1. BIO-ENERGY IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(314554)
TRIMESTER 1/2012
SCHOOL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY
SURANAREE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Jiraphorn Lubsungnoen ID. M5430116

2. Introduction
 Energy problem is one of the most important issues
seeming endless and continually affects all human
beings directly.
 Whereas the price of crude oil in the world market
has been increased from time to time and the
quantity of crude oil available is decreasing and
shortage of fuel oils in world, therefore, it is essential
to urgently seek for some substitute resources.

3. Introduction
 Each year world has to depend on imported energy
from foreign sources which costs over a millions;
therefore, saving energy whereas seeking and
supporting for substitute ones called renewable
energy should be encouraged.
 Renewable energy is usually in a never-ending
supply.

4. Renewable source
and natural source

5. Nonrenewable Energy Sources
 Natural resource which cannot be reproduced,
grown, generated, or used on a scale which
can sustain its consumption rate, once depleted
there is no more available for future needs.
 Also considered non-renewable are resources that
are consumed much faster than nature can create
them.
 Fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum, and natural
gas),nuclear power.

6. Nonrenewable Energy Sources
 In addition to these resources being limited, not only
the burning but also the extraction of these energy
sources has dire consequences to our environment

7. Fossil fuels
 Fuels formed by natural processes such as anareobic
decomposition of buried dead organisms.
 Fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and
include coal, petroleum, and nature gas.

8.  Fossil fuels are non- renewable resources because
they take millions of years to form, and reserves are
being depleted much faster than new ones are being
made. The production and use of fossil fuels raise
environmental concerns.
 A global movement toward the generation
of resources energy is therefore under way to help
meet increased energy needs .

9. Coal
 A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary
rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or
veins called coal beds or coal seams.
 The forms of coal
 Peat
 Lignite
 Sub-bituminous
 Bituminous
 Anthracite

10.  Coal is the largest source of energy for the generation
of electricity worldwide, as well as one of the largest
worldwide anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide
releases.
 Gross carbon dioxide emissions from coal usage are
slightly more than those from petroleum and about
double the amount from natural gas.

11.  Coal is extracted from the ground by mining, either
underground by shaft mining through the seams or
in open pits.
 The top hard and brown coal producers in 2010 were
: China, United States, India, Australia, Indonesia ,
Russia , South Africa , Poland , Kazakhstan , and
Colombia .

12. Petroleum
 Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring
flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of
hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other
liquid organic compounds that are found in geologic
formations beneath the Earth's surface.

13.  Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling.
This comes after the studies of structural geology
sedimentary basin analysis, reservoir
characterization.
 It is refined and separated, most easily by boiling
point, into a large number of consumer products,
from petrol (or gasoline) and kerosene to asphalt and
chemical reagents used to make plastics and
pharmaceuticals.

14.  Petroleum is estimated that the world consumes
about 88 million barrels each day.
 The use of fossil fuels such as petroleum can have a
negative impact on Earth's biosphere, releasing
pollutants and greenhouse gases into the air and
damaging ecosystems through events such as oil
spills.

15. Natural gas
 Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas
mixture consisting primarily of methane, with up to
20 % of other hydrocarbons as well as impurities in
varying amounts such as carbon dioxide.

16.  Natural gas is widely used as an important energy
source in many applications including ;
 Heating buildings
 Providing heat and power to industry
 As fuel for vehicles
 As a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of
products such as plastics and other commercially
important organic chemicals.
 Energy generation

17.  Natural gas is found in deep underground natural
rock formations or associated with other
hydrocarbon reservoirs, in coal beds,
 Petroleum is also another resource found near and
with natural gas.
 Most natural gas was created over time by two
mechanisms: biogenic and thermogenic.

18. Nuclear power
 Nuclear power is a type of nuclear technology
involving the controlled use of nuclear fission to
release energy for work including propulsion, heat,
and the generation of electricity.

