Essay About Economy

Economic Growth Essay
Economic Growth Economic growth refers to the rate of increase in the total production of goods and services within an economy. Economic
growth increases the productivity capacity of an economy, thereby allowing more wants to be satisfied. A growing economy increases
employment opportunities, stimulates business enterprise and innovation. A sustained economic growth is fundamental to any nation wishing to
raise its standard of living and provide a greater well being for all. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the monetary value of all final goods and
services produced over a year. It is the total value of production within the economy. The total value of production is the total value of the final
goods or services less the cost of...show more content...
Real GDP is measured by the following formula; [(current year quantity) x (based year price)]. A more reliable measure of economic growth is
real GDP per capita; this measurement takes into account both the total production of the nation and the total population. Real GDP per capita
measures the real income per head of the population.
This can be measured by the following formula; Per capita nominal GDP = Nominal GDP / Population, Per capita real GDP = Real GDP
/ Population. Seven factors determine economic growth. Natural resources such as land, mineral deposits, waterways; climatic conditions provide
an essential foundation to economic growth. Combined with the other resources of capital, labor and enterprises, natural resources can be
developed and organized to increase the productive capacity if the nation. Consequently the quality and size of the labor force is a major
determinant of economic growth. Education and vocational training are essential the growth potential of a nation. The promotion of education
and job training schemes increase the knowledge, skills and flexibility of the workforce that contributes to potentially higher levels of productivity
and efficiency. Whether from natural increase or immigration population growth can cause a higher level of economic growth. An increasing
population requires increased public spending on housing, education and other social needs while businesses expectations of
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The Global Economy Essay
The global economy is a complex and multi–faceted system. When one variable changes, such as a dramatic increase in the New Zealand dollar,
the spin–off effects can be detrimental to some while increasing the wealth and living–standard of others. This essay will discuss the global
economic system we have in place today, and the consequential distributive injustices as a result of this structure. These perceived injustices arise
as a result of the ethical debate of reducing poverty via economic growth versus creating a sustainable environment.
The origin of the capitalist economy we have today can be linked back to the industrial revolution between the 1750s–1850s. As the economy
began to display signs of rapid growth, global population...show more content...
The idea of the capitalist market is in contrast with that of the socialist market. The aforementioned is characterised by private business
ownership, free entry into the market, profit as the ultimate goal, consumer choice and the government acting as a type of economic regulator. A
socialist market is more typical of a government–planned economy where distribution of income and wealth is the key to obtaining social gain.
The Washington Consensus is a set of policy based themes its author, John Williamson, believed necessary for the recovery of Latin America
after the financial crisis of the 80s. Williamson provides a set of capitalist ideas which the IMF, World Bank and US Treasury Department use
when setting policies (Williamson, 2002). The Washington Consensus is proof that, for the most part, the economy is still in a capitalist form.
However, recently there has been a huge push by socialist economies such as China and Russia as they become increasingly powerful in an
economic sense, although in a way they are also becoming increasingly westernised. The problem is evenly distributing the world's resources
when increasing amounts of people want more than they actually need. Socialist state economic systems but with Americanised consumerism is
setting the scene for an interesting start to the 21st century.
The changing economic landscape comes at the heels of an ever–expanding and expending Chinese economy – an

Essay On Us Economy
The United States Economy The US economy is still the largest and the most important in the world which represent about 20% of the total
global output and is ranked as 6th highest per capita GDP. The US economy features a highly–developed and technologically–advanced services
sector, which accounts for about 80% of its outputs. Large American Corporations also play a role on the global stage with a huge amount of
their companies are located all around the world. The US is also the 2nd largest manufacturing in the world and also has an important
manufacturing base and is the main hub in producing high–value products. They have access to almost any natural resource and is the world's
largest agricultural exporting country with sophisticated...show more content...
Still, the US economy faces many challenges in its way in the coming years. The Chinese Economy China economy experienced an incredible
growth in the last few decades that made the country the 2nd largest economy in the world. When China started the program of economic
reforms in 1978, it ranked 9th in nominal GDP but 35 years later it's now ranked 2nd in the nominal GDP and been the world's manufacturing
hub. In recent years, China's modernization propelled the tertiary sector and in 2013, it became the largest category of GDP with a share of
46.1%, while the secondary sector still accounted for a sizeable, 45% of the country's total output. Meanwhile, the primary sector's weight in GDP
has shrunk dramatically since the country opened up to the world. Since 1993, China has experienced uninterrupted trade supplies and in 2013,
China has overtaken the US as the world's largest trading nation. As an economy highly integrated into the global trade system, the country
benefited from a steady improvement in its term of trade since 2000. The country has multiple bilateral and multilateral trade agreements that
opened new markets for its product. A Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between China and ASEAN nations which came into effect in the beginning
of 2010, created the world's third largest free trade area in terms of nominal GDP. China established FTA with nations like Korea, Peru, Pakistan,
Singapore and etc.

