Omar, founder of Impact International, is evaluating needs in Orangi Town, Karachi to establish an in-country office. He speaks to Iqbal, a 10-year-old boy living in extreme poverty in a slum. Teams must propose a 5-year, $2 million intervention program addressing challenges like lack of clean water, sanitation, education, employment, and poverty impacting Iqbal's community. The proposal must be culturally appropriate, involve stakeholders, and have measurable objectives, strategies, and outcomes at individual and community levels.
New microsoft office power point presentation 123Zindagi Hey
Ā
This document discusses population explosion as a threat to national security in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan's population has grown rapidly from 45.9 million in 1960 to 178.9 million in 2012. This high population growth rate puts pressure on resources and can contribute to issues like poverty, unemployment, and social problems. If not addressed, an overpopulated country like Pakistan may face threats to national security and economic instability. The document advocates for family planning programs and increasing education and awareness to help control the population growth rate.
Urbanisation and its effect on people's healthRizwan S A
Ā
Urbanization is increasing globally and in India, bringing both opportunities and health challenges. Unplanned urban growth can degrade the environment and strain resources. This leads to overcrowding, poor sanitation and hygiene, increased communicable and non-communicable diseases, and health inequities. The urban poor face particular health risks due to lack of access to services and living conditions in slums. India has launched initiatives like the National Urban Health Mission to address these issues through improved infrastructure, service delivery, and community participation in urban health systems. Coordinated efforts are needed across sectors and levels of government to build healthy, inclusive and resilient cities.
The document summarizes a study on the impact of the 2013 floods in Uttarakhand, India, with a focus on how it differently impacted women and men. Key findings include:
- Women were disproportionately impacted due to existing gender inequalities that limit their access to assets and ability to recover from disasters.
- Villages near the Kedarnath shrine and Mandakini River suffered the most deaths, destroyed homes, and lost farmland. Many families depended on pilgrimages and tourism for income.
- While emergency relief was adequate, long-term impacts on women will be greater as they are primary caregivers and many were widowed with lost livelihoods.
An Investigation into the Status of Riverbank (Char) Women Dwellers in Bangla...AI Publications
Ā
The study was undertaken to determine the status of rural women in terms of their social, economic and financial access to decision making and livelihood. It was conduct on January to February 2016. The data was collected by using an interview schedule from 60 women of Chinirpotol village of Saghata Upazila under Gaibandha District of Bangladesh in January to February 2017. It revealed that majority (51.67%) women can only sign but constituted economically active. It was found that they were actively participated in the household activities and their agricultural farming activities. It was also found that women played a significant role in the management of family affairs but a little participation in decision making because the male member was the head of a family and responsible for taking major decisions of the household. This study observed that a mentionable portion (88.33%) of the women was involved with non-government organizations (NGOs). The findings suggest that freedom for decision making, opportunities for active contribution and accessibility to income generating activities along with social awareness about their rights are necessary for improvement of the status of women.
The document discusses urbanization and its effects on health. It summarizes several articles on the topic and provides perspectives from authors. Some key points are: (1) urbanization is driven by factors like job opportunities and access to services, but can strain infrastructure and increase inequality, (2) child health is often better in urban versus rural areas due to lower malnutrition and higher vaccination rates in cities, and (3) non-communicable diseases are rising in low- and middle-income countries due to diet and lifestyle changes from urbanization. The document concludes there are health threats from urbanization but also benefits from improved access to services in cities.
This document contains information from Pranab Chatterjee, a senior research associate at the Public Health Foundation of India, about the impact of urbanization on infectious diseases. It discusses how factors like population growth, globalization, climate change, and overcrowding associated with increasing urbanization can encourage the spread of infectious diseases. Specifically, it provides examples of how urban settings can increase the transmission of diseases spread through water, sanitation, vectors, and respiratory routes. The document also explores the relationship between urbanization and the transmission of tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, dengue, and other diseases.
Accidental Mortality in India: Statistical Models for Forecastinginventionjournals
Ā
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document summarizes various activities and initiatives of the Galilee Society, a leading Arab non-governmental organization in Israel. It discusses the establishment of an emergency hotline to assist Palestinians during the Iraq war, litigation efforts to protect the environment in Arab communities, the launch of an online database of socioeconomic data on Palestinians in Israel, and upcoming events involving the organization's leadership. It also profiles international volunteers supporting the Galilee Society's work.
New microsoft office power point presentation 123Zindagi Hey
Ā
This document discusses population explosion as a threat to national security in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan's population has grown rapidly from 45.9 million in 1960 to 178.9 million in 2012. This high population growth rate puts pressure on resources and can contribute to issues like poverty, unemployment, and social problems. If not addressed, an overpopulated country like Pakistan may face threats to national security and economic instability. The document advocates for family planning programs and increasing education and awareness to help control the population growth rate.
Urbanisation and its effect on people's healthRizwan S A
Ā
Urbanization is increasing globally and in India, bringing both opportunities and health challenges. Unplanned urban growth can degrade the environment and strain resources. This leads to overcrowding, poor sanitation and hygiene, increased communicable and non-communicable diseases, and health inequities. The urban poor face particular health risks due to lack of access to services and living conditions in slums. India has launched initiatives like the National Urban Health Mission to address these issues through improved infrastructure, service delivery, and community participation in urban health systems. Coordinated efforts are needed across sectors and levels of government to build healthy, inclusive and resilient cities.
The document summarizes a study on the impact of the 2013 floods in Uttarakhand, India, with a focus on how it differently impacted women and men. Key findings include:
- Women were disproportionately impacted due to existing gender inequalities that limit their access to assets and ability to recover from disasters.
- Villages near the Kedarnath shrine and Mandakini River suffered the most deaths, destroyed homes, and lost farmland. Many families depended on pilgrimages and tourism for income.
- While emergency relief was adequate, long-term impacts on women will be greater as they are primary caregivers and many were widowed with lost livelihoods.
An Investigation into the Status of Riverbank (Char) Women Dwellers in Bangla...AI Publications
Ā
The study was undertaken to determine the status of rural women in terms of their social, economic and financial access to decision making and livelihood. It was conduct on January to February 2016. The data was collected by using an interview schedule from 60 women of Chinirpotol village of Saghata Upazila under Gaibandha District of Bangladesh in January to February 2017. It revealed that majority (51.67%) women can only sign but constituted economically active. It was found that they were actively participated in the household activities and their agricultural farming activities. It was also found that women played a significant role in the management of family affairs but a little participation in decision making because the male member was the head of a family and responsible for taking major decisions of the household. This study observed that a mentionable portion (88.33%) of the women was involved with non-government organizations (NGOs). The findings suggest that freedom for decision making, opportunities for active contribution and accessibility to income generating activities along with social awareness about their rights are necessary for improvement of the status of women.
The document discusses urbanization and its effects on health. It summarizes several articles on the topic and provides perspectives from authors. Some key points are: (1) urbanization is driven by factors like job opportunities and access to services, but can strain infrastructure and increase inequality, (2) child health is often better in urban versus rural areas due to lower malnutrition and higher vaccination rates in cities, and (3) non-communicable diseases are rising in low- and middle-income countries due to diet and lifestyle changes from urbanization. The document concludes there are health threats from urbanization but also benefits from improved access to services in cities.
