Breeding for enhanced Zinc and Iron concentration in CIMMYT spring wheat germplasm

Breeding for enhanced Zinc and Ironconcentration in CIMMYT spring wheat germplasm Govindan Velu Global Wheat Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)- Mexico E-mail: velu@cgiar.org MAZATLAN, JUNE 15, 2012

Achieving sustainable food and nutritional security

HarvestPlus Impact & Product Pathway Discovery HPlus I 2004-2008 Product Development and Delivery Plan Development HPlus II 2009-2013 Delivery HPlus III 2014+

G8 summit supports for biofortified crops

Breeding strategy

Potential donors for high ZnHONG HUA MAI HONG DUAN MANG

Successful shuttle breeding

Performance of 1st HarvestPlus International Wheat Yield Trial in target environments for Zn, 2010-11 50 Mexico 45 50% breeding Pakistan 40 target India 35 Pooled 30 100% 25 breeding 20 target % n e s r t i 15 10 5 0 0 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 Zn concentration (ppm) above the checks• >40% entries had atleast 50% target Zn (4 ppm) & 5-10% entries had full target Zn (8 ppm).• high heritability (0.7) and high genetic correlations between locations suggests low G x E.

Grain yield potential of 1st HPYT across locations 30 % of 3 checks mean 25 % of local check 20 15 % n e E s r t i 10 5 0 <80 81-85 86-90 91-95 96-100 101-105 106-110 Grain yield (% over check)• 2-3 best leads were identified in India & Pakistan with 75-100% target Zn & better grain yield potential, rust resistance and superior end-use quality.• These leads are being evaluated in regional PVS/on-farm trials

Performance of 1st HPYT across locationsAcross locations Zn (ppm)-Regional Global GY (% Agronomy Stem rust(Kenya) NJ End-use qualit Cross ppm % India Pak Asia Mex- Off-Ent Zn Fe 9 Hea Matu GRNH GRNP above target (5 (2 (7 2 PH seaso Main season (ppm) (ppm) sites d r RD % RO % checks level sites) sites sites) sites n CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (210)//INQALAB435 91*2/KUKUNA/3/PBW343*2/KUKUNA 38.7 8.7 109 7.7 9.5 9.3 6.9 44.4 86 78 119 107 5MSS 5 MS APR_R 45 14 OASIS/SKAUZ//4*BCN/3/2*PASTOR/4/T.SPELT412 A 35.1 5.1 64 3.3 6.1 4.4 6.1 40.2 97 93 130 105 20MSS 30 MSS APR_MR 41 12 PI348449/5/BAV92/3/OASIS/SKAUZ//4*BCN/4/ FRET2/TUKURU//FRET2*2/3/T.SPELTA422 PI348530 35.0 5.1 63 2.4 5.9 5.7 3.2 39.4 87 94 131 115 20MSS 10 M APR_R 44 12 REH/HARE//2*BCN/3/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (213)//PGO/4/HUITES/5/T.SPELTA414 PI348599/6/REH/HARE//2*BCN/3/CROC_1/AE.S 35.0 5.0 63 3.6 3.2 5.7 2.4 40.7 91 96 136 105 20MSS 50 MSS MS 40 12 QUARROSA (213)//PGO/4/HUITES/7/QUAIU WBLL1*2/TUKURU/3/T.DICOCCON424 PI94624/AE.SQUARROSA 34.8 4.9 61 1.1 4.0 3.7 6.5 38.0 80 85 128 110 30MSS 20 M APR_R-MR 43 13 (409)//BCN/4/WBLL1*2/TUKURU OASIS/SKAUZ//4*BCN/3/2*PASTOR/4/T.SPELT413 A 34.7 4.8 60 3.0 7.4 4.2 4.1 39.7 96 93 130 109 20MSS 30 MSS APR_MR 36 12 PI348449/5/BAV92/3/OASIS/SKAUZ//4*BCN/4/432 GTO95.1.20/KIRITATI//MUU 34.6 4.6 58 1.3 5.1 4.1 5.1 38.2 79 89 131 104 5MSS 1 MSS APR_NIR 39 13 CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA433 (210)//PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/PBW343*2/KUK 34.3 4.3 54 4.9 4.9 4.6 2.5 42.0 86 86 128 119 5MSS 1 MS APR_NIR 40 14 UNA CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA434 (210)//PBW343*2/KUKUNA/3/PBW343*2/KUK 34.2 4.2 52 3.0 6.9 4.0 4.1 41.4 91 88 129 119 40MSS 30 MSS APR_MR 41 13 UNA Checks 30.0 36.0 100 94 132 109 30MSS 47 12 Mean 32.1 1.1 2.9 1.5 1.0 37.8 92 89 130 108 42.5 12.3 Min 28.3 -2.6 -1.9 -1.6 -2.2 32.6 76 78 119 96 35.5 10.9 Max 38.7 7.7 9.5 9.3 6.9 44.4 107 102 140 119 59.5 14.3 SD 2.17 1.9 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.5 7.7 5.7 4.3 5.4 5.30 0.81

Comparison of grain yield of BWIR advanced lines with H+ improved lines 30 H+ lines yield potential Irrigated BW lines yield 25 potential 20 Wild x Elite (N =>600)% entries 15 10 Elite x Elite (N =>4900) 5 0 5 0 0 5 0 5 0 5 5 5 0 1 <7 0 -7 -8 -8 -9 -9 10 11 11 >1 -1 80 85 90 70 75 0- 5- 0- 95 10 10 11 Grain yield (% checks mean)