Essay about Economic Conditions
To analyze an economy, certain statistics can be used to predict the economy's future. This is important because it helps prepare people for
prosperity or hard times. Certain indicators can be used to determine the future of aggregate demand and others can be used to determine
aggregate supply. Using eight aggregate demand indicators and four aggregate supply indicators we developed a prediction for the economy in the
near future.
Changes in aggregate demand are reflected in changes of GDP. To find valuable indicators of the future aggregate demand is to find statistics that
tell about change in the components of GDP (C+I+G+Nx). Aggregate supply is influenced by the costs of production to producers and the advent
of new or better factors...show more content...
In general, they are a good indicator of the economy and public sentiment for it. If people are confident in an economy, they will invest more in
stocks, but if they are wary of an economies future, they are more likely to save their money. Stock prices have been falling after a year of
record gains, indicating that the period of economic growth is either slowing or coming to an end. The Industrial Production Index is a good
indicator of the I in GDP. This index will reflect growth for producers, whether they are making profits, and if new jobs are being created.
After several years of steady increase, Industrial Production is down, hinting that aggregate demand may soon be too. Unemployment is
another indicator of aggregate demand. If unemployment is low, many people have jobs, and they will probably be spending, adding to GDP.
Unemployment has been at a record low, but recent layoffs in the auto industry as well as other have driven that number up to 4.2 from 4.0.
This is still a low figure, but if it continues to rise, that may impact GDP greatly. Disposable personal income reflects how much money people
have to spend. Obviously, the more money someone has the more likely that person is to spend it. After many quarters of positive figures for
real disposable personal income, those numbers have been dropping, even registering as negative in the last few months. Less income will mean
less spending, a lower GDP, and a

Essay about Us Economy and Gdp
1.In 4–5 paragraphs, discuss the history of the US economy including productivity, growth, markets and government regulations.
2.In 2–3 paragraphs explain GDP: what items are included & excluded and why intermediate goods and services are usually not included directly
in GDP.
3.Rank, i.e. list, the following in order of increasing (from negative to positive) cross – price elasticity of demand with coffee. Explain your
reasoning.
– Bleach
– Tea
– Cream
– Cola
4.In 3–4 paragraphs, provide examples and discuss how the "Rules of the Game" impact the US economic growth and productivity. What current
US economic Rules of the Game are impacting economic growth today?
5.In 2–3 paragraphs, discuss how markets coordinate the...show more content...
Millions were out of work. The government began public works projects to help bring growth back to the economy
World War II brought the US out of this period of slow growth. The military needed tanks, planes, guns, and everything else needed for the war
effort. People were either back to work or overseas fighting. Production and growth rates reached new highs.
At the end of the war, growth continued through the seventies. People were seeing a better standard of living that ever before. Highways ran
across the nation, and people bought cars to travel for fun.
Later, the seventies brought an economic downturn, which did not last too long. Technology was no the horizon, bringing things like the mini

transistor, and eventually the microchip. This brought on a new revolution. Companies promised paperless offices and copy machines replaced
secretaries. Eventually computers increased production in offices and factories. Growth opportunities in semiconductors spawned new markets
and even new areas like Silicon Valley.
The most recent breakthrough is the internet. It brought any information to anyone, in an instant. Productivity skyrocketed in areas like research
and development and for researching mid term exams on economics, particularly on questions about the history of the US economy.
While this is a quick recap of production and growth over the past 200 years, it is not over.

