Nutrition: Food, Nutrition and Health

Key Concepts
Optimal personal and community nutrition is a major component of health promotion.
Certain nutrients in food are essential to our health and well-being.
Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. Slide

Tell me why…..?
How do these nutritional objectives relate to nursing care?
Why is it important for health care professionals to exemplify optimal nutrition both in regard to themselves and their clients?
Besides carbohydrates, fats and proteins, what other nutrients are essential for health?
How does nutrition relate to physical activity in terms of homeostasis?

Nutrition and Dietetics
Nutrition
Food people eat and how bodies use it
Nutritional science
Scientific knowledge on human’s food requirements
Dietetics
Health profession for applying nutritional science
(Cont'd…)

Nutrition and Dietetics
(…Cont’d)
Registered Dietitian (RD)
Nutrition authority on the health care team
Also referred to as clinical nutrition specialist or public health nutritionist

More questions
How do the terms nutritional science and dietetics differ?
Which governmental agencies study nutritional science and make public health recommendations?
Name some recent nutritional discoveries or topics in the news pertaining to nutrition
How have nutritional recommendations changed over time?

…… ?.....
Is the high-protein, low carbohydrate trend backed up by scientific knowledge?
How can a consumer make sense of dietary recommendations in the face of changing guidelines?
What type of education and training does a RD receive?
How do nurses and RDs work together in a hospital or clinical setting?

…………………… ???????
What resources can an RD provide to assist with a nursing plan of care?
How do surgery, infection, and different developmental stages affect nutritional requirements?

Health and Wellness
Good nutrition is essential to good health
Health must include meeting basic human needs
Wellness seeks the full development of potential for all persons

Do you know???
Why is nutrition a component of health and wellness?
What uses of food are there other to satisfy hunger?
How do nutritional requirements change during a person’s life?
If a person is malnourished, how does that affect his or her functioning?

?????
How can a nurse incorporate nutritional science and education into a plan of care?

Wellness Movement and National Health Goals
Response to medical care system’s focus on illness and disease
Response to rising health costs
Focuses on lifestyle and personal choices

Things to ponder…
How does wellness approach differ from the traditional medical model of health care?
How can preventive care reduce health costs?
Give an example of a disease process directly related to nutritional status.
If disease is a result of various factors, how can lifestyle life style affect overall health and wellness?

????????????????
Name a life style choice that promotes nutritional health.
Name a life style choice that reduces nutritional health.

Traditional and Preventive Approaches to Health
Traditional
Attempts change only when illness or disease already exist
Little value for lifelong positive health
Preventive
Identify risk factors
Allows people to choose behaviors to minimize risk of disease

Risk factors
What are risk factors for CVD? DM? Ca?
What support organizations promote nutritional wellness?
Compare and contrast the traditional and preventive models of health care. What contributed to the shift in focus? Why does involving personal choice and preference support a healthy lifestyle?
What benefits over time does optimal nutrition provide?

Good Nutrition
Well-developed body
Ideal weight for body composition
Good muscle development
Smooth skin, glossy hair, clear and bright eyes
Mental and physical alertness
Ability to resist disease
Increased life span

What is Ideal?
How is the ideal body weight calculated?
Why does poor nutrition impact the immune system?
How can you assess malnutrition in your client?
Why is nutrition essential during prenatal development?

???????????
Why is nutritional status related to disease prevention and recovery from surgery or other trauma?
How do exercise and food relate to good nutrition?

Nutrients in Food
Provide energy
Build tissue
Regulate metabolic processes
Individual nutrients have many special metabolic functions
No nutrient ever works alone

??????????????
What are the primary nutrients?
What is the body’s main source of food and how is it stored?
What is metabolism?
How does metabolism affect the body weight?
Provide and example of nutrients that work with each other?

???????????????????
What are examples of diseases that result from a mineral or other nutrient dificiency?