60 Landraces derivative 50 Synthetic derivative T Spelta derivative 40% entries from HPYT 30 20 10 0 <20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 <45 Zn concentration (mg/kg)

High H2 across and individualenvironment Trait Sites Entry Residual Grand LSD CV Heritability Variance Variance Mean E1 2.5 1.7 26.8 2.7 5.0 0.74 E2 6.7 4.2 34.0 4.3 6.2 0.76 E3 5.5 9.4 34.2 6.4 9.2 0.54 Grain E4 5.5 8.8 29.3 6.3 10.6 0.56 Zn E5 8.7 14.5 28.5 8.2 14.1 0.54 (mg/kg) E6 20.5 18.5 32.1 9.2 14.1 0.69 E7 0.8 19.7 31.3 9.2 14.4 0.07 E8 1.6 11.0 32.3 6.7 10.2 0.22 E9 18.1 10.6 44.1 6.5 7.2 0.77 Across 3.70 11.50 32.5 2.90 4.60 0.78 locations E1 9.6 3.6 32.6 3.8 5.8 0.84 E2 17.3 7.7 42.7 6.1 7.0 0.82 Grain E3 7.2 10.1 34.8 7.0 9.8 0.59 Fe E4 16.8 8.7 37.8 6.4 8.3 0.79 (mg/kg) E5 2.1 2.5 32.4 3.3 5.0 0.62 E6 11.3 3.7 37.3 4.0 5.3 0.86 E7 1.6 4.5 35.5 4.3 6.0 0.42 E8 0.1 13.8 41.3 7.9 9.4 0.01 E9 7.1 2.5 38.9 3.3 4.1 0.85 Across 5.10 6.60 37.0 2.40 3.30 0.88 locations

50Associations y = 1.1761x R² = 0.59 40 30 m G p o F n c e a r ) ( t i 20 20 25 30 35 40 Grain Zn concentration (ppm) 40 Zn y = 1.3384x + 15.704 concentration R² = 0.2491 35 (ppm) 30 25 20 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 Protein %

170 y = 31.918x 160 R² = 0.06 150-1) 140 Positive association of 130 Zn/Fe yield with grain 120 yieldZhkdnagye(li 110 100 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Grain yield (tons ha-1) 200 y = 37.645x 190 R² = 0.33 180 170 -1) 160 150 140 130 F h k d a g y e ( l i 120 110 100 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Grain yield (tons ha-1)

Zn ppm Fe ppm GY PH XRF- ICP- XRF- ICP- % Zn and Fe t/ha cm CIM WAS CIM WAS checks concentration ofMean 33.9 41.1 31.0 31.7 6.8 101 102 Candidate linesMin 22.9 29.3 23.5 27.5 6.3 96 79 (C2HPYT) Y10-11Max 65.4 58.7 41.2 37.6 7.5 114 116 SE 0.37 0.4 0.14 0.12 0.27 0.19 0.37 60 N =420 Zn ppm 50 Fe ppm 40 30 % n e s r t 20 i 10 0 25 30 35 40 45 50 >55 Zn and Fe concentration, ppm

Special emphasize on rust resistance• Luckily some of the 1st HPYT best bets possess Ug99 resistance• 2nd HPYT entries were selected considering Ug 99 data Singh et al., 2011

R² = 0.7367 60 50 40 30 M 20 R X n C Y T Z F ) ( I 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 ICP Zn (WAS)5045 R² = 0.684 N >200 samples40 Correlation b/n ICP Sets No of samples & XRF (r2)35 Set 1 570 0.930 Set 2 800 0.8 M R X C Y e T F Set 3 1204 0.7 ) ( I25 Set 4 180 0.720 Set 5 140 0.615 Total 2894 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 ICP Fe (WAS)

New opportunities within CIMMYT initiatives (SeeD, “WHEAT CRP”)

PVS: one of the ways for faster seed delivery

Product Testing & Release SchedulePositive correlation between Fe and Zn - range forcrops: r = 0.3 to 0.8 - allows simultaneous

Molecular approach Association mapping 14Diverse origin of spelts,dicoccon, synthetic and 12landraces derived 10 % observationsCOP confirms good 8enough diversity in thepanel 6 4Phenotyping: 3 repsrandomized trial (Alpha 2lattice-incomplete blocks) 0in Cd. Obregon 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 COP - value 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0Genotyping: SNP 90K illumina platform – Largest consortiumcovering diverse materialMapping/map position of SNP will be available in mid 2012Also SSR genotyping with Dr Klaus, SARDI, Australia

Challenges● Soil Zn heterogeneity● Applied common ZnSO4 100 kg/ha● Soil Sampling in each check plots (Waxwing)● Spatial experimental design & grid check approach

Product Attributes - Breeding trait in future Goal: micronutrient density as core Objectives breeding will lead to Biofortification of all future varieties micronutrients are not subject to genetic erosion Wolfgang H PFEIFFER

Conclusion Multi-location HPYT results were encouraging – Moderately high H2, high genetic correlations Leads were identified with high Zn and desirable yield potential Time to promote biofortified products in target countries and additional G x E testing in other countries Increasing trend for yield potential (and other desirable traits) over the years from new set of materials (with high Zn) Expanding breeding operations (↑ no. of crosses, double the size of YT) Second cycle of breeding enhance possibility of obtaining high Zn improved lines with good agronomy XRF allows fast-track screening of Zn and Fe

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Breeding for enhanced Zinc and Iron concentration in CIMMYT spring wheat germplasm

by CIMMYT, Int. on Jun 28, 2012

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