Pharmacology is the study of how drugs act on living systems, including their biological effects, therapeutic uses, and interactions. A drug is any substance that alters physiological systems. Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to a drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, while pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body through its mechanisms and effects. Drugs can be administered through various routes including oral, parenteral, topical, inhalational, and others. Proper drug nomenclature includes the chemical, generic, and trade names.
This is the second part of my presentation. It is all about the review on Routes and rights of drug administration. The slide also covers IP & Drug Laws too.
This is the second part of my presentation. It is all about the review on Routes and rights of drug administration. The slide also covers IP & Drug Laws too.
Essential information regarding drug administration process.especially related to bachelor's of nursing students.Guidance for drug administration it's terms and including route,dose,frequency.Highly focused on nursing roles and responsibilities.
Pharmacology: Class Session 1 and 2 Introduction to PharmacologyMariaJose2001
This is an outline of the basics of Pharmacology. A discussion of how drugs are named, classified and its effects on the person's biochemical processes. It also included the factors influencing drug action and potential drug interactions. At the end, some commonly ysed terminologies were defined.
This presentation deals with the basic pharmacology orientation course everyone (newbies which may include MBBS undergrads, nursing staff, b. pharma. students, etc.) must get themselves acquainted with
Pharmacology is the branch of pharmaceutical sciences which is concerned with the study of drug or medication action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism
presented by: Miss Prajakta D. sawant, Lecturer at Genesis Institute of Pharmacy, radhanagari.
SECOND YEAR DIPLOMA IN PHARMACY. PHARMACOLOGY AND
TOXICOLOGY(0813).
Administration of Medication, Unit - 12 FONAtul Yadav
Administration of Medication
1.Introduction of medication ,drug
2. Drug
3. Medication
4. Name of drugs or Nomenclature
5. Classification of drugs
6. Classification of drugs according to their action
7. Terminologies of drugs
8. Routes of drug administration
a. Oral route
b. Sublingual route
c. Rectal route
d. Inhalation route
e. Cutaneous route
f. Parental route
9. Intravenous
10. Interamuscular
11. Intradermal
12. subcutaneous
13. Purposes of medication
14. Principles of medication
15. Medication errors
16. Drugs form
17. Storage and maintenance of drugs
18. Effects of drugs on the body
19. Factors affecting drugs response
20. Factors affecting drug absorption
21. Systems of drug measurement
22. Converting measurements units
23. Dose calcuations
24. Abbreviations used in drugs
25. Abbreviations uses in pharmacology
26. Abbreviations use in nursing
27. Oral drug administration equipments
28. Oral administration procedure
29. Parental administration procedure
30. Cannula
31. Types of cannula
32. Needle stick injuries
33. Preventing needle stick injuries
Essential information regarding drug administration process.especially related to bachelor's of nursing students.Guidance for drug administration it's terms and including route,dose,frequency.Highly focused on nursing roles and responsibilities.
Pharmacology: Class Session 1 and 2 Introduction to PharmacologyMariaJose2001
This is an outline of the basics of Pharmacology. A discussion of how drugs are named, classified and its effects on the person's biochemical processes. It also included the factors influencing drug action and potential drug interactions. At the end, some commonly ysed terminologies were defined.
This presentation deals with the basic pharmacology orientation course everyone (newbies which may include MBBS undergrads, nursing staff, b. pharma. students, etc.) must get themselves acquainted with
Pharmacology is the branch of pharmaceutical sciences which is concerned with the study of drug or medication action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism
presented by: Miss Prajakta D. sawant, Lecturer at Genesis Institute of Pharmacy, radhanagari.
SECOND YEAR DIPLOMA IN PHARMACY. PHARMACOLOGY AND
TOXICOLOGY(0813).
Administration of Medication, Unit - 12 FONAtul Yadav
Administration of Medication
1.Introduction of medication ,drug
2. Drug
3. Medication
4. Name of drugs or Nomenclature
5. Classification of drugs
6. Classification of drugs according to their action
7. Terminologies of drugs
8. Routes of drug administration
a. Oral route
b. Sublingual route
c. Rectal route
d. Inhalation route
e. Cutaneous route
f. Parental route
9. Intravenous
10. Interamuscular
11. Intradermal
12. subcutaneous
13. Purposes of medication
14. Principles of medication
15. Medication errors
16. Drugs form
17. Storage and maintenance of drugs
18. Effects of drugs on the body
19. Factors affecting drugs response
20. Factors affecting drug absorption
21. Systems of drug measurement
22. Converting measurements units
23. Dose calcuations
24. Abbreviations used in drugs
25. Abbreviations uses in pharmacology
26. Abbreviations use in nursing
27. Oral drug administration equipments
28. Oral administration procedure
29. Parental administration procedure
30. Cannula
31. Types of cannula
32. Needle stick injuries
33. Preventing needle stick injuries
General Pharmacology Lecture Slides on introduction to Pharmacology by Sanjaya Mani Dixit Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at Kathmandu Medical College
2. pharmacology - drug study
What is Pharmacology ?