This document contains information from Pranab Chatterjee, a senior research associate at the Public Health Foundation of India, about the impact of urbanization on infectious diseases. It discusses how factors like population growth, globalization, climate change, and overcrowding associated with increasing urbanization can encourage the spread of infectious diseases. Specifically, it provides examples of how urban settings can increase the transmission of diseases spread through water, sanitation, vectors, and respiratory routes. The document also explores the relationship between urbanization and the transmission of tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, dengue, and other diseases.
Accidental Mortality in India: Statistical Models for Forecastinginventionjournals
Ā
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document summarizes various activities and initiatives of the Galilee Society, a leading Arab non-governmental organization in Israel. It discusses the establishment of an emergency hotline to assist Palestinians during the Iraq war, litigation efforts to protect the environment in Arab communities, the launch of an online database of socioeconomic data on Palestinians in Israel, and upcoming events involving the organization's leadership. It also profiles international volunteers supporting the Galilee Society's work.
This document summarizes a policy brief on internal migration in India published by UNESCO and UNICEF. It finds that internal migration plays a major role in India's economy but migrants face many challenges. There is a lack of data and policies to protect migrants, who often work in poor conditions without access to basic services. It calls for developing a coherent policy framework to facilitate safe migration and ensure migrants' inclusion and access to rights and services. This would help realize the potential benefits of migration for both migrants and society while reducing its costs.
The document summarizes a presentation on defining poverty in India. It argues that India's official poverty line, which defines poverty based only on caloric intake, is inadequate as it does not account for other basic needs. A more comprehensive definition is proposed that incorporates the costs of nutritious food, healthcare, water, shelter, and other factors to more accurately measure poverty in India. Key environmental impacts of population growth in India and the US are compared using Stella and Excel models, showing increases in issues like deforestation, water stress and pollution from larger populations.
Indiaās on its way to being the worldās most populous country. The current population contributes to 17% of the global population.
According to the final report of the National Commission on Population (NCP) on population projections dated July 2020, Indiaās population is expected to grow by 25% (reference to 2011), to 1.52 billion by 2036.
1) Nepal has high rates of poverty and sex trafficking due to its unstable government and poor economy. Many young Nepali girls are sold into sex work after being promised jobs, money or marriage.
2) Traffickers target vulnerable girls from rural communities and transport them to cities in India or Nepal, where they are sold or auctioned. Younger girls and virgins fetch higher prices.
3) NGOs in Nepal work to prevent trafficking through education and border monitoring, rescue victims, and rehabilitate them through counseling, education, and job training. However, poverty, lack of education, gender roles, and demand continue enabling trafficking.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Addressing Challenges of Equitable Health, Nutrition and Well-being in Rapidl...siddharthagarwal9050
Ā
This presentation was delivered as a Public Health Lecture at the request of National Institute of Health and Family Welfare and National Health Systems Resource Centre, at NIHW Auditorium, Munirka, New Delhi
A synthesis of the presentations and discussions at the National Workshop on Migration and Global Environmental Change in India, organized by UNESCO in March 2014
Educational conditions of climate migrants: A Study on Slum Children in Dhaka...Karisma Amjad
Ā
Attended āNational Conference on Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Bangladesh: Educational Responses, Challenges and Possibilitiesā, 31 March-1 April 2018 presented research paper on āEducational Condition of Climate Migrants: A Study on Slum Children in Dhaka Cityā. IER, University of Dhaka Bangladesh.
The Global Development Lecture Series brings together scholars involved in cutting edge research on international development. It aims to facilitate dialogue and discussion, providing a space for leading development thinkers to share their latest research ideas with Manchester's staff and students.
The document discusses the major public health problems faced in Mumbai, India. It outlines that rapid urbanization has led to overcrowding and the rise of slums with poor access to infrastructure. This has caused issues like water pollution, air pollution, and the spread of diseases. The top diseases in Mumbai are malaria, dengue, diarrhea, typhoid, hypertension, tuberculosis, diabetes, hepatitis, and HIV. The government and NGOs are working to improve healthcare access and infrastructure like waste management, but they are overwhelmed by the scale of Mumbai's population growth and associated health issues. Proper urban planning and architecture could help mitigate some of the environmental factors driving disease.
Migration Report of Jharkhand
Migration and urbanization are two important inter-related phenomena of economic development. If channelized properly, it has the potential of societal transformation. Otherwise, it can be not only counter-productive for the societal harmony but also disastrous for the long term economic development. The historical experiences have proved that process of migration is unstoppable in modern times. The migrant workers are key force behind rising contribution of urban conglomerations to Indiaās GDP. Migrants are indispensable but mostly invisible key actors in citiesā development. Rural migrants in urban spaces are socially mobile, culturally flexible and economically aspiring people. Migrants are an important component of social dynamism and material development of the society. They can also be tools of cultural amalgamation and innovation. Yet, they are most vulnerable to economic exploitation and social stereotyping.
The contribution of migrants to the GDP of the country goes unnoticed. It is estimated that the migrants contribute no less than 10% to the countryās GDP.1 Many other positive as well as potential impact through the migration process remains unrecognized. According to Census 2001, in India, internal migrants account for as large as 309 million, which was about 28% of the then total population. More recent numbers, as revealed by NSSO (2007-08), show that there are about 326 million internal migrants in India, i.e. nearly 30% of the total population. Almost 70% of all the migrants are women, the fact often forgotten and lost in the data on migration.
1. The document discusses the work of Water Mother, an organization founded in Myanmar in 2012 to empower women's leadership in water governance and sustainable development.
2. It describes two case studies where Water Mother worked with villages to address water issues - helping one village negotiate better irrigation water sharing, and helping another replace contaminated groundwater with restored freshwater creeks and rainwater harvesting.
3. By empowering women at the local level and building partnerships between communities, local governments, and national policies, Water Mother aims to fill gaps and synchronize water reforms in Myanmar as the country transitions to democracy.
Exploring Rural-Urban Dynamics: A Study of Inter-State Migrants in GurgaonSLDIndia
Ā
Exploring Rural-Urban Dynamics: A Study of Inter-State Migrants in Gurgaon
In the light of onāgoing structural changes in India and consequently changing contours of the rural economy, the nature and pattern of migration has been changing over time. During the last two decades, there has been a general change in the destination of migration from ruralārural to ruralāurban. However, the intensity of migration is generally reported to be low in India due to the conventional approach of defining migration.
Planning for the poor in the destination cities is conspicuous by its absence. As the mindāset of the urban planners is to treat migrants as outsiders and a burden on the existing civic infrastructure, they get excluded from most urban planning processes and mechanisms, compounding the problems that they are already plagued with.
InterāState Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979 was promulgated for the purpose of regulation of the service condition of the migrant workers, but in status today, it is an ineffective piece of legislation. In todayās scenario, there is an urgent need to revisit the debate on legislation for the welfare of migrant workers.
