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1. CAUSES OF OEDEMA

2. Abnormal & excessive
accumulation of free fluid in
interstitial space or serous cavities
Ascites, pleural effusion,
pericardial effusion

3. PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC CLASSES
Incd hydrostatic pressure
Impaired venous return
 CHF
 Constrictive pericarditis
Venous obs
 Thrombosis

4. CONTD…
 Ext pressure- mass, pelvic tumor
 Lower extremity inactivity
 Pregnancy
Arteriolar dilatation
 Heat
 neurohumoral dysreguln

5. Reduced oncotic pressure
Incd loss – nephrotic syndrome
Decd synthesis – liver failure
Malnutrition/malabsorption
nutritional oedema
o kwashiorkar
o wet beri-beri
o c/c alcoholism

6. CONTD…
Protein losing enteropathy
Lymphatic obs
Infection
 fiariasis- early & late stage
 LGV
Malignancy – CA breast

7. CONTD…
Radiation injury
Resection of lymphatics
Na retention
Excessive salt intake + renal insuff
RAAS stimulation
Decd Na delivery
Conn’s syndrome

8. Incd capillary permeability
Infection /inflamatn
Severe sepsis
Drug- Ca channel blocker
Allergic
angioedema

9. CONTD…
Foods- nuts, shellfish
Drugs- penicillin, aspirin
Allergy to insect bite or stings
ACE inhibitors
Hereditary
angioneurotic
oedema

10. GENERALISED OEDEMA
Rt heart failure
Nephrotic syndome,
a/c nephritic syndrome
Hypoalbuminemia
c/c liver disease
Beri-beri

11. LOCALISED OEDEMA
Inflammatory
Obs to bv/lymphatics
Emaciation & old age
Allergic

12. PITTING OEDEMA
Cardiac causes
Renal causes
Liver disease
Early stage of filariasis
Ca channel blockers

13. NON PITTING
Myxoedema
Elephantiasis
angioneurotic

14. DEPENDENT OEDEMA
Cardiac failure
Renal causes
Hypoalbuminemia

15. NON DEPENDENT
Inflammatory
Obs to lymphatics
Angioneurotic

16. OTHERS
Pulm oedema-
LHF,renal failure,ARDS
Oedema of brain
 localised- abscess, neoplasm
 generalised- encephalitis,
hypertensive crisis, obs to brain’s
venous outflow

17. CONTD…
Myxoedema
Oedema fluid – transudate (CHF) or
exudate (inflammatory)