by Katia Karousakis, Biodiversity Team Leader, Environment Directorate, OECD.

1. SOME RECENT
EPOC/WPBWE WORK
RELEVANT TO
ENVIRONET
Katia Karousakis
Biodiversity Team Leader
Environment Directorate

2. Marine Protected Areas: Economics,
Management and Effective Policy Mixes
Ch 1 Good practice insights
Ch 2 Benefits and costs of MPAs
Ch 3Effective design and
management of MPAs
Ch 4 Sustainable financing of
MPAs
Ch 5 Effective Policy Mixes
OECD (2017)

3. Financing
Domestic govt
budget
Often the main source of finance in many developed countries
External devt
finance
Often a substantial source of finance in many developing countries
Trust funds Several trust funds established e.g., Belize, Mauritania and Mexico
User fees (e.g.,
entrance fees)
Often a substantial source of finance in a number of MPAs. Entrance
fees used in Australia, Mexico, Belize, Thailand and the Galapagos
Islands in Ecuador
Taxes and fines France (1995 Barnier Act). Tax on maritime passenger ships in
protected areas – with revenue earmarked
Subsidies MPAs can enhance fisheries by protecting nursing grounds
PES A few examples in marine context – e.g., sea turtles in Tanzania, grey
whale habitat protection Mexico, blue carbon (seagrass)
Financing marine protected areas and
the role of fiscal incentives
Source: OECD (2017) Marine Protected Areas: Economics, Management and Effective Policy Mixes

4. Includes chapter on payments to
Mauritania and Guinea Bissau for
conservation and sustainable use of
oceans, seas and marine resources
 EU Fisheries Partnership
Agreements and ODA financing
The Political Economy of Biodiversity
Policy Reform (OECD, 2017)

5. • Evaluating the effectiveness of policy
instruments for biodiversity: impact
evaluation, cost-effectiveness analysis and
other approaches
• Land use, climate mitigation, ecosystems and
food: aligning policies in the land use sector
For more information contact: katia.karousakis@oecd.org
Other on-going EPOC WPBWE work