The document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English. First conditionals express what will happen if a present condition is met, using "if" and the present simple tense. Second conditionals refer to hypothetical, unlikely present situations using "if" and the past simple tense. Third conditionals express regret about past conditions that cannot be changed, using "if" and the past perfect tense. The document also discusses using "unless" instead of "if", the use of "were" in conditional sentences, temporary conditional sentences using time markers like "when" and "as soon as", and wish clauses expressing present, past, and future desires.

1. CONDITIONALS

2. CONDITIONAL CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE EXAMPLES
FIRST CONDITIONAL
if
+ PRESENT SIMPLE
unless
FUTURE SIMPLE
MAY/MIGHT + base form
IMPERATIVE
-If I finish early, I will go to
the cinema with you.
-You will improve your
English, if you practice it.
-If she feels worse, she
may / might stay at home.
-Ask for permission, unless
you want to be punished.
SECOND CONDITIONAL
if
+ PAST SIMPLE
unless
WOULD
+ base form
COULD/MIGHT
-If I were in London, I
would visit Picadilly Circus.
-You could /might go on
holiday, if you had money.
THIRD CONDITIONAL
if
+ PAST PERFECT
unless
WOULD HAVE
+ past participle
COULD/MIGHT HAVE
-If I had arrived on time, I
would have seen you.
-You could /might have
visited us, if you had told
me.

3. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES uses
• 1st Conditional expresses what will happen if
the condition is accomplished.
• 2nd Conditional refers to the present, but it is
hypothetical (not very likeable to happen)
• 3rd Conditional has no condition, because it
refers to the past and the hypothesis can’t be
possible anymore.

4. TAKING INTO ACCOUNT…
• We can use UNLESS (if not) and the
affirmative clause.
– If you don’t study, you won’t pass = Unless you
study, you won’t pass.
• We usually use WERE in singular person; but
we must use WERE with the pronoun I, when
giving advice.
– If I were you, I would phone her.

5. TEMPORARY SENTENCES
• They make reference to the future. They are
done with 1st conditional: pr. simple; will. We
are not using if anymore: WHEN, BY THE TIME,
AS SOON AS…
– When I get home, I’ll send you an email.
– I will travel to Australia, as soon as I have enough
money.

6. WISH CLAUSES
FORM USES EXAMPLES
WISH
+ Past Simple
IF ONLY
Refers to a present
situation that the speaker
is unhappy about
If only I had a car.
He wishes his friends were
here now.
WISH
+Past Perfect
IF ONLY
Expresses regret about a
past action or situation.
If only I hadn’t lost my
mobile phone!
I wish he had called me.
WISH + could
If only +WOULD + base
form
Expresses a desire for
something to happen in
the future.
I wish I could go to
university.
I like Jack so much. If only
he would call me!

7. WISH CLAUSES
FORM USES EXAMPLES
WISH
+ Past Simple
IF ONLY
Refers to a present
situation that the speaker
is unhappy about
If only I had a car.
He wishes his friends were
here now.
WISH
+Past Perfect
IF ONLY
Expresses regret about a
past action or situation.
If only I hadn’t lost my
mobile phone!
I wish he had called me.
WISH + could
If only +WOULD + base
form
Expresses a desire for
something to happen in
the future.
I wish I could go to
university.
I like Jack so much. If only
he would call me!