The document discusses the flame ionization detector (FID). It explains that the FID is one of the most sensitive and reliable detectors for gas analysis. It works by ionizing solutes in a flame, with electrons emitted attracted to a positive electrode to produce a current. The FID is responsive only to organic compounds with carbon atoms, making it useful for analyzing volatile solutes in water without pretreatment. It also lists key characteristics of the FID like being rugged, sensitive, having a wide dynamic range, and being destructive. Example applications mentioned include analyzing purge gases and impurities in gas supplies for various industrial processes.

1. Flame Ionization Detector

2. Need of Gas Analysis
• High purity gas supply is of prime importance
to many industrial and research applications.
Gas contamination can have a devastating
effect on product quality and yield. Mass
spectrometry provides unparalleled versatility
for the detection of contaminants in pure gas
streams with detection capability to sub PPM
level for most species.

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b. Flame Ionization Detector (FID)
This is one of the most sensitive and reliable
destructive detectors. Separate two gas cylinders,
one for fuel and the other for O2 or air are used in the
ignition of the flame of the FID. The fuel is usually
hydrogen gas. The flow rate of air and hydrogen
should be carefully adjusted in order to successfully
ignite the flame.

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The FID detector is a mass sensitive detector
where solutes are ionized in the flame and
electrons emitted are attracted by a positive
electrode, where a current is obtained.
The FID detector is not responsive to air, water,
carbon disulfide. This is an extremely
important advantage where volatile solutes
present in water matrix can be easily analyzed
without any pretreatment.

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Remember that FID characteristics include:
• Rugged
• Sensitive (10-13
g/s)
• Wide dynamic range (107
)
• Signal depends on number of carbon atoms in organic
analytes which is referred to as mass sensitive rather
than concentration sensitive
• Weakly sensitive to carbonyl, amine, alcohol, amine
groups
• Not sensitive to non-combustibles – H2O, CO2, SO2, NOx
• Destructive

8. Applications :
•Satellite manufacture purge gas analysis.
•Gas analysis of contaminants in gas supply in Hot
Isostatic Processing (HIP)
•Analysis of impurities in closed cycle refrigerator
compressor gas
•High purity hydrogen analysis in steel mill reducing
processes
•Semiconductor process gas supply