BIOMASS FUELED POWER PLANT

1. BIOMASS FUELED POWER
PLANTS
Presented by
Sinjo Johnson
B7
SCTCE
Guided by
Prof: Indu S
Dept of .Biotechnology
SCTCE
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2. OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Biomass and its sources
 Biomass power plant and its
working
 Biomass power generation modes
 Social benefits
 Challenges
 Conclusions
 References
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3. INTRODUCTION
□ Enough biomass resources in the world to cover the world’s
energy demand.
□ Biomass can be transformed into clean energy by a variety of
technologies.
□ Biomass lying around on the ground over a long period will
release CO2 and its stored energy.
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4. 0VERVIEW
□ Biomass can be chemically and biochemically treated to convert it
to a energy-rich fuel.
□ Thermal energy is extracted by means of combustion, pyrolysis,
and gasification.
□ Energy derived from biomass is mostly used to generate
electricity or to produce heat.
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5. BIOMASS
□ Biomass is a renewable energy source that is derived from living
or recently living organisms.
□ It is produced by metabolic activities of biological systems (plants
and animals) and/or products of their decomposition or conversion
□ The chemical and energetic value of those materials is based on
the carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bond
□ Biomass suitable for utilization must have a net heating value
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7. KEY COMPONENTS OF
BIOMASS POWER PLANT
□ Fuel storage and handling equipment
□ Boiler
□ Pumps
□ Fans
□ Steam turbine
□ Generator
□ Condenser
□ Combustor / furnace
□ Cooling tower
□ Exhaust / emissions controls
□ System controls (automated) 7

8. WORKING
 A biomass- fueled power plant produces electricity and heat by
burning biomass in a boiler.
 The most common types of boilers are hot water boilers and steam
boilers.
 Wood chips, residues and other types of biomass are used in the
boilers, in the same way as coal, natural gas and oil.
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9. WORKING(Cont…)
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10. BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODES
Different types of biomass power generation modes are:
□ Combustion
□ Gasification combustion
□ Mixed burning
□ Gasification mixed burning
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11. BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODES
COMBUSTION
 Most common method
 Direct combustion of biomass material ,such as agricultural waste or
woody materials
 Biomass is burned in a combustor to generate hot gas which is fed
into a boiler to generate steam which is expanded through a steam
turbine or steam engine to produce mechanical or electrical energy
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12. BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODE
GASIFICATION COMBUSTION
solid biomass breaks down to form a flammable
gas.
Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned in
gas turbine or engine
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13. Advantage
 High efficiency at small scale
 Flexible in capacity
 Low investment
Disadvantage
 Complex equipment
 High maintenance cost
Applications
 Medium and small system
 Combined cycles , which combine gas turbines
and steam
turbines to produce electricity
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14. BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODE
MIXED BURNING
Biomass mixed with coal and burned in boiler
 Main advantage
Simple and convenient operation
Least investment if no reconstruction of existing
device
 Main disadvantage
Strict biomass pretreatment and quality
Some impact on original system.
 Application
Suitable for timber biomass.
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15. BIOMASS POWER GENERATION MODES
Gasification –mixed burning
Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned with
coal in boiler.
 Main advantage
Universal application.
Low impact on original coal-fired system.
Economic benefit.
 Main disadvantage
Complex management.
Certain metal erosion problem.
 Application
Power generation system for mass biomass.
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16. SOCIAL BENEFITS OFBIOMASS POWER
GENERATION
 Biomass power generates electricity that is:
reliable,
domestically produced,
economically competitive.
environmentally sustainable.
 Since biomass energy uses domestically-
produced fuels, biomass power:
greatly reduces our dependence on foreign energy
sources,
increases our national security
provides greater fuel diversity.
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17. ECONOMIC BENEFITS
 Minimizes cost involved with waste disposal.
 Can generate money for community.
 It provide job opportunity in rural areas.
 Power from biomass gasifier based plants are cheap
in rural areas.
 Overall cost of installation, running,
transmission, labor etc. per unit cost of
electricity is low.
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18. CHALLENGES
 Large project cost.
 Low efficiency in technology.
 Pre-processing the fuel.
 Handling is very difficult.
 Non transparent trade markers.
 High risk.
 Securing the long term supply of Biomass fuel source
at stable prices.
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19. CONCLUSIONS
 Uses low cost waste materials.
 Recycling waste materials can be a solution to the problems with
disposing of waste products.
 Reduced dependence on foreign oil.
 Biomass plants operate in a reliable and consistent manner
providing crucial base load power generation.
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20. REFERENCES
 A. Marbe, S. Harvey, T. Berntsson, Biofuel gasification combined heat and
power-new implementation.
 B H KHAN, “Non-conventional energy resources” , 3RD edition, pub. year 2006.
 B. Wahlund, J. Yan, M. Westermark, Comparative assessment of biofuel-based
combined heat and power.
 Generation with small-scale biomass plants-state of the art review, in: Proc. the
Second International Symposium
 M. Salomon, T. Savola, M. Kirjavainen, A.R. Martin, C.J. Fogelholm,
Distributed combined heat and power.
 On Distributed Generation: Power System and Market Aspects, October 3-4,
2002, Stockholm, Sweden.
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21. THANK YOU
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