Building Inclusive Cities: Planning Tools that promote the Right to the CityWellesley Institute
Ā
This presentation looks at the ways in which cities can be inclusive and examines interesting projects happening around the globe.
Carolyn Whitzman, Professor of Urban Planning
University of Melbourne
lysis of The Factors Responsible for Occupational Mobility from Agriculture t...inventionjournals
Ā
The tribal people are relatively isolates, encysted, tradition bound, inward looking and less enterprising. During the post independence period, they have been experiencing induced social change through planned development and interventions. But in spite of such endeavor, the rate of progress and development are not commensurate with the expectations. Majority of cultivators use land in only in kharif season and migrated to other places for alternative occupation like brickwork, construction work and industrial purposes in lean period. Even if they do not hesitate to leave their house including all other resources and migrated to other districts and continue to work as labourer for the rest period of their life. Due to lack of sufficient scope for livelihood and deterioration of natural resources on which the tribal people depend much for their hereditary occupation, they migrate to other occupation or other places in search of job. Pitrim Sorokin (1927) defined social mobility as āany transition of an individual or social object or value, anything that has been created or modified by human activity, from one social position to anotherā. The mobility of the tribal people mainly depends on the availability of work/job, job satisfaction, relative economic advantage etc. The present study has been carried out with the objectives of to study the modalities of the occupational mobility from the agriculture to non-agricultural activities along with the factors responsible for such mobility.The study was conducted in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha purposefully in which the tribals occupy 58.72 % of the total population. Four blocks were selected randomly each one from four sub divisions. Fifteen tribal people were selected from each village as respondents randomly from twelve villages three from each block totaling to sample size of 180. The finding from the study implies that 86.11 percent respondents were going outside their locality for their occupation. The table indicates that majority of the respondents (63.88 %) were moving within their own locality regularly whereas 40% of the respondents were moving within their block. It was observed that majority of respondents (84.44 percent) were always moving for other occupation during the period of April to June. It was observed that 48.88 percent respondents regularly visited outside after harvest of own crop. It was also observed that mobility of the respondents according to their occupation was highest in case of agricultural labourer (53.88 %) followed by labour in construction work. In the study majority of the respondents opined that to get more income was the main factor responsible for change in occupation followed by skill developed, government developmental schemes, communication facility, infrastructural development, change in life style, educational support, social status, change in climate, extension/technical support, marketability, input support, credit support and political influence.
1. Scene.
2. Demographic Transition Theory.
3. Demographic Transition in India.
4. Understanding Indiaās Demographic Transition.
5. Demographic Dividend.
6. Opportunities for India caused by the Demographic Dividend.
7. Challenges faced by India.
8. State-wise trends in the Demographic Transition.
9. Results in terms of Statistics.
10. Indiaās Demographic Conclusion.
11. Bibliography
Migration and Agricultural Production: Analysis of Farming Communities of Lam...BRNSS Publication Hub
Ā
123 household from Madhya Nepal Municipality of Lamjung District was selected to study socioeconomic
trend of the remittance-receiving households and the effect of international labor migration in agricultural
activities management. Purposive snowball sampling technique and semi-structured questionnaires were
used. The study showed that majority of household heads were male (61%) and female (39%), were
involved in agriculture occupation. Migration is the major source of income followed by agriculture.
The main destination of migrant was gulf country, i.e., 81% followed by India (16%) and 3% were in
developed countries such as the UK and the USA. Major affected factor by migration was found to
be agriculture labor shortage (32%). Correlation showed that there is negative and significant relation
between migration and labor used (ā0.216*) and change in cropping pattern (ā0.275**). It implies that
migration leads to labor shortage which leads to change in cropping pattern.
WORLD SURVEY ON THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT 2014 GENDER EQUALITY AND SUS...Lausanne Montreux Congress
Ā
The immense social, economic and environmental consequences of climate change
and loss of essential ecosystems are becoming clear. Their effects are already being felt in floods, droughts, and devastated landscapes and livelihoods. Among those most affected are women and girls, given the precariousness of their livelihoods, the burden of securing shelter, food, water and fuel that largely falls on them, and the constraints on their access to land and natural resources. As the global community grapples with the challenges of sustainable development and the definition of the Sustainable Development Goals, the World Survey on the Role of Women in Development 2014 asserts the central role of gender equality. It charts the rationale and actions necessary to achieve sustainable development.
World Health Day celebrated at various hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan by the collaboration of W. Woodward Pak (Pvt) Ltd & World Health Organization to support "Urbanization and healthy living".
Urbanization transforms family structures, demographics, work, and living situations. It modifies domestic roles and social relationships within families while redefining concepts of individual and social responsibility. Urban populations, especially the poor, face high risks of infections and chronic diseases due to issues like lack of access to education, electricity, water, sanitation, overcrowded housing, and pollution.
This document summarizes a policy brief on internal migration in India published by UNESCO and UNICEF. It finds that internal migration plays a major role in India's economy but migrants face many challenges. There is a lack of data and policies to protect migrants, who often work in poor conditions without access to basic services. It calls for developing a coherent policy framework to facilitate safe migration and ensure migrants' inclusion and access to rights and services. This would help realize the potential benefits of migration for both migrants and society while reducing its costs.
The document summarizes a presentation on defining poverty in India. It argues that India's official poverty line, which defines poverty based only on caloric intake, is inadequate as it does not account for other basic needs. A more comprehensive definition is proposed that incorporates the costs of nutritious food, healthcare, water, shelter, and other factors to more accurately measure poverty in India. Key environmental impacts of population growth in India and the US are compared using Stella and Excel models, showing increases in issues like deforestation, water stress and pollution from larger populations.
Indiaās on its way to being the worldās most populous country. The current population contributes to 17% of the global population.
According to the final report of the National Commission on Population (NCP) on population projections dated July 2020, Indiaās population is expected to grow by 25% (reference to 2011), to 1.52 billion by 2036.
1) Nepal has high rates of poverty and sex trafficking due to its unstable government and poor economy. Many young Nepali girls are sold into sex work after being promised jobs, money or marriage.
2) Traffickers target vulnerable girls from rural communities and transport them to cities in India or Nepal, where they are sold or auctioned. Younger girls and virgins fetch higher prices.
3) NGOs in Nepal work to prevent trafficking through education and border monitoring, rescue victims, and rehabilitate them through counseling, education, and job training. However, poverty, lack of education, gender roles, and demand continue enabling trafficking.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Addressing Challenges of Equitable Health, Nutrition and Well-being in Rapidl...siddharthagarwal9050
Ā
This presentation was delivered as a Public Health Lecture at the request of National Institute of Health and Family Welfare and National Health Systems Resource Centre, at NIHW Auditorium, Munirka, New Delhi
A synthesis of the presentations and discussions at the National Workshop on Migration and Global Environmental Change in India, organized by UNESCO in March 2014
Educational conditions of climate migrants: A Study on Slum Children in Dhaka...Karisma Amjad
Ā
Attended āNational Conference on Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Bangladesh: Educational Responses, Challenges and Possibilitiesā, 31 March-1 April 2018 presented research paper on āEducational Condition of Climate Migrants: A Study on Slum Children in Dhaka Cityā. IER, University of Dhaka Bangladesh.