Macroeconomics Essay
"Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, and behavior of a national economy as a whole.
Macroeconomists seek to understand the determinants of aggregate trends in an economy with particular focus on national income,
unemployment, inflation, investment, and international trade" (Wikipedia, 2007). Government tends to use a combination of both monetary and
fiscal options when setting policies that deal with the Macroeconomic.
According to McConnell & Brue (2004), governments make adjustments through policy changes which they...show more content...
dollars into gold at $35 per ounce, has made the U.S. and other countries' monies into fiat money–money that national monetary authorities have
the power to issue without legal constraints.
Money is used in all economic operations; money has a powerful effect every economic activity. The increase in supply of money put more money
in the hands of the consumers and increased spending. When the money supply continues to expand and the prices begin to increase, particularly if
the output growth reach to the capacity limits as the public begin to expect the inflation, lenders insist on higher interest rates to offset and
expected decline in purchasing power over the life of their loans. Contradictory results happen when the supply of money falls, or when the rate
of growth cries off. The U.S. money supply comprises currency–dollar bills and coins issued by the Federal Reserve System and the Treasury–and
various kinds of deposits held by the public at commercial banks and other depository institutions such as savings and loans and credit unions. On
June 30, 1990, the money supply, measured as the sum of currency and checking account deposits, totaled $809 billion. Including some types of
savings deposits, the money supply totaled $3,272 billion. And even broader measure totaled $4,066 billion

Essay on Economics in My Life
Economics in My Life
When I was first given this assignment I was extremely perplexed at how I would even begin to finish it. I had no idea how economics related
to my life in anyway. I hadn't thought about it critically and I struggling terribly. Thanks to some much needed help from a fellow classmate, he
allowed me to get an idea of things from his own essay. After reading not one, but two other essays, I was so surprised at how oblivious I had
been. I never realized that just about everything that goes on in my daily life is, in fact, economics. I never realized that from the things I buy to
the money I earn from working is all economics. The things I miss out of while working or going to school is a complete opportunity cost. Or even
...show more content...
Certain books that were unbelievably hard to find were in the higher price range because they were, in a way, rare. As appose to a book that was
so common could easily be found at a cheap price.
They say that there is always something lost at the cost of another. Opportunity cost is something that I always consider before most
decisions. For example, I work weekends as a server, including Fridays. That Friday shift is one of the best days to work to make good money,
but almost every winter and summer class is Monday through Friday. It's also a full eight hour shift so it makes it extremely difficult to find
even later classes. In my whole two years at ECC I've only been in one sit–in winter class. Other than that I'm left with online classes. The
opportunity cost for the much need money I make on Friday sets me back enormously in school, because not every class is available online.
Work stands in the way of a lot things in my life. Because I go to school Monday through Thursday I really only have Friday through Sunday
to work. It's hard for me to go on vacations or even hang out with friends at the beach during summer because I get off later in the afternoon.
Staying out late with friends is also an opportunity cost because I work early mornings. So you can see that I give up a lot for work but I know
that if I work hard now it won't be so hard later in life. That's when I'll stay out late and go on vacations.
This was first year that I actually had to fill taxes and I

Economic Systems Essay
Introduction
Economic systems are organized way in which a state or nation allocates its resources and apportions goods and services in the national
community. An economic system is slackly defined as country's plan for its services, goods produced, and the exact way in which its economic
plan is carried out. There are three types of economic systems exist, they are command economy, market economy, and mixed economy.
Command economy is also sometimes called planned economy. The expectations of this type of economy is that all major decisions that related to
the construction or production, distribution, commodity and service prices are all made by the government. However, in market economy,
national and state governments play a...show more content...
Businesses can decide which goods to produce and in what quantity and consumers can decide what they want to purchase and at what price.
The role of the state is limited to ensure right precision in the prices charged by the sellers. Prices also have the function to allocate and
distribute a country's resources. Market leads to complete effectiveness bringing about the best possible distribution of a country's resources
in a perfect world. This would only happen in a state of equilibrium and there is a unique price for every commodity. But in a realistic world
which is imperfect by nature, prices are never at equilibrium and very unstable depending upon the vagaries of the market forces. This
generally harms people living below the poverty line. It is impossible for them to pay high prices in cases of demand shortage. Thus, the free
market model is not a viable option in developing countries which has a large number of poor. Besides, producers are aim to minimize profit and
maximize rent of production. Examples of countries that are using this economy system are Hong Kong, USA, and UK. Many developing
countries like India and China are moving towards totally free–market economy. The command economy is government directed. The market
forces have very little say in such an economy. There is no private property. On the other hand, a command economy aims at using all available
resources for developing either