19.  Nuclear energy is produced by a controlled nuclear
chain reaction which creates heat—and which is used
to boil water, produces steam, and drive a steam
turbine.
 The turbine is used to generate electricity and/or to
do mechanical work.

20. Renewable energy

21. Renewable energy
 Energy which is generated from natural sources i.e.
sun, wind, rain, tides and can be generated again and
again as and when required.
 They are available in plenty and by far most the
cleanest sources of energy available on this planet.
For e.g.: Energy that we receive from the sun can be
used to generate electricity. Similarly, energy from
wind, geothermal, biomass from plants, tides can be
used this form of energy to another form.

22. Solar energy
 Radiant light and heat from the sun, has been
harnessed by humans since ancient times using a
range of ever-evolving technologies.
 Solar energy technologies include solar heating,
solar potovoltaics, solar thermal electricity
and solar architecture.

23.  Solar power is the conversion of
sunlight into electricity
 Photovoltaics(PV),
 Concentrated solar power (CSP).


24. Wind energy
 Wind energy is a clean energy occurs because of
temperature differences around the world.
 Some places, especially those near the Southwest
Coast of Thailand, there are found to be a resource
of dynamic energy (Pumping and Generating
Electricity).

25.  Wind power is the conversion of wind energy
into a useful form of energy, such as using:
 wind turbines to make electricity,
 windmills for mechanical power,
 wind pumps for water pumping or drainage,
 sails to propel ships.

26.  A large wind farm may consist of several hundred
individual wind turbine which are connected to
the electric power transmission network.
 Wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is
plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean,
produces no greenhouse gas emissions during
operation .

27.  As of 2010 wind energy production was over
2.5% of worldwide power, growing at more
than 25% per annum.
 The monetary cost per unit of energy produced is
similar to the cost for new coal and natural gas
installations.

28. Geothermal energy
 Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and
stored in the Earth.
 Thermal energy is the energy that determines the
temperature of matter.
 The geothermal gradient drives a continuous
conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat
from the core to the surface.

29.  Geothermal power is cost effective, reliable,
sustainable, and environmentally friendly.
 Geothermal wells release greenhouse gases trapped
deep within the earth, but these emissions are much
lower per energy unit than those of fossil fuels.
 As a result, geothermal power has the potential to
help mitigate global warming if widely deployed in
place of fossil fuels.

30.  Global geothermal energy capacity will grow 89%
between now and 2015, according to the most recent
information available from GlobalData.


31. Hydro energy
 Power derived from the energy of falling water,
which may be harnessed for useful purposes.
 Hydro energy is simply energy that is taken from
water and converted to electricity (Hydroelectric
dam)
 Since ancient times, hydropower has been used for
irrigation and the operation of various mechanical
devices, such as watermills, sawmills, textile mills,
dock cranes.

32.  One downside to using hydro energy is that it can
sometimes change the natural flow of the water
which can make it possible to harm plants and
animals in the water.
 It can also damage areas and wildlife, as when
creating a hydro electric dam.

33.  Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity
generated by hydropower; the production of
electrical power through the use of the gravitational
force of falling or flowing water.
 It is the most widely used form of renewable energy.
 Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, with the
Asia-Pacific region generating 32 percent of global
hydropower in 2010.

34. 3 hydroelectricity plants larger than 10 GW
3 gorges dam in China Itaipu dam in Brazil
Guri dam in Venezuela

35. Tidal energy
 Tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts
the energy of tides into useful forms of power -
mainly electricity.
 Although not yet widely used, tidal power has
potential for future electricity generation.

36.  Recent technological developments and
improvements, both in design (e.g. dynamic tidal
power, tidal lagoons) and turbine technology (e.g.
new axial turbines, cross flow turbines).

