Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
WWI Critical Year of 1917
1. Reflection
Can anything be more ridiculous than that a man has a
right to kill me because he lives on the other side of
the water, and because his ruler has quarrel with mine,
although I have none with him?
~Blaise Pascal
3. Expansion of the war
Campaigns inconclusive, hard and costly
Morale down
Food was hard to come by
4. Break of the stalemate
(1) Collapse of Russia
Some soldiers in Russian army had no weapons
Picked off of ground after death
No food
People revolted against the tsar and a provisional government
was put in place
Because of turmoil it was easier for Germans to defend
and step up pressure on Russians
Bolsheviks seized power, determined to end participation of
Russia in the war
5. Treaty of Brest-Litvosk
March 3,1918
Agreed to give up Poland, Finland and the Baltic states
and a large part of Ukraine to Germany
Germany was able to shift its forces to the Western
front and Germans now outnumbered the allies
6. Break of the Stalemate
(2) Entrance of the U.S.
Mixed feelings
Irish-American’s hated the British
German-American’s sided with the Germans
Germans did not want the U.S. in the war
Determined to break the British strength of the sea
Germany would sink on sight any merchant ships heading to
Britain or western European ports
U.S. broke off relations with Germany
7. Zimmerman Telegram
A note sent from the German foreign minister Arthur
Zimmerman to Mexico
If Mexico allied with Germany, they would be given
New Mexico, Texas and Arizona
Mexico was also to speak to Japan regarding the idea
8. Zimmerman Telegram
Most Secret
For Your Excellency's personal information and to be handed on to the Imperial
Minister in Mexico
We intend to begin unrestricted submarine warfare on the first of February. We
shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States neutral. In the event of
this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of an alliance on the following
basis: Make war together, make peace together, generous financial support, and
an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in
Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement detail is left to you.
You will inform the President [of Mexico] of the above most secretly as soon as the
outbreak of war with the United States is certain and add the suggestion that
he should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence and at
the same time mediate between Japan and ourselves.
Please call the President's attention to the fact that the unrestricted employment
of our submarines now offers the prospect of compelling England to make
peace within a few months. Acknowledge receipt.
Zimmerman
9. Zimmerman Telegram
Germans also sunk many of the American ships
April 2,1917 President Wilson asked for a declaration of
war
American entry into the war raised Allied morale
Selective service draft
10. Turning the Tide
French offensive stalled
Mutinies and desertions
Flanders
British offensive, but Germans pushed them back
further from where started
Southern Front
Italians lost morale and started to desert
11. End of Fighting
Spring of 1918 allied troops under French General
Ferdinand Foch
The Germans mounted their offensive
wanted to split the Allies and drive the British to the sea
came to within 37 miles of Paris before being stopped by the Allies
they were low on reserves and morale
the Allies had high morale and high reserves
because of the US entering the war
the Allied forces pushed the Germans back and slowly one by
one the resistance of the Central Powers fell
November 11 at 11am the Germans signed the Armistice
The Germans had lost the war while its troops still held territory
from France to the Crimean Peninsula
12. Decoding a Message
In substitution codes, the letters of the plaintext (message to be put
into secret form) are replaced by other letters, numbers, or symbols. In
this code system, each letter of the alphabet and each of the numbers
from 1 to 9 appears in the matrix of the grid. Each letter in the grid is
replaced by two letters in the coded message. The first letter in the
message is from the vertical axis of the grid, and the second letter is
from its horizontal axis. For example, if "DG" were the first two letters
to decipher in a cryptogram, you would find the letter "D" on the
vertical axis and the letter "G" on the horizontal axis. Trace them across
the grid to their intersection at the letter "A" in the plaintext.
To decode the fictitious message in the cryptogram, begin by grouping
each set of two letters starting with the first two letters (FG) and
continuing through the message. The code letters are arbitrarily
arranged in groups of five letters. Some letter pairs will carry over from
one line to the next. As you locate each letter in the grid, you should
write that letter above the pair of code letters to which it corresponds.
There are no punctuation marks in the telegram, so your teacher may
need to help you in clarifying the message.