Science that deals with the effects of drugs on living
system.
Sources, biological effects, therapeutic uses,
adverse effects and interactions of drugs
2
3. What is drug ?
Substance that modify the physiological systems or
pathological state for the benefit of the recipient.
3
5. Pharmacodynamics:
What the drug does to the body
Drug’s mechanism of action
Pharmacological effects of drug
Adverse effects of drugs
Drug interaction
5
6. 6
Pharmacotherapeutics:
Application of pharmacological information together
with disease knowledge for prevention and cure
Selection of drug, dose, duration of treatment
Toxicology:
Harmful effects of drug
Detection, prevention, treatment of poisoning
Study of adverse effects
7. Clinical pharmacology:
Scientific study of drugs in man
7
P.kinetic/dynamic investigation in healthy and patients
Evaluation of efficacy and safety, adverse effects
Comparative trails, Surveillance
8. SOURCES OF DRUGS
I. Natural sources
II. Semisynthetic sources
III. Synthetic sources
8
12. 3.Trade name: (brand, proprietary name)
Given by a pharmaceutical company
Sole property of the pharmaceutical company
A drug may have many proprietary names
Same company – different name in different countries
Prescription, over-the-counter drugs
Ecospirin, Disprin (for aspirin)
12
13. 2.Generic name:
Assigned by - United States Adopted Name (USAN) council
British Approved Name (BAN) council
Used uniformly in all countries
After the drugincludedin pharmacopeia - official name
Aspirin, paracetamol
13
14. 1. Chemical name:
Is the name of chemical compound present in a drug
Acetyl salicylic acid, Acetaminophen
Not suitable for prescribing
Number is given before name is framed (Eg: INR00439)
14
15. Sources of drug information
Pharmacopeia:
Book containing names of officially approved drugs
with their physical and chemical characteristics.
Eg: Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP)
BP, USP
15
16. Non-official references:
Physicians’ Drug Reference (PDR)
Dental Drug Reference (Mosby)
Monthly Index of Medical Specialists (MIMS)
Medical journals:
The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences
Medical Journal of Malaysia, BMJ
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): www.fda.gov16
18. Oral route: Advantages:
Safe, convenient for long use
Painless, self administered
Disadvantages:
Slow onset of action (not used in emergency)
Not suitable - in diarrhoea/vomiting/unconscious cases
- unpalatable/irritant drugs, unabsorbed drug
Aspirin, paracetamol, ibuprofen
18
19. Sublingual: Advantages:
Quick onset of action, bypass first pass metabolism
Self administered, terminated by spiting out
Disadvantages:
In children
Bad smell & lipid insoluble drugs
Nitroglycerin for angina
19
23. Subcutaneous:
Advantages:
Self administration is possible
Depot can be inserted into sc
Disadvantages:
Slow absorption, not useful in emergency
Suitable only for non-irritant drugs
Eg: Insulin, adrenaline
23
24. Intramuscular:
Advantages:
Rapid absorption
Depot injections
10 ml can be given at a time
Useful in vomiting, diarrhea, unconscious patients
Bypass first pass metabolism
Disadvantages:
Sterilization required
Painful, no self administration
Injury to nerve, cause abscess
Eg: gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin 24
25. Intravenous: Advantages:
Directly reaches blood
Bypass first pass metabolism, 100% bioavailability
Emergency – fast onset of action
Large volume infused – iv fluids
High irritant drugs is given
Useful in vomiting, diarrhea, unconscious patients
Eg: furosemide, diazepam
25
27. Topical: (skin and mucous membrane)
Advantages:
More convenient, encouraging to patient
Efficiently delivered to local lesion areas
Disadvantages:
Local irritation, dermatitis
silver sulfadiazine ointment, diclofenac gel
27
29. Advantages:
Self administered, better patient compliance
Prolonged duration of action
Less systemic side effect
Disadvantages:
Expensive
Local irritation causes dermatitis, itching
Patch may fall off unnoticed
scopolamine, nitroglycerine, oestrogen
29
30. Inhalational:
Volatile liquids and gases are given for systemic effects
Advantages:
Absorption through alveoli, rapid onset of action
Less dose is enough, so less systemic toxicity
Amount of drug can be regulated
Disadvantages:
Irritation causes bronchospasm and high secretion
General anaesthetics – nitrous oxide, ether, halothane
30
31. Drug into subarachnoid space - Intrathecal
31
Intrathecal – lignocaine, amphotericin
Intra articular – hydrocortisone