The Global Development Lecture Series brings together scholars involved in cutting edge research on international development. It aims to facilitate dialogue and discussion, providing a space for leading development thinkers to share their latest research ideas with Manchester's staff and students.
The document discusses the major public health problems faced in Mumbai, India. It outlines that rapid urbanization has led to overcrowding and the rise of slums with poor access to infrastructure. This has caused issues like water pollution, air pollution, and the spread of diseases. The top diseases in Mumbai are malaria, dengue, diarrhea, typhoid, hypertension, tuberculosis, diabetes, hepatitis, and HIV. The government and NGOs are working to improve healthcare access and infrastructure like waste management, but they are overwhelmed by the scale of Mumbai's population growth and associated health issues. Proper urban planning and architecture could help mitigate some of the environmental factors driving disease.
Migration Report of Jharkhand
Migration and urbanization are two important inter-related phenomena of economic development. If channelized properly, it has the potential of societal transformation. Otherwise, it can be not only counter-productive for the societal harmony but also disastrous for the long term economic development. The historical experiences have proved that process of migration is unstoppable in modern times. The migrant workers are key force behind rising contribution of urban conglomerations to Indiaās GDP. Migrants are indispensable but mostly invisible key actors in citiesā development. Rural migrants in urban spaces are socially mobile, culturally flexible and economically aspiring people. Migrants are an important component of social dynamism and material development of the society. They can also be tools of cultural amalgamation and innovation. Yet, they are most vulnerable to economic exploitation and social stereotyping.
The contribution of migrants to the GDP of the country goes unnoticed. It is estimated that the migrants contribute no less than 10% to the countryās GDP.1 Many other positive as well as potential impact through the migration process remains unrecognized. According to Census 2001, in India, internal migrants account for as large as 309 million, which was about 28% of the then total population. More recent numbers, as revealed by NSSO (2007-08), show that there are about 326 million internal migrants in India, i.e. nearly 30% of the total population. Almost 70% of all the migrants are women, the fact often forgotten and lost in the data on migration.
1. The document discusses the work of Water Mother, an organization founded in Myanmar in 2012 to empower women's leadership in water governance and sustainable development.
2. It describes two case studies where Water Mother worked with villages to address water issues - helping one village negotiate better irrigation water sharing, and helping another replace contaminated groundwater with restored freshwater creeks and rainwater harvesting.
3. By empowering women at the local level and building partnerships between communities, local governments, and national policies, Water Mother aims to fill gaps and synchronize water reforms in Myanmar as the country transitions to democracy.
Exploring Rural-Urban Dynamics: A Study of Inter-State Migrants in GurgaonSLDIndia
Ā
Exploring Rural-Urban Dynamics: A Study of Inter-State Migrants in Gurgaon
In the light of onāgoing structural changes in India and consequently changing contours of the rural economy, the nature and pattern of migration has been changing over time. During the last two decades, there has been a general change in the destination of migration from ruralārural to ruralāurban. However, the intensity of migration is generally reported to be low in India due to the conventional approach of defining migration.
Planning for the poor in the destination cities is conspicuous by its absence. As the mindāset of the urban planners is to treat migrants as outsiders and a burden on the existing civic infrastructure, they get excluded from most urban planning processes and mechanisms, compounding the problems that they are already plagued with.
InterāState Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979 was promulgated for the purpose of regulation of the service condition of the migrant workers, but in status today, it is an ineffective piece of legislation. In todayās scenario, there is an urgent need to revisit the debate on legislation for the welfare of migrant workers.
Building Inclusive Cities: Planning Tools that promote the Right to the CityWellesley Institute
Ā
This presentation looks at the ways in which cities can be inclusive and examines interesting projects happening around the globe.
Carolyn Whitzman, Professor of Urban Planning
University of Melbourne
lysis of The Factors Responsible for Occupational Mobility from Agriculture t...inventionjournals
Ā
The tribal people are relatively isolates, encysted, tradition bound, inward looking and less enterprising. During the post independence period, they have been experiencing induced social change through planned development and interventions. But in spite of such endeavor, the rate of progress and development are not commensurate with the expectations. Majority of cultivators use land in only in kharif season and migrated to other places for alternative occupation like brickwork, construction work and industrial purposes in lean period. Even if they do not hesitate to leave their house including all other resources and migrated to other districts and continue to work as labourer for the rest period of their life. Due to lack of sufficient scope for livelihood and deterioration of natural resources on which the tribal people depend much for their hereditary occupation, they migrate to other occupation or other places in search of job. Pitrim Sorokin (1927) defined social mobility as āany transition of an individual or social object or value, anything that has been created or modified by human activity, from one social position to anotherā. The mobility of the tribal people mainly depends on the availability of work/job, job satisfaction, relative economic advantage etc. The present study has been carried out with the objectives of to study the modalities of the occupational mobility from the agriculture to non-agricultural activities along with the factors responsible for such mobility.The study was conducted in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha purposefully in which the tribals occupy 58.72 % of the total population. Four blocks were selected randomly each one from four sub divisions. Fifteen tribal people were selected from each village as respondents randomly from twelve villages three from each block totaling to sample size of 180. The finding from the study implies that 86.11 percent respondents were going outside their locality for their occupation. The table indicates that majority of the respondents (63.88 %) were moving within their own locality regularly whereas 40% of the respondents were moving within their block. It was observed that majority of respondents (84.44 percent) were always moving for other occupation during the period of April to June. It was observed that 48.88 percent respondents regularly visited outside after harvest of own crop. It was also observed that mobility of the respondents according to their occupation was highest in case of agricultural labourer (53.88 %) followed by labour in construction work. In the study majority of the respondents opined that to get more income was the main factor responsible for change in occupation followed by skill developed, government developmental schemes, communication facility, infrastructural development, change in life style, educational support, social status, change in climate, extension/technical support, marketability, input support, credit support and political influence.
1. Scene.
2. Demographic Transition Theory.
3. Demographic Transition in India.
4. Understanding Indiaās Demographic Transition.
5. Demographic Dividend.
6. Opportunities for India caused by the Demographic Dividend.
7. Challenges faced by India.
8. State-wise trends in the Demographic Transition.
9. Results in terms of Statistics.
10. Indiaās Demographic Conclusion.
11. Bibliography
Migration and Agricultural Production: Analysis of Farming Communities of Lam...BRNSS Publication Hub
Ā
123 household from Madhya Nepal Municipality of Lamjung District was selected to study socioeconomic
trend of the remittance-receiving households and the effect of international labor migration in agricultural
activities management. Purposive snowball sampling technique and semi-structured questionnaires were
used. The study showed that majority of household heads were male (61%) and female (39%), were
involved in agriculture occupation. Migration is the major source of income followed by agriculture.