Total availability of tidal power may be much higher
than previously assumed, and that economic and
environmental costs may be brought down to
competitive levels

37. Biomass energy
 A renewable energy source is biological material
from living. As an energy source, biomass can either
be used directly, or converted into other energy
products such as biofuel.
 In the first sense, biomass is plant matter used to
generate electricity with steam turbines & gasifiers or
produce heat, usually by direct combustion.

38.  In the second sense, biomass includes plant or
animal matter that can be converted into fibers or
other industrial chemicals, including biofuels.
 Industrial biomass can be grown from numerous
types of plants, including miscanthus, switchgrass,
hemp, corn, sorghum, sugarcane, and a variety of
tree species, ranging from eucalyptus to oil palm
(palm oil)

39.  Biomass can be converted to other usable forms of
energy like methane gas or transportation fuels like
ethanol and biodiesel.
 Rotting garbage, and agricultural and human waste, all
release methane gas—also called "landfill gas" or
"biogas."
 Crops such as corn and sugar cane can be fermented to
produce the transportation fuel, ethanol. Biodiesel,
another transportation fuel, can be produced from left-
over food products like vegetable oils and animal fats

40. Livestock waste
to >>>>
bio-energy generation

41.  Livestock waste-to-bioenergy treatments have the
potential to convert the treatment of livestock waste
from a liability or cost component into a profit center
that can:
 (1) generate annual revenues;
 (2) moderate the impacts of commodity prices; and
(3) diversify farm income.

42. Two basic platforms exist for converting
organic biomass – the biochemical (biological)
and thermochemical platforms
Conversion platforms for livestock waste-to-bioenergy conversion

43.  Within these platforms are treatment processes that
can be designed to solve odor problems, reduce
volume, recover inherent nutrients, decrease
pollution potential, as well as recover energy from
the manure.

44.  When selecting a conversion process, economics and
both the available feedstock’s quantity and
characteristics are important factors.
 In most instances, the desired energy form of the
final end-product is the overriding factor.
 The end-products from each conversion process can
be placed into three main groups: heat and power
generation; transportation fuels; and chemical
intermediates.

45. Bio-energy

46.  Bio-energy or Bio-fuel, which is fuel derived from
biological sources. In its broader sense it includes
Biomass, the biological material used as a biofuel
 One of the advantages of biomass fuel is that it is
often a by-product, residue or waste-product of other
processes, such as farming ,livestock, animal
husbandry and forestry.

47.  Biomass is material derived from recently living
organisms, which includes plants, animals and their
byproducts.
 Manure, garden waste and crop residues are all sources
of biomass. It is renewable energy source based on the
carbon cycle
 Another source includes Animal waste, which is a
persistent and unavoidable pollutant produced primarily
by the animals housed in industrial-sized farms.

48.  Biodegradable outputs from industry, agriculture,
forestry and households can be used for biofuel
production, using e.g. anaerobic digestion to produce
biogas, gasification to produce syngas or by direct
combustion.
 Examples of biodegradable wastes include straw,
timber, manure, rice husks, sewage, and food waste.

49.  The use of biomass fuels can therefore contribute to
waste management as well as fuel security and help
to prevent or slow down climate change.

50. Bioethanol
 Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation,
mostly from carbohydrates produced in sugar or
starch crops such as corn or sugarcane.
 Ethanol can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure
form, but it is usually used as a gasoline additive to
increase octane and improve vehicle emissions.

51. Biodiesel
 Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils and animal fats.
 Biodiesel can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure
form, but it is usually used as a diesel additive to
reduce levels of particulates, carbon monoxide, and
hydrocarbons from diesel-powered vehicles.

52.  Biogas is a mixture of mainly methane gas and
carbon dioxide gas.
 Biogas is produced when bacteria convert organic
matter to methane gas.

53.  Organic matter is the food source for methane
producing bacteria.
 The primary organic matter source for farm-based
biogas production is manure.
 Biogas can be produced using manure as the only
organic source, but the gas production can be greatly
increased by adding certain types of food wastes with
the manure

54. THE END