Energy Sources
Carbohydrates
Primary source of fuel for heat and energy
Maintain body’s back-up store of quick energy
Should provide 45%-65% of total kilocalories
(Cont'd…)

????????????
What are recommended sources of complex carbohydrates?
What is the pathophysiology of diabetes and how does it relate to carbohydrates?
What type of carbohydrates should be limited in the diet?

Energy Sources
(…Cont’d)
Fats
Animal and plant sources
Secondary (storage) form of heat and energy
Should provide no more than 20%-35% of total kilocalories
(Cont'd…)

?????????
List plant and animal sources of fats
What is cholesterol?
What are the risks associated with a high fat diet?
Where is fat stored in the body?

Energy Sources
(…Cont’d)
Proteins
Source of energy when supply from carbohydrates and fats is insufficient
Primary function is tissue building
Should provide 10%-35% of total kilocalories

???????????????
What are proteins composed of?
What are examples of foods high in proteins?
How do vegetarians get enough protein?

Tissue Building
Proteins
Provide amino acids
Necessary for building and repairing tissues
Vitamins and minerals
Vitamin C for tissue building
Calcium and phosphorus
Building and maintaining bone
(Cont'd…)

?????????????
List foods high in vitamin C, calcium, phosphorous and iron?

Tissue Building
(…Cont’d)
Iron
Builds hemoglobin in the blood
Fatty acids
Build central fat substance of cell walls

???????????????
What are conditions related to too little iron? Too much iron?
How does calcium relate to osteoporosis?
Why is fat important to brain development?

Regulation and Control
Vitamins
Function as coenzyme factors
Components of cell enzymes in governing chemical reaction during cell metabolism
Minerals
Also serve as coenzyme factors
(Cont'd…)

???????
What are food sources for vitamins and minerals?
Why are supplements prescribed during pregnancy?

Regulation and Control
(…Cont’d)
Other nutrients
Water
Essential base for all metabolic processes
Fiber
Regulates passage of food material through GI tract

????????????
Why is water essential for life?
What foods are high in fiber?
What is the relationship between colon cancer and low-fiber diet?

Types of Nutrition
Optimal nutrition
Obtained from a varied diet
Desired amounts should be balanced
Undernutrition
Less than desired amounts of nutrients
Limits work capacity, immune system, mental activity
(Cont'd…)

????????????
How can heath professionals promote variety and moderation?
What are risk factors for under nutrition?
What federal programs address under nutrition?

Types of Nutrition
(…Cont’d)
Malnutrition
Reserves depleted
Nutrient and energy intake insufficient
Overnutrition
Excess nutrient and energy intake over time
Produces harmful gross body weight
Excessive amounts of nutrient supplements over time

Key Concepts
Food and nutrient guides help us to plan a balanced diet according to individual needs and goals.

Dietary Reference Intakes
Published by the National Academy of Sciences
Updated every 5-10 years
Includes recommendations for each gender and age group
(Cont'd…)

(…Cont’d)
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
Daily intake of nutrients that meet needs of almost all healthy individuals
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
Intake level that meets needs of half the individuals in a specific group
(Cont'd…)

(…Cont’d)
Adequate intake (AI)
Used when not enough evidence to establish the RDA
Tolerable upper intake level (UL)
Sets maximum intake unlikely to pose adverse health risks
(Cont'd…)

(…Cont’d)

Food Guide Pyramid
Simple practical education tool
Basis for general meal planning and food-intake pattern
Promotes carbohydrates while limiting fat intake
Daily food-group choices may be spread over three or more meals
(Cont'd…)

Food Guide Pyramid
(…Cont’d)

Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Issued every five years
Aim for fitness
Build a healthy base
Choose sensibly

Principles of Nutrition Therapy
Weight management
Sodium control
Proper diet of minerals
DASH diet
Additional lifestyle factors

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Nutrition: Food, Nutrition and Health

by Bates2ndQuarterLPN on Dec 18, 2007

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Nutrition: Food, Nutrition and Health — Presentation Transcript