The main destination of migrant was gulf country, i.e., 81% followed by India (16%) and 3% were in
developed countries such as the UK and the USA. Major affected factor by migration was found to
be agriculture labor shortage (32%). Correlation showed that there is negative and significant relation
between migration and labor used (ā0.216*) and change in cropping pattern (ā0.275**). It implies that
migration leads to labor shortage which leads to change in cropping pattern.
WORLD SURVEY ON THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT 2014 GENDER EQUALITY AND SUS...Lausanne Montreux Congress
Ā
The immense social, economic and environmental consequences of climate change
and loss of essential ecosystems are becoming clear. Their effects are already being felt in floods, droughts, and devastated landscapes and livelihoods. Among those most affected are women and girls, given the precariousness of their livelihoods, the burden of securing shelter, food, water and fuel that largely falls on them, and the constraints on their access to land and natural resources. As the global community grapples with the challenges of sustainable development and the definition of the Sustainable Development Goals, the World Survey on the Role of Women in Development 2014 asserts the central role of gender equality. It charts the rationale and actions necessary to achieve sustainable development.
World Health Day celebrated at various hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan by the collaboration of W. Woodward Pak (Pvt) Ltd & World Health Organization to support "Urbanization and healthy living".
Urbanization transforms family structures, demographics, work, and living situations. It modifies domestic roles and social relationships within families while redefining concepts of individual and social responsibility. Urban populations, especially the poor, face high risks of infections and chronic diseases due to issues like lack of access to education, electricity, water, sanitation, overcrowded housing, and pollution.
Open Defecation and Poor Sanitation Condition a Serious Menace to Human Healt...ijtsrd
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Open defection is the practice of people defecting outside and not into a designated toilet. In rural India the open defection practices is the way of life. According to 2011 Census of India, 53.12 Per cent of the rural household did not use any kind of toilet. Human excreta are the principal source of over 50 types of infections and causes almost 80 per cent of human diseases. The main objectives of this research paper is to know the health related problems of open defecators people and what are the major causes to such practices. Malda district of West Bengal has been selected as a study area, which is the gateway of North Bengal. The study is based on primary and secondary sources of data. The study reveals that the practice of open defection poses serious health risk to the rural peoples of Malda district of West Bengal. It is evident from the study that Diarrhea Dysentary is the highest prone disease 36.67 per cent and Cholera is the lowest diseases 1.00 per cent among the peoples caused by open defection especially 0 5 years children . The study also provoked that, the major causes of open defection in the study area are unwillingness to discontinue the personal habits of open defection that is 41.67 per cent and attitude of the people like construct a toilet in home brings impurity and unhygienic etc. The Central and state government has enforced many schemes like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Nirmal Bangla Abhiyan, Clean India Mission for Open Defection Free ODF but these schemes are fruitful in the study area. Dr. Mohammad Taufique | Naved Ansari | Md Areful Hoque "Open Defecation and Poor Sanitation Condition a Serious Menace to Human Health and Dignity: A Micro Level Analysis of Indian Villages" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30702.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/30702/open-defecation-and-poor-sanitation-condition-a-serious-menace-to-human-health-and-dignity-a-micro-level-analysis-of-indian-villages/dr-mohammad-taufique
The document discusses population growth and its impacts in India. It notes that India currently has over 1.3 billion people and is projected to surpass China as the world's most populous country by 2024. Rapid population growth is straining resources and creating issues like unemployment, food and housing shortages, pollution, and displacement from climate change impacts. Solutions proposed to control population growth include increasing access to education and healthcare, promoting family planning, raising the status of women, and improving living standards through employment opportunities and economic development.
Intra State Migration, Migrants and their Socio Economic Condition A Case Stu...ijtsrd
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Migration is the process of involvement of people to move from the area of deficit in the case of opportunities, to the area of surplus in order to achieve the livelihood. The present study is carried out in Qila Ka Nagla, Aligarh, India, where the problem of migration is usually related to the poverty and unemployment. Because, the country like India is underdeveloped whose economy is primarily based on agriculture to support the 58.5 percent people and share the 17.14 percent in the Indiaās GDP and 68.31 percent people of the country are still rural resident. Thus, migration is the only way for them to survival. Therefore, the intra state migration study has carried out with the help of primary survey conducted through questionnaire to focused on the socio economic condition of migrants including pattern of migration, educational status, health condition, economic status and family size of the migrants etc. The inferences draw on the basis of data collected through the primary survey to show that, the economic well being of the migrants is very versed and the number of migrants has significantly increased with the passage of time caused by the unemployment and poverty, emerged by the unequal distribution of land among the migrants, illiteracy and lack of amenities and facilities. Dr. Mohammad Danish | Dr. Tariq Mahmood Usmani "Intra-State Migration, Migrants and their Socio-Economic Condition: A Case Study in Qila Ka Nagla, Aligarh District- Uttar Pradesh, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61280.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/61280/intrastate-migration-migrants-and-their-socioeconomic-condition-a-case-study-in-qila-ka-nagla-aligarh-district-uttar-pradesh-india/dr-mohammad-danish
The document discusses the importance of access to safe drinking water and sanitation for health. It notes that lack of access to clean water and sanitation is a major cause of diseases and mortality in developing countries like India. While India has made progress in improving access to water and sanitation over the decades, major challenges still remain. Nearly 800 million people in India still lack access to improved sanitation facilities as of 2012. Addressing issues like open defecation, water contamination, and ensuring access to sanitation for all remains a priority.
Paper 3 healthcare status in chittagong city revised 28 janMohammad Haider
Ā
The document discusses the healthcare status and challenges faced by urban poor populations in Chittagong City, Bangladesh. It finds that overall healthcare access is moderate to very poor, especially in Sandwip Colony, due to a lack of public healthcare services and facilities like community hospitals and clinics. Establishing more accessible community healthcare facilities that provide free treatment and specialist doctors could help address issues around maternal, child, and general healthcare access for the urban poor. Further policy reforms and structural improvements are still needed to strengthen urban poor populations' access to essential healthcare services in Chittagong City.
Prospects and challanges of population management in bangladeshMd. Nazmul Alam
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This document discusses population trends in Bangladesh and strategies for population management. It notes that Bangladesh has a population of over 158 million people, with high population densities concentrated in urban areas like Dhaka. To manage growth, it recommends improving access to family planning, promoting responsible parenthood, preventing early marriage, increasing education and employment opportunities for youth, and decentralizing industries and administrative centers. The overall goal is to achieve a sustainable population level through an integrated population management program.
what major challenges are faced by our country in different fieldkingshah12
Ā
The document discusses major challenges facing Pakistan's rapid urbanization, including poor housing quality and affordability, water and sanitation issues, lack of public transportation systems, and declining enrollment in public schools. It notes that while cities have higher standards of living, services are struggling to keep up with population growth. Solutions will require coordinated efforts across government, organizations, and other stakeholders.
Challanges faced by urban Population and its surveillance to research.Rupa Verma
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1) The document discusses urban Indian challenges related to surveillance and research. It provides statistics on rapid urbanization in India and the associated problems of slums, pollution, diseases, etc.
2) It discusses the role of surveillance in tracking diseases and outbreaks. Surveillance helps guide public health actions and policies while also stimulating further research.
