This document discusses biogas and solar pumps. It provides details on: - The composition and production of biogas from waste materials through anaerobic digestion. Biogas is composed primarily of methane and carbon dioxide. - The components and functioning of biogas plants, including digesters and gas holders. Biogas can be used to power pumps and generators. - The advantages of biogas in providing renewable energy with low maintenance costs, and the disadvantages of high initial costs and variable production. - How solar pumps work by converting sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic panels, and using the electricity to power water pumps. They have benefits of being renewable with no fuel costs but require large arrays and battery

2. NAME:B.HARINI
ID.NO:SE-14-008
COURSE NO:SOWE-251

5. •WHAT IS BIOGAS
•COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS
•PARTS OF BIOGAS PLANT
•PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS
•TYPES OF BIOGAS
•BIOGAS PUMPS
•ADVANTAGES
•DISADVANTAGES

6. It converts chemical energy to other forms
of useful energy by using waste material

7. COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS:
TYPE OF GAS % IN MIXTURE BY
VOLUME
METHANE 50-80
CARBON DIOXIDE 15-45
WATER 5
OTHER GASES
INCLUDING
HYDROGEN
0-1
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE 0-3

9. It works under
Anaerobic conditions(in
absence of air or oxygen)
Animal manure and
municipal sewage have
been the main materials
used for production of
biogas
Anaerobic digestion in digester

10. •The outlet pipe on the other side for
discharging the spent slurry
•The following micro organisms comes
into existence.
•The gas collected in a gas holder made of
mild steel
•It consist of a masonry digester with an
inlet pipe on one side for feeding cattle dung
mixed with water in 1:1 ratio into the plant

11. Hydrolytic and fermentative bacteria
Acidogenic bacteria
Acetogenic bacteria
Methanogenic bacteria
• The production of biogas starts in 5-10 days in
summer and 15-20 days in winter
These are few micro organisms developed in fermentation tank

12. FIXED DOME TPE
FLOATING GAS HOLDER
DEENA BHANDU

16. Generally all engines are adapted to run on
biogas.
In case of compression ignition engine adapted
to run on biogas.
A popular biogas–run internal combustion
engine uses 80% of biogas and 20% of diesel oil.
Pump can be coupled directly to the engine or
belt drive.

17. The consumption is about 450litres per brake
horsepower per hour of operation.
Centrifugal and propeller pumps are also
used with biogas.
 Engine is started on diesel oil after
warming made to run on biogas diesel
mixture.

20. The process is not very attractive economically
on a large industrial scale
It is very difficult to enhance the efficiency of
biogas system
Not feasible to set up at all the locations.

21. SOLAR PUMPS

22. • It is a form of renewable
energy that we recieves
from the sun in the form of
light and heat.
• It is a clean renewable
source of energy.
• Light and heat from the
sun is converted into
electricity using photo
voltaic(PV) solar pannels
which are installed.
Photo voltaic solar pannel
Set of solar panels
Sun and electrical
power lines

23.  SOLAR PANEL
 CONTROLLER
 BATTERY DC STORAGE
 INVERTER DC TO AC

24. • Asolar pannel consists of
solar cell
• It is made up of silicon, and
doped with impurities so as
to give negative and positive
electrical bias
• Sunlight falling on the cell
reaches between the two
layers in the form of photons
and knocks electrons across
the junction
• These results in the
development of potential
difference across the
junction .
Photo voltaic effect

25.  DC current passes through the inverter to
convert it into AC
 AC current is used for domestic,agricultural
purposes and also industrial purposes
 DC electricity can be drawn across the two
layers throgh an electrical circuit and stored
in DC battery.

26. • It consists essentially of a solar array, a direct current
electric motor and a pumping unit.
• Other components such as electrical control and some
mechanism for tracking the array against the sun
• Two types of pumping sets are used photo voltaic system, a
vertical centrifugual pump couplrd to a DC electric motor.
• Submergable pumping system is more sutable for photo
voltaic system.
• This arrangment eliminate suction pipe and foot valve and
results in high efficiency.
• The power developed by solar array ranges from 80-120
watts per sq.mt area of the pannel
• The anglt of array has to be changed 2 or 3 times a day

28.  Non polluting and clean source of energy
 No fuel cost abundant available of free sunlight
 Uninterrupted operation
 Low maintanence and long life
 Used for all electrical sources
 Reduces consumption of fossil fuels
 It can provide energy independently
 Good for remote applications such as
satelites,telecommunications etc…..

30. • Expensive to buy
• Sunlight is not constant so, must get electricity
from other sources at night
• Energy and time consuming
• Cannot built every where
• Solar plant take u lot of space