Presentation by Katia Karousakis, OECD expert, on Indicators relevant to Aichi Target 3 at BIP side-event, at CBD COP13, Cancun, Mexico.

1. INDICATORS
RELEVANT TO AICHI
TARGET 3
Katia Karousakis
Biodiversity Team Leader
OECD Environment Directorate
CBD COP13, December 2016
Policy Response Indicators from
the OECD

2. • OECD works in a number of areas
e.g., environment, agriculture, fisheries,
development co-operation
• OECD provides…
 forum to exchange country experiences and good
practice
policy analysis
 comparable data to track policy developments
2
Overview

3. • Examined several OECD datasets to evaluate
relevance to Aichi Target 3 (incentives)
and 20 (resource mobilisation)
 Policy Instruments for the Environment database
 PSE/CSE database on agricultural support
 Fossil fuel subsidies
 OECD DAC Rio-Markers
amongst others
3
Biodiversity policy response indicators
‘Biodiversity Policy Response Indicators’ (OECD ENV Working Paper No. 90, 2015)

4. 4
Policy Instruments for the Environment
database – what is it?
Policy Instruments included:
• Environmentally-related taxes, fees and charges
• Tradable permit systems
• Environmentally-motivated subsidies
• Deposit refund schemes
• Voluntary approaches
Environmental domains:
• Water pollution
• Air pollution
• Climate change
• Land contamination
• Waste management
• Noise
• Natural resources
management
• Energy efficiency
• Transport
• Land management
• Biodiversity
Data on more than
2900 instruments
58 countries
Information on
instruments and
revenue supplied by
countries
All countries
welcome to
provide
information!
oe.cd/pine

5. • Biodiversity-relevant taxes, fees, charges include:
 Charges on tourist-related services and structures -
Great Barrier Reef
 Fee on hunting licence
 Entrance fee for National Parks
 Forest products harvest tax
• Currently, 23 countries include information on
biodiversity-relevant taxes (22 are OECD member
countries)
5
Policy Instruments for the Environment
database: biodiversity-relevant taxes
oe.cd/pine

6. • Tradable permits schemes represent 4%
of all biodiversity-related instruments
• Currently, the PINE database contains
information on 34 biodiversity-relevant
tradable permit schemes in 23 different
countries
– Most frequently, tradable hunting permits
and transferable fishing quotas
oe.cd/pine 6
Policy Instruments for the Environment
database: biodiversity-relevant tradable permits

7. Revenue from environmentally related taxes
in % GDP, 2014
USD 6 billion per year = Revenue from biodiversity-relevant taxes in
OECD countries
 (only 0.7% of the total revenue from environmentally relevant taxes)
oe.cd/pine

8. • In 2017-2018, will aim to
include two new policy
instruments in the PINE
database:
8
PINE database – planned work
Payments for ecosystem services (PES)
Biodiversity offsets

9. Trends in potentially environmentally
harmful agricultural support
Source: OECD Secretariat calculations based on OECD PSE/CSE database, 2016.
All countries welcome to provide information
OECD agricultural support to farmers by potential environmental impact
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
USD mn
Most harmful Least harmful Other
Potentially most environmentally harmful support

10. Key areas of OECD work on Biodiversity,
Land Use and Ecosystems (BLUE)
 Biodiversity Indicators, Valuation and Assessment
 Economic Instruments, Incentives and Policies for Biodiversity
 Biodiversity Finance, Development and Distributional Issues
Previous and forthcoming work
• Marine Protected Areas: Economics, Management and Effective Policy Mixes (OECD,
forthcoming 2017)
• Overcoming Barriers to Effective Biodiversity Policy Reform (OECD, forthcoming 2017)
• Biodiversity Offsets: Effective Design and Implementation (OECD, 2016) NEW!
• Biodiversity Policy Response Indicators (OECD ENV Working Paper No. 90, 2015)
• Scaling Up Finance Mechanisms for Biodiversity (OECD, 2013)
• Paying for Biodiversity: Enhancing the Cost-Effectiveness of Payments for Ecosystem
Services (OECD, 2010)
Visit: www.oecd.org/env/biodiversity
http://www.oecd.org/environment/resources/mainstream-
biodiversity/
katia.karousakis@oecd.org