3) The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the importance of robust disease surveillance systems for monitoring case burdens, outbreaks, and evaluating control measures. Surveillance and research activities are interlinked and help address health challenges posed by urbanization.
Urban health issues role of government.Dr Chetan C P
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Discussion about urban health issues. Why health cannot be addressed in isolation. Trend of health care financing in India. The potential of technology leverage to address access and finally looking at financing solutions to achieve SDG'd.
Availability of Sanitation Facilities in Informal Settlements of Enugu Munici...ijtsrd
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This study aimed to determine the availability of sanitation facilities in informal settlements in Enugu Municipality, Nigeria. A survey was conducted using a questionnaire with 200 residents of informal settlements. The findings showed that pit latrine with slab was the most available sanitation facility, with 86.5% of respondents reporting its availability. Other facilities like pit latrine without slab and bucket/hanging latrines were found to be largely unavailable. The study concluded that while some sanitation facilities exist, the overall availability is insufficient to meet the needs of residents in the informal settlements. It was recommended that the government should provide more facilities to address gaps and improve sanitation conditions.
This document discusses Washington state's prominence in international development and global issues. It notes that Washington has the most trade dependent economy in the US, with many globally-minded residents and organizations working on issues around the world. It then discusses some of the major global challenges in areas like education, health, economic opportunity and the environment. The document concludes by providing examples of work being done by Washington-based organizations to address these challenges in countries around the world.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document discusses issues related to adolescents and youth populations around the world. It notes that over 1.2 billion people are between the ages of 10-19, and highlights challenges they face including lack of access to education, child marriage, and sexual and reproductive health risks. The document calls for supporting adolescents by investing in their well-being, empowering them, and ensuring their rights are upheld.
The document discusses issues related to adolescents and youth populations around the world. It notes that over 1.2 billion people are between the ages of 10-19, and highlights challenges they face including lack of access to education, child marriage, and sexual and reproductive health risks. The document calls for supporting adolescents by investing in their well-being, empowering them, and ensuring their rights are upheld.
This document provides an overview of sanitation issues around the world and in India specifically. Some key points:
- Globally, 61% of people had access to basic sanitation in 2008, while 40% lacked access to improved sanitation facilities. Inadequate sanitation increases disease incidence.
- In rural India, open defecation is common and poses health risks. Diarrhea is a major killer of children under 5. Lack of sanitation also impacts education and economic productivity.
- Urban India faces challenges of sanitation access in slums and safe disposal of human waste. Programs like Nirmal Shahar Puraskar aim to recognize best practices in urban sanitation.
http://www.mm.undp.org/content/myanmar/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
Our focus
Poverty Reduction & Local Governance
Democratic Governance
Environment, Climate Change & Disaster Risk Reduction
About UNDP in Myanmar
UNDP has been providing development assistance to the people of Myanmar since the 1950s. UNDP operated under a restricted mandate from 1993 until 2012 implementing the Human Development Initiative programme which provided assistance directly to communities and individuals for improving their lives and livelihoods. Through the fully-fledged 2013-2015 country programme (extended to 2017), developed in partnership with the Myanmar Government, UNDP aims to help Myanmar manage a ātriple transitionā: nation-building, including securing a sustainable peace with ethnic minorities; state-building, or democratizing and modernizing state institutions; and economic liberalization, moving the country from a closed, command economy to an open and transparent market.
The Standard Basic Assistance Agreement signed between the Government of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and UNDP on September 17, 1987, governs UNDPās assistance to the country and provides a legal framework for the implementation of the country programme
1) Over 1 billion people worldwide practice open defecation, including 626 million Indians. Only 35% of Indian households have access to improved toilets.
2) Open defecation has severe negative health and economic impacts for India, including increased infant deaths, undernutrition, stunting, and diseases. It costs India an estimated Rs. 2,70,000 crores annually in economic losses.
3) Addressing open defecation through improved sanitation access and programs like Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan is critical for public health and development in India. However, implementation of existing programs requires strengthening to effectively combat the massive problem.
The document provides information about pilot project funding opportunities through the UAB Sparkman Center for Global Health. It outlines the mission of the Sparkman Center in supporting global health education, research, and training. For 2021, the Sparkman Center will fund 1-2 pilot projects up to $20,000 each that align with its mission. The timeline and application process involve submitting a 2-page concept proposal in February and full applications by invitation in May. Key review criteria include scientific and global health impact, significance, investigators' qualifications, innovation, approach, and environment. The goal is to support projects that build research capacity and involve junior faculty and international partners.
The Sparkman Center at UAB provides pilot funding of up to $20,000 for one year research projects that promote health in less developed countries. Eligible projects must have a research component and align with the Sparkman Center's mission. Applications will be evaluated based on scientific impact, team qualifications, significance, innovation, and approach. Successful applicants will be expected to present their work and mentor students as Sparkman Scholars. Funding recipients must submit progress reports and publications/presentations must acknowledge the Sparkman Center's support.
This document appears to be a grant application that includes:
1) Information about the program director and institution applying for the grant.
2) A detailed budget proposal for the initial funding period, including personnel costs, equipment, supplies, travel, and other expenses.
3) A research plan section with specific aims, significance, innovation, and approach subsections.
4) References cited and bibliography sections.
5) A description of the research environment and details about human subjects protection if applicable.
6) Biographical sketches of key personnel involved in the research.
7) Letters of support from essential collaborators that must accompany the application.
This document contains a grant application with sections for the program director/principal investigator contact information, project details like title and budget, and biographical sketches of key personnel. If funded, it would support a pilot global health research project proposed by investigators at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. The project aims to study an important global health issue and advance the field, with a focus on collaboration across career levels and stakeholder engagement.
This document provides background information on global trash and e-waste issues. It discusses how trash and e-waste production has increased globally due to factors like urbanization and electronics usage. Much of the world's e-waste is exported to developing countries with low labor and disposal costs. In places like Agbogbloshie, Ghana, e-waste is improperly disposed of through burning and dismantling, exposing workers and nearby residents to toxic chemicals. This poses serious health risks like respiratory issues, cancer, and birth defects through air, soil, and water pollution.
This document outlines a proposed multi-phase program to address e-waste issues in Agbogbloshie, Ghana. The program aims to:
1) Conduct a community needs assessment and establish educational programs on e-waste hazards.
2) Implement recycling programs including a cryogenic grinding facility and phytoextraction to remove toxins from soil and water.
3) Engage in policy advocacy work to reduce e-waste imports and protect vulnerable groups like children and pregnant women.
4) Conduct evaluations and disseminate findings to stakeholders in Ghana and other affected countries.
This document discusses building recycling centers in Ghana to deal with the country's e-waste problem. It outlines a 7-stage recycling process that involves sorting, size reduction, separation of materials like metals, plastics and glass. It proposes a 3-year budget of $1 million for worker salaries, $400,000 for protective gear and $170,000 for awareness campaigns. Evaluations will measure waste recycled and environmental impacts. The centers will be self-sustaining through resale of extracted materials. Increased health literacy and engaged communities will help ensure sustainability.