business economics Essay
Table of Contents 1.INTRODUCTION 2.MAIN BODY 2.1THE NATURE OF RESOURCE COST STRUCTURE AND THE PRACTICAL
SIGNIFICANCE OF DIFFERENT COSTS 2.2THE FACTORS INFLUENCING OPTIMUM SIZE AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DEMAND
AND SUPPLY RELATIONSHIPS 2.3UNDERSTANDING OF THE RELEVANCE AND LIMITATIONS OF ECONOMIC THEORY TO
MANAGE DECISIONS 3.CONCLUSION 1.INTRODUCTION: From the economic perspective, there are a full range of wants from
individuals, firms and government but there is only a few number of resources or factors of production such as land, labour, capital and
enterprise. The raw material will come from land, taking the example of oil, gas. The labour relates to the individuals able to work. The capital
covers machinery,...show more content...
Equipment, everything used to bring all the materials together, for example, cranes, welding sets, computing time, mobile offices. It is also
important to know how much money committed to spend at any point in time. 2.1.1The microeconomics perspectives: This focuses on the
market behaviour of individual consumers and firms to help understand the decision making process of firms and households. This is at a level
of individual buyer and individual seller, meaning demand and supply. How much to produce and how much to charge for it. The law of the
demand is that the demand decreases when the price increases and the demand increases when the price decreases. Also more demand of a
product results in an increase of the price the price of that product. (See graph below). 2.1.2The macroeconomics perspectives, focuses on the big
picture of the national economy as a whole and provides a basic understanding of how things work in the business environment. The macrocosmic
policy goals will be achieved by the monetary policy and the fiscal policy. The monetary policy is the management of the nation money supply, the
decision of the interest rate and the banking system to promote economic growth, lower unemployment and inflation. 2.2The factors influencing
optimum size and the significance of demand and supply relationship: The demand and the supply are two main concepts of the economy.
Demand is what quantity of product or service

What is Economics? Essay
Many people think that economics is about money. Well, to some extent this is true. Economics has a lot to do with money: with how much
money people are paid; how much they spend: what it costs to buy various items; how much money firms earn; how much money there is in total
in the economy. But despite the large number of areas in which our lives are concerned with money,economics is more than just the study of
money.
It is concerned with:
В·The production of goods and services: how much the economy produces; what particular combination of goods and services; how much each
firm produces; what techniques of production they use; how many people they employ.
В·The consumption of goods and services: how much the population as a...show more content...
There are three types of resources:
В·Human resources: labour The labour force is limited both in number and in skills.
В·Natural resources: land and raw materials The world's land area is limited, as are its raw materials.
В·Manufactures resources: capital
All inputs into production that have themselves been produced: e.g. factories, machines and tools.
One must bear in mind that our wants are virtually unlimited, while the resources available to satisfy these wants are limited. In other words
when society demands more of a product than can actually be produced to fulfil those wants we have a problem of scarcity. An example of this
would be the OPEC oil price shocks between 1973 and 1980. Yes, it is true that the price of oil rose and some individuals used substitutes but

the economies of oil importing countries like Germany and Japan fell because OPEC now had more buying power since they had the control
over a scarce resource. We can therefore think of oil as having become scarcer in economic terms when its price rose.
Earlier I stated that economics is concerned with consumption and production. We can look at it in the terms of demand and supply. It is simply
the quantity of a good buyers wish to purchase at each conceivable price. Three factors determine demand:
В·Desire
В·Willingness to pay
В·Ability to pay
Whilst supply is the quantity of good sellers wish to sell at each conceivable price. Supply is

