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Elements of poetry
- 1. ELEMENTS OF POETRY Invitation By Jack Prelusky If you are a dreamer, come in If you are a dreamer, a wisher, a liar, A hope-er, a pray-er. a magic bean buyer… If you are a pretender, come sit by my fire For we have some flax-golden tales to spin. Come in! Come in!
- 2. What is Poetry? a type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form the art of expressing one’s thoughts in verse Uses few words to convey it’s message Arouses our emotions Poems use imagery or figures of speech to explain feelings or to create a mental picture or idea Suggest action or mood Many poems have a specific rhyme scheme using lines and stanzas Poems can rhyme or not rhyme 2
- 4. Kinds of Stanzas • COUPLET = two line stanza • TRIPLET = three line stanza • QUATRAIN = four line stanza • QUINTET = five line stanza • SESTET = six line stanza • SEPTET = seven line stanza • OCTAVE = eight line stanza 4
- 5. More on Stanzas Example of stanzas in poetry “First & Last” by David McCord 1 A tadpole hasn’t a pole at all. And he doesn’t live in a hole in the wall 4 stanzas in couplets 2 You’ve got it wrong: a polecat’s not A cat on a pole. And I’ll tell you what: 3 A bullfrog’s never a bull; and how Could a cowbird possibly be a cow? Each stanza signals a new image 4 A kingbird though, is a kind of king And he chases a crow like anything. 5
- 6. Use of Lines in Poetry 1 2 3 4 “To a Snowflake” Hello little snowflake! Where are all your friends? Should I expect a lot of them before the morning ends? 5 6 7 8 I love it when you come to me and you all fall down together And I get dressed to visit you Toasty warm in cold, cold weather. 8 lines organizes into 2 quatrains 6
- 7. Point of View in Poetry POET: author of the poem “It’s Dark in Here” By Shel Silverstein SPEAKER: “narrator” of the poem “As Soon as Fred Gets Out of Bed” By Jack Prelusky I am writing these poems As soon as Fred gets out of bed, From inside a lion, his underwear goes on his head. His mother laughs, "Don't put it there, And it's rather dark in here. a head's no place for underwear!" So please excuse the handwriting But near his ears, above his brains, is where Fred's underwear remains. Which may not be too clear. But this afternoon by the lion's cage At night when Fred goes back to bed, I'm afraid I got too near. he deftly plucks it off his head. His mother switches off the light And I'm writing these lines and softly croons, "Good night! Good From inside a lion, night!" And it's rather dark in here. And then, for reasons no one knows, Fred's underwear goes on his toes. 7
- 8. Figures of Speech used in Poetry • • • • • • Hyperbole (exaggeration) Simile Metaphor Onomatopoeia (bang, pow) Personification Idiom 8
- 9. Sound Effects in Poetry • Rhythm – The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem – Can be created by meter, rhyme, alliteration, and refrain • Meter – Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables – Occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern. • Rhyme – Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sound – Ex. LAMP & STAMP • Share the short “a” vowel sound 9 • Share the combined “mp” consonant sound
- 10. Sound Effects in Poetry • End Rhyme – Word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line – EX. Hector the Collector Collected bit of string Collected dolls with broken heads And rusty bells that would not ring • Internal Rhyme – A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line – Ex. Upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary. 10
- 11. Sound Effects in Poetry • Rhyme Scheme – A pattern of rhyme (usually end rhyme, but not always) – Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “see” the pattern “The Germ” by Ogden Nash A mighty creature is the germ A Though smaller than the pachyderm. A His customary dwelling place B Is deep within the human race. B His childish pride he often pleases C By giving people strange diseases. C Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? A You probably contain a germ. A 11
- 12. Sound Effects in Poetry • Refrain – A sound, word, phrase, or line repeated regularly in a poem • Alliteration – Consonant sounds repeated at the beginning of words – Ex. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick? 12
- 15. Types of Poetry a. 5 line poem 15
- 16. Types of Poetry Fire Red, hot Burning, scalding, blistering Heat, flames – frost, freezer Cooling, soothing, refreshing Cold, chilly Ice a. 7 line poem; describes two nouns opposite each other 16
- 17. Types of Poetry a. Simple narrative poem b. Story told though action and dialogue c. Deals with subjects such as adventure, love, jealous y, heroism, disaster, or revenge. d. 4 line stanza e. ABAB rhyme scheme f. Usually has a refrain 17
- 19. Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are. Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky. Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are! When the blazing sun is gone, When there's nothing he shines upon, Then you show your little light, Twinkle, twinkle, through the night. Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are! In the dark blue sky so deep Through my curtains often peep For you never close your eyes Til the morning sun does rise Twinkle, twinkle, little star How I wonder what you are Twinkle, twinkle, little star How I wonder what you are 19
- 20. Let’s put some TWISTS on Poetry! TONE & MOOD WORD CHOICE convey a message) (words or phrases the author uses to IMAGERY & DETAIL STYLE (figures of speech, symbols & other devices) THEME (determine what the poet is saying) STRUCTURE (punctuation, line length, stanzas, etc.) 20