The document outlines a proposal to address the issue of toxic e-waste exposure in Agbogbloshie, Ghana. Currently, 40,000 people in Agbogbloshie are at high risk of exposure to heavy metals from e-waste. The goal of the proposal is to decrease this number to 10,000 people through education, promoting proper practices, and formalizing the informal e-waste sector. Key aspects of the proposal include establishing partnerships, constructing a community center, educating the community on toxic materials, and training in personal protective equipment. The total proposed budget is $2,000,000 over 5 years.
The document outlines a plan to address disparities faced by children with disabilities living in the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan. There are approximately 78,522 refugees living in the camp, with 1/5 of refugees living with some form of impairment. The plan involves a community-engaged needs assessment, resource mapping, and developing an integrated health information system. It also proposes initiatives for de-stigmatization, community training, mental health support, and interactive learning using virtual reality technologies. The overall goals are to prioritize the needs of children with disabilities, bridge gaps in resources and access, and establish a sustainable framework over the long term.
The document outlines a mobile services program to promote child health, ability, and resilience. The program will utilize two mobile units staffed with social workers, therapists, and teachers to deliver psychosocial support, physical/occupational therapy, assistive devices, teacher training, and peer connections to children with disabilities. The goals are to improve mental health, mobility, school enrollment, access to services, and build an inclusive society through these direct services and capacity building efforts.
This document proposes an intervention to improve health and inclusivity for children with physical disabilities aged 6-17 in Zaatari refugee camp, Jordan. The intervention will utilize a community-based rehabilitation approach and social ecological model over 5 years. It involves preliminary research, immediate aid funds, recruiting and training community health workers, and programs in WASH, nutrition, medicine, and inclusive education. Process, outcome, and impact indicators will measure handwashing knowledge, stigma reduction, disease rates, nutrition levels, and school enrollment. The goal is to increase health and social inclusion for children with disabilities in a sustainable way through community empowerment.
2019 Statewide Case Competition (1st place Team)SparkmanCenter
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The document proposes the Environmental Protection for Indigenous Children (EPIC) project, which aims to improve health outcomes for indigenous children in Madre De Dios, Peru and reduce deforestation through several initiatives. It would establish a health response team to increase access to healthcare, an environmental education program called Saplings to teach children about the environment, and economic development programs to provide jobs and sustainable livelihoods as the environment changes. The project expects to see a reduction in deforestation and child mortality rates, as well as improved health outcomes, through these coordinated public health and environmental protection efforts over its proposed 5-year timeline.
2019 Statewide Case Competition (2nd place Team)SparkmanCenter
Ā
The document outlines a plan to enhance the quality of life for indigenous populations in Madre de Dios, Peru. It establishes a community-based organization called RaĆz de la Comunidad to lead education, advocacy, and sustainable programs. Key initiatives include providing clean water, nutrition support, microloans, and policy advocacy. A timeline details the phased implementation and expansion of these programs over 5 years to address issues like gold mining, deforestation, and corruption through community empowerment. Partnerships with local and international organizations will help fund and support the work.
2019 Statewide Case Competition (3rd place Team)SparkmanCenter
Ā
The document outlines an implementation plan to address deforestation and construction issues in the Madre de Dios region of Peru over five years. Key aspects of the plan include educating indigenous groups on sustainability, using natural remedies to treat common illnesses, and partnering with organizations like the Madre de Dios Amazon REDD project to protect forests and people. The budget allocates funds each year across education, treatment, protection, and reserve categories to implement the strategies of educating, treating, and protecting target populations like women and children from health risks.
The document discusses the challenges facing refugee children with disabilities living in Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan. It notes that common disabilities seen in children include physical impairments from war injuries, as well as mental, intellectual and developmental disabilities. The document provides background on the Syrian civil war, Jordan as a host country, and Zaatari refugee camp. It outlines UNICEF's response to meet the needs of refugee children with disabilities, including efforts around immunizations, nutrition, water/sanitation/hygiene, child protection, and education. However, it notes many disabled children remain unregistered and without access to basic services and support.
The document provides background information on a case competition involving deforestation in the Madre de Dios region of Peru. Teams are tasked with developing a proposal for a program to address the environmental and health impacts of a planned road construction project that would require deforestation. The project could negatively impact the river ecosystem and livelihoods of communities like Eduardo's. While the road may bring economic opportunities, deforestation is linked to increased respiratory and nutritional issues for children from pollution, loss of food sources, and disrupted water supplies. Indigenous groups' land and human rights must also be considered.
Miguel Guerra is the new program manager of Nicaragua ALTO, which aims to expand road safety efforts in Granada, Nicaragua. He meets with police and emergency services, who report that 716 accidents occurred in one week. Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of death in Nicaragua, with pedestrians and motorcyclists most at risk. Current strategies to reduce accidents include increasing emergency services, lowering speed limits, enforcing drunk and helmet laws, and conducting public education campaigns. However, challenges remain due to infrastructure issues and lack of medical resources.
The document provides background information on malnutrition in Ethiopia, specifically in children under two years of age in the Amhara region. Malnutrition rates are high, with over 50% of children stunted. The first 1000 days of life, including pregnancy and the first two years, are critical for child growth and development. Interventions need to focus on improving nutrition, health services, food security, and feeding practices during this critical window. Teams will develop a five-year, $2 million proposal to address malnutrition in children under two through strategies that are evidence-based, feasible, and culturally appropriate. The proposal must outline objectives, strategies, budget, timeline and plans for sustainability and monitoring.
Over 60% of girls in the Rukungiri District of Uganda miss at least one day of school per month due to lack of access to feminine hygiene products and sanitary facilities. As the new Global Advocacy Adviser for Girls Empowered International, you have been tasked with developing a 5-year, $2 million proposal to address this issue. Your proposal must include objectives, strategies, budgets, timelines, and plans for sustainability, education, product distribution, and addressing cultural stigma. It should leverage local partnerships and resources to create an intervention that is effective, culturally appropriate, and feasible for improving menstrual health and education in the Rukungiri District.
This document provides a preliminary program for the AIDSImpact 2019 conference, including:
1. The opening ceremony and plenary sessions on Monday, 29th.
2. Several parallel sessions on Monday covering topics like MSM health, migrant refugees, social protection, stigma studies, and more.
3. Two lunchtime satellite sessions on creative self-care through art therapy and adolescent lives in East/Southern Africa.
4. Several oral/poster discussion sessions that afternoon on topics like aging, couples, understanding stigma, and the role of peers.