Essay about The British Economy
Explain and illustrate the effect of this shock, and the courses of action the Government and the Bank of England are, in your opinion, likely to
take as a consequence. Discuss the implications for business of both the initial shock and the following Government and Bank actions. You should
assume that the Government of the day has committed itself to full employment, "prudent" public spending, and no major tax increases. The
Bank has an inflation target of 2.5% pa.
A long run equilibrium is one in which the aggregate markets – financial, product and resource, are in equilibrium simultaneously This is made
possible by flexible wages and prices and is represented by the intersection of the AD (aggregate demand) curve and the LRAS...show more
content...
As seen in Fig 2, cost–push inflation occurs with a leftward shift of the aggregate supply curve, which is independent of any movements in
aggregate demand. Because the demand for oil is highly price inelastic, producers know that they can pass on the increased costs of the oil
directly to the consumer, without the need to absorb them at the firm level. They may also cut back on production slightly in the short term in
order to avoid a current surplus, however, as the demand for oil would not be expected to drop significantly, this approach would be a
cautionary one. A rise of the price of oil by 15 percent would stimulate a single shift in the AS curve, which is known as a supply shock–
whereby there is a temporary inflation taking place while the price rise is passed through the economy. A stabilisation of prices will then take
place, and thus inflation will subside. A blanket increase in the price of oil is hence known as import–price–push inflation, where the 'import
prices of a commodity increase independently of the level of aggregate demand'
In general however, good–price inflation has tended to be lower than service–price inflation. This is as a result of the fact that there is a 'higher
rate of growth of productivity in goods markets relative to services markets. Goods are traded internationally to a greater extent than services and
capital equipment tends to replace labour to a greater degree in the production of

Economics Reflection
. Through the process of reading, I learned many things about the economy. First of all, I learned that it is a much more difficult decision to
come to in regards of how much government involvement in the nation's economy is enough, how much is too little, and how much is not
enough. I also learned that trying to keep the economy stable and productive is a constant and difficult struggle, and that it is often difficult to
even know what needs to or can be done in order to stabilize it. While I find economics to be somewhat boring (I am a music major and largely
emotionally driven, which means that my entertainment is usually emotionally involving somehow), I actually enjoyed how Wheelan explained
economics in this book. While I would not read it for fun, reading this book as an assignment was not painful.
Having government involved in the economy has its pros and cons. One of the Pros is that the government can help prevent or discourage harmful
behaviors or actions. Government regulation can prevent man–caused shortages. Fishing regulations are often put in place to prevent overfishing.
These regulations prevent or discourage fishermen from fishing too much in one season, which allows the fish to repopulate and remain available
in the future. In the book, Wheelan mentioned how the government can also tax bad behaviors to encourage behaviors that benefit health and/or
the environment. An example of this is a tax on gasoline and/or larger vehicles, or a tax on cigarettes.

Essay about U.S. Economy
The United States economy is currently not looking very good. Over the past couple of months the economy has taken a turn for the worst and
we could be headed into a recession in the coming months or years. The biggest problems are in the real estate and mortgage markets. In 1999,
housing prices rose at huge rates and lenders began offering riskier mortgages, which caused homeowners to keep piling up huge debts. People
were taking out loans and balloon mortgage payments that they really could not afford. The problem began in late 2007, when housing prices
began to fall and the system fell apart causing huge numbers of defaults on home loans and foreclosures. Currently, 5.6% of mortgages are
delinquent, the highest rate in 21 years, and...show more content...
The housing crisis that I mentioned earlier and resulting backlash through the entire economy has been building for awhile now but it has just
came into the forefront in the past couple of weeks. We really haven't faced a downturn like this since the Depression. Last Tuesday, January 22,
the Dow Jones industrial average fell almost 600 points and was already down 9% in 2008 (Gross 1). Immediately the Federal Reserve took
action and cut the interest rates three–quarters of a percentage point, the biggest cut in 24 years. Today, not even a week later, the Fed again cut
interest rates, this time by a half–point (Aversa 1). This move is an effort to keep the economy out of a recession by getting money back into the
banks and encouraging them to keep lending credit to turn the economy upward. Whether or not it will work remains to be seen in the coming
months. The government also announced another move to a couple weeks ago to help get the economy going again and avoid or slow down a
recession. President Bush and the House are currently developing a $145 billion stimulus plan that would give tax relief to citizens by sending
them individual checks for $300 and up. The plan would put over $100 billion into the hands of consumers and the government hopes that
money would be spent and put back into the economy (Wolf 1). While all these things are good news for the struggling economy, most economic
experts believe that a recession of some kind may be impossible to avoid

Essay About Economy

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Essay About Economy