPISTHODODMOS) - a room in the rear of the cella
of an ancient Greek temple
SURROUNDED BY OPEN COLONNADE
19. Characteristics of a Greek temple
ENTRANCE DOORS on the east and west walls
WINDOWS WERE RARE
PEDIMENT
TYMPANUM
TIMBER ROOFS covered with MARBLE OR
TERRACOTTA TILES
ANTIFIXAE ORNAMENT at the end of the roof tiles
20. Parts of a Greek Temple
There are four distinct parts
to a greek temple.
The
bottom, horizontal part is
the steps. Most Greek
temples had three of them.
CREPIDOMA (Crepidoma is an architectural term related to ancient
Greek buildings. The crepidoma is the platform on which the superstructure of the
building is erected. The crepidoma is usually, three levels. The levels typically
decrease in size incrementally, forming a series of steps along all or some sides
of the building. The crepidoma rests on the euthynteria (foundation), which is
normally constructed of locally available stone for the sake of economy.The
topmost level of the crepidoma is termed the stylobate, because it is the platform
for the columns. The lower levels of the crepidoma are termed the “stereobate”.)
21. Parts of a Greek Temple
The next section is
vertical and is the
column.
Most
columns had a
base (though not the
Doric), at the bottom, a
shaft in the middle, and
a capital at the top.
The shaft may be
smooth or fluted.
22. Parts of a Greek Temple
Above the column is
the entablature. If
the column is the leg,
think of this as the
tabletop.
It
has 3 parts: the
architrave, a kind of
base.
The frieze, a
decorated part
The cornice the top.
23. Parts of a Greek Temple
The top section is angled
and is called the pediment.
The
sloping top part is
called the sloping cornice.
The triangular part below is
called the tympanum.
This is often carved and
decorated.
Sometimes there are caved
features sticking up from
the room. These are called
antifixae or acroterions.
35. A slight curvature is
given to the stylobate,
entablature and the
cornices with an upward
rising of 6omm on the
shorter sides and 120mm
on the longer sides
.which if straight in reality
could have appeared to
sag of drop in the middle
The intermediate columns were 1.8m dia. And the corner columns
were 1.9m in dia.,
Thus made shorter and stouter ,which otherwise would have
looked thin and flimsy.
Temple of Parthenon, Athens (447-432 B.C)
36. ANTIFIXAE ORNAMENT
LION HEAD SPOUTS
COFFERED MARBLE CEILING
SUPPORTED ON MARBLE BEAMS
Temple of Parthenon, Athens (447-432 B.C)
37. The Parthenos statue was about forty feet tall
and constructed from a wooden core covered
over with shaped bronze plates. Gold plates
were laid over top. Ivory surfaces were used for
the goddess’ face and arms.
Temple of Parthenon, naos
38. entasis, the
outward bulging in
the middle of
Greek columns
serves as a
countermeasure to
an optical illusion,
that is created by
numerous straight
lines that appear
to be slightly
concave .
Temple of Parthenon, optical corrections