This PPT of antihypertensive drugs, their MOA, and treatment. It also covers classification of antihypertensive drugs including diuretics, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and vasodilators. It provides details on how each drug class lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance, cardiac output, or sodium retention. Common side effects and advantages are also summarized for each drug class. Guidelines for treating different stages of hypertension are presented, including recommendations to start with monotherapy or 2-drug combinations depending on severity, and to follow an A-B-C-D approach
CLASSIFICATION OF H1 ANTIHISTAMINICS-
FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-
1)HIGHLY SEDATIVE-DIPHENHYDRAMINE,DIMENHYDRINATE,PROMETHAZINE,HYDROXYZINE 2)MODERATELY SEDATIVE- PHENARIMINE,CYPROHEPTADINE, MECLIZINE,CINNARIZINE
3)MILD SEDATIVE-CHLORPHENIRAMINE,DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE
TRIPROLIDINE,CLEMASTINE
SECOND GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-FEXOFENADINE,
LORATADINE,DESLORATADINE,CETIRIZINE,LEVOCETIRIZINE,
AZELASTINE,MIZOLASTINE,EBASTINE,RUPATADINE. Mechanism of action of 2nd generation antihistaminics-
These drugs competitively antagonize actions of
histamine at the H1 receptors.
Pharmacological actions-
Antagonism of histamine-The H1 antagonists effectively block histamine induced bronchoconstriction, contraction of intestinal and other smooth muscle and triple response especially wheal, flare and itch. Constriction of larger blood vessel by histamine is also antagonized.
2) Antiallergic actions-Many manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (type I reactions)are suppressed. Urticaria, itching and angioedema are well controlled.3) CNS action-The older antihistamines produce variable degree of CNS depression.But in case of 2nd gen antihistaminics there is less CNS depressant property as these cross BBB to significantly lesser extent.
4) Anticholinergic action- many H1 blockers
in addition antagonize muscarinic actions of ACh. BUT IN 2ND gen histaminics there is Higher H1 selectivitiy : no anticholinergic side effects
Storyboard on Acne-Innovative Learning-M. pharm. (2nd sem.) CosmeticsMuskanShingari
Ā
Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It typically manifests as pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads, often on the face, chest, shoulders, or back. Acne can range from mild to severe and may cause emotional distress and scarring in some cases.
**Causes:**
1. **Excess Oil Production:** Hormonal changes during adolescence or certain times in adulthood can increase sebum (oil) production, leading to clogged pores.
2. **Clogged Pores:** When dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles, bacteria (usually Propionibacterium acnes) can thrive, causing inflammation and acne lesions.
3. **Hormonal Factors:** Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as during puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions, can contribute to acne.
4. **Genetics:** A family history of acne can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
**Types of Acne:**
- **Whiteheads:** Closed plugged pores.
- **Blackheads:** Open plugged pores with a dark surface.
- **Papules:** Small red, tender bumps.
- **Pustules:** Pimples with pus at their tips.
- **Nodules:** Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface.
- **Cysts:** Painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the surface that can cause scarring.
**Treatment:**
Treatment depends on the severity and type of acne but may include:
- **Topical Treatments:** Such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids to reduce bacteria and unclog pores.
- **Oral Medications:** Antibiotics or oral contraceptives for hormonal acne.
- **Procedures:** Such as chemical peels, extraction of comedones, or light therapy for more severe cases.
**Prevention and Management:**
- **Cleanse:** Regularly wash skin with a gentle cleanser.
- **Moisturize:** Use non-comedogenic moisturizers to keep skin hydrated without clogging pores.
- **Avoid Irritants:** Such as harsh cosmetics or excessive scrubbing.
- **Sun Protection:** Use sunscreen to prevent exacerbation of acne scars and inflammation.
Acne treatment can take time, and consistency in skincare routines and treatments is crucial. Consulting a dermatologist can help tailor a treatment plan that suits individual needs and reduces the risk of scarring or long-term skin damage.
Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)MuskanShingari
Ā
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving crucial functions that include protection, sensation, regulation, and synthesis. Structurally, it consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
1. **Epidermis**: The outermost layer primarily composed of epithelial cells called keratinocytes. It provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and UV radiation.
2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
3. **Hypodermis**: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it consists of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures like muscles and bones. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
Skin performs essential functions such as regulating body temperature through sweat production and blood flow control, synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, and serving as a sensory interface with the external environment.
Maintaining skin health is crucial for overall well-being, involving proper hygiene, hydration, protection from sun exposure, and avoiding harmful substances. Skin conditions and diseases range from minor irritations to chronic disorders, emphasizing the importance of regular care and medical attention when needed.
A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart that a child is born with.
Some congenital heart defects in children are simple and don't need treatment. Others are more complex. The child may need several surgeries done over a period of several years.
Applications of NMR in Protein Structure Prediction.pptxAnagha R Anil
Ā
This presentation explores the pivotal role of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in predicting protein structures. It delves into the methodologies, advancements, and applications of NMR in determining the three-dimensional configurations of proteins, which is crucial for understanding their function and interactions.
Breast cancer :Receptor (ER/PR/HER2 NEU) Discordance.pptxDr. Sumit KUMAR
Ā
Receptor Discordance in Breast Carcinoma During the Course of Life
Definition:
Receptor discordance refers to changes in the status of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor ERĪ±, progesterone receptor PgR, and HER2) in breast cancer tumors over time or between primary and metastatic sites.
Causes:
Tumor Evolution:
Genetic and epigenetic changes during tumor progression can lead to alterations in receptor status.
Treatment Effects:
Therapies, especially endocrine and targeted therapies, can selectively pressure tumor cells, causing shifts in receptor expression.
Heterogeneity:
Inherent heterogeneity within the tumor can result in subpopulations of cells with different receptor statuses.
Impact on Treatment:
Therapeutic Resistance:
Loss of ERĪ± or PgR can lead to resistance to endocrine therapies.
HER2 discordance affects the efficacy of HER2-targeted treatments.
Treatment Adjustment:
Regular reassessment of receptor status may be necessary to adjust treatment strategies appropriately.
Clinical Implications:
Prognosis:
Receptor discordance is often associated with a poorer prognosis.
Biopsies:
Obtaining biopsies from metastatic sites is crucial for accurate receptor status assessment and effective treatment planning.
Monitoring:
Continuous monitoring of receptor status throughout the disease course can guide personalized therapy adjustments.
Understanding and managing receptor discordance is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving the prognosis for breast cancer patients.
Fexofenadine is sold under the brand nameĀ Allegra.
It is aĀ selectiveĀ peripheralĀ H1 blocker. It is classified as a second-generation antihistamine because it is less able to pass theĀ bloodābrain barrierĀ and causes lesser sedation, as compared to first-generation antihistamines.
It is on theĀ World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.Ā Fexofenadine has been manufactured in generic form since 2011.
1. 2018 Statewide Global Health
Case Competition
Connecting students from diverse fields to address a
global health challenge
Challenges of slum life in
Orangi Town, Karachi, Pakistan
2. All characters and plots described within the case are considered fictional and bear no direct
reflection of existing organizations or individuals. The case topic, however, is a true representation
of circumstances in Pakistan. The case scenario is complex and does not necessarily have an ideal
solution, thus encouraging a discerning balance of creativity and knowledge. Provided are
informative facts and figures within the case and appendices to help teams create a proposal. The
data provided are derived from independent sources, may have been adapted for use in this case,
and are clearly cited allowing teams to verify or contest them within their recommendations, if
necessary. Teams are responsible for justifying the accuracy and validity of all data and
calculations that are used in their presentations, as well as defending their assertions during
judging.