Conditionals

CONDITIONALS

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES STRUCTURE If you had listened to me, this wouldn’t have happened. He could/might have studied at university if he had wanted to. Would have + past participle Could/might have If + Past Perfect Unless FIRST CONDITIONAL THIRD CONDITIONAL If I had the opportunity, I would become an engineer I could/might visit London if my friends were there. SECOND CONDITIONAL If you study something practical, you will have a profession. You will meet a lot of people if you go to uni. If she is free tomorrow, she may/might want to come. Look for a summer job unless you want to travel abroad Examples Would + base form Could/might Future Simple + base form May/might imperative Result Clause If + Past Simple Unless If + Pr. Simple Unless Conditional Clause

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES USE
1st Conditional expresses what will happen if the condition is accomplished.
If I finish the project soon, I will go to the cinema with you.
2nd Conditional makes reference to the present , but it is hypothetical, i.e., it is not very probable to happen.
If you told him, he would understand the situation.
3rd Conditional does not express a condition, because it makes reference to the past and the hypothesis is not possible anymore.
You would have learnt to play the guitar sooner if you had taken classes.

In the negative, or we use the verb of the conditional clause in the negative or we use the affirmative with conjunction unless , which means if not.
He won’t believe anything unless we prove it is true.
In 2nd Conditional, if the verb of the conditional clause is to be , we usually use were in singular and plural persons.
If that camera weren’t so expensive, I would buy it.
And we always use were with pronoun I when we are giving advice
If I were you, I would ask my parents for permission.

Temporary Sentences
Reference to the future is done with 1st conditional: Present simple in the conditional clause and will in the result clause. What we change is the conjunction: when, by the time, as soon as, etc.
When I get home, I ’ll call you.
I will buy a car as soon as I pass my driving test.

WISH CLAUSES I wish I could go to university. I like Jack so much. If only he would call me! If only I hadn’t lost my mobile phone! I wish he had called me. If only I had a computer. He wishes his friends were here now. EXAMPLES Expresses a desire for something to happen in the future Expresses regret about a past action or situation Refers to a present situation that the speaker is unhappy about USES Wish + could/would + base form Wish/If only +Past Perfect Wish/If only + Past Simple FORM

If the subject of wish and that of the verb in the base form are different, we use would .
I wish/if only the weather would improve .
If the verb in Past Simple is to be, we use were in all the persons (subjunctive feature).
I wish/If only it were that simple!

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Conditionals

by Anabel Ponce on Apr 15, 2009

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