History Class XII Ch. 3 Kinship, Caste and Class (1).pptx
Emperialism And Colonialism (Ppt)
1. EMPERIALISM AND
COLONIALISM
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2. Imperialism in Asia
roots back to the late 15TH century
series of voyages - sea passage to India
establishing direct trade between Europe and
Asia in spices
16TH century: Portuguese established a
monopoly over trade between Asia and Europe
managing to prevent rival powers from using
the water routes between Europe and the
Indian Ocean
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3. DUTCH INFLUENCE
BUT, with the rise of the rival Dutch East
India Company
Portuguese influence in Asia was gradually
eclipsed
Dutch forces first established independent
bases in the East (significantly Batavia)
between 1640 and 1660 : Malacca, Ceylon,
some southern Indian ports
Later, the English and the French established
settlements in India
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4. BRITISH INFLUENCE
British eliminated French influence in India
THRU Seven Years' War in 1763
established the British East India Company as
the most important political force on the
Indian Subcontinent.
mid-to-late 19TH century: demand for oriental
goods remained the driving force behind
European imperialism
European in Asia remained confined largely to
trading stations and strategic outposts
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5. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
increased European demand for Asian raw
materials
the severe Long Depression of the 1870s
provoked a scramble for new markets for
European industrial products and financial
services in Africa, the Americas, Eastern
Europe, and especially in Asia
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6. “New Imperialism”
a new era In global colonial expansion
a shift in focus from trade and indirect rule to
formal colonial control of vast overseas
territories ruled as political extensions of their
mother countries
Between the 1870s and the beginning of
World War I in 1914: United Kingdom, France,
and the Netherlands — the established colonial
powers in Asia
added to their empires vast expanses of
territory in the Middle East, the Indian
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7. following the end of the Franco-Prussian War in
1871; Tsarist Russia; and the United States,
following the Spanish-American War in 1898
quickly emerged as new imperial powers in
East Asia and in the Pacific Ocean area.
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8. ASIA IN WORLD WAR I & II
struggles among several key imperial powers—
conflicts involving the European powers along
with Russia and the rising American and
Japanese powers.
both world wars and maintain their direct rule in
Asia
nationalist movements : led to the political
independence of nearly all of the Asia's
remaining colonies, decolonisation was
intercepted by the Cold War
South East Asia, South Asia, the Middle East,
and East Asia remained embedded in a world
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9. post-war economic
development
East Asian Tigers : The term Four Asian
Tigers or East Asian Tigers refers to the
highly industrialized economies of Hong Kong,
South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan.
People's Republic of China : commonly
known as China, is the largest country in
East Asia and the most populous in the world
with over 1.3 billion people, approximately a
fifth of the world's population
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10. RESULT
along with the collapse of the Soviet Union,
have loosened European and North American
influence in Asia
generating speculation today about the
possible re-emergence of China and Japan as
regional powers.
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11. Early European exploration of
Asia
started in ancient Roman times
Knowledge of lands as distant as China were
held by the Romans
Trade with India through the Roman Egyptian
Red Sea ports was significant in the first
centuries of the Common Era.
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12. Medieval European exploration
of Asia
13th and 14th centuries: Christian missionaries
- sought to penetrate China
Marco Polo
little permanent effect on
East-West trade: of a series
of political developments in
Asia in the last decades of
the fourteenth century,
which put an end to further European exploration
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13. Yuan dynasty in China: receptive to European
missionaries and merchants, was overthrown
new Ming rulers were found to be inward
oriented and unreceptive to foreign religious
proselytism
Turks consolidated control over the eastern
Mediterranean, closing off key overland trade
routes
15TH century, only minor trade and cultural
exchanges between Europe and Asia
continued at certain terminals controlled by
Muslim traders.
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15. new trade routes : oceanic routes between
East and West began with the unprecedented
voyages of Portuguese and Spanish sea
captains
cheaper and easier access to South and East
Asian goods
influenced by medieval European adventurers,
who had journeyed overland to the Far East
and contributed to geographical knowledge of
parts of Asia upon their return.
1488 Bartholomeu Dias: southern tip of Africa
under the sponsorship of Portugal's John II ---
swung northeast, soon finding a sea route to
India and named the tip as the
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16. 1497, Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama
made the first open voyage from Europe to
India
1520, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese
navigator in the service of Spain, found a sea
route into the Pacific Ocean
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17. Portuguese and Spanish trade
and colonisation in Asia
Portuguese monopoly over trade in the
Indian Ocean
16th century Afonso de Albuquerque
emerged as the Portuguese colonial
viceroys most instrumental in
consolidating Portugal's holdings in Africa
and in Asia
---understood that Portugal could wrest
commercial supremacy from the Arabs
only by force
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18. 1510, he seized Goa in India, which enabled
him to gradually consolidate control of most of
the commercial traffic between Europe and
Asia
Europeans started to carry on trade from forts,
acting as foreign merchants rather than as
settlers. In contrast, early European expansion
in the quot;West Indies
1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus,
involved heavy settlement in colonies that were
treated as political extensions of the mother